Consumer Health & Integrative Medicine: A Holistic View of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policies

Today, being a health consumer encompasses more than being knowledgeable about traditional medicine and health practice but also includes the necessity to be well informed about the expanding field of complementary and alternative medicine. Consumer Health and Integrative Medicine: Holistic View of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Practices, Second Edition was written to expand upon the many alternative modalities that many other consumer health texts overlook. It includes chapters on the major alternative medicine systems and healing modalities, including Ayurvedic medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, naturopathy, homeopathic medicine, chiropractic medicine, massage, reflexology, and herbals or botanicals. The authors mission is to increase reader's knowledge base, not make up their mind, as we all make better choices related to our own personal health care practices when we are informed consumers. Updates to the Second Edition include: NEW! - The title of the book has changed from Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Health Professionals to Consumer Health and Integrative Medicine to place a greater light on the consumer health and integrative medicine aspects of the text. REVISED! - Chapter 5, Conventional Medicine and Health Care, has brand new information on health insurance coverage and cost of personal health in lieu of the Affordable Care Act. All new considerations on how the ACA has impacted American heath care. REVISED! - A new section in Chapter 14 addresses Mindfulness and its role in Mind-Body Intervention REVISED! - A new section in Chapter 15 regarding the human biofield, as well as a whole new section of classroom activities REVISED! - Chapter 16 now addresses the Ephedra controversy of the early 2000s, and also addresses more specific types of quackery by topic area. UPDATED! - New research and statistics has been incorporated throughout the book regarding the various complementary and alternative methodologies, as well as strengthened information on evidence-based research into CAM and incorporated more information related to how these fit into current Western medicine environments. Case Studies - Each chapter contains case studies that apply chapter concepts in a more personal way. They are presented as scenarios intended to evoke analytical thinking skills. "In the News" - This sections are intended to engage the reader in an active learning exercise and offer questions concerning the news features that encourage analytical thinking, making the situation or problem personally relevant. Review Questions - Numerous questions are found at the end of each chapter and are intended to help readers conceptualize and reflect on main points. Suggestions for Class Activities - Engaging activities are presented at the end of each chapter and give students the opportunity to present in the classroom, work in a group, engage in an activity. Title Page......Page 2 Copyright Page......Page 4 Dedication......Page 7 Contents......Page 8 Preface......Page 15 Acknowledgments......Page 19 About the Authors......Page 22 Chapter 1 Consumer Health, Conventional Medicine, and Complementary and Integrative Health......Page 27 Why Learn About Health Consumerism and CAM......Page 28 How Costly Is Chasing After Good Health......Page 29 What Is the Meaning of Disease/Illness and Health......Page 30 Current Terms and Definitions Regarding Conventional Medicine and Alternative Medicine......Page 35 What Does It Mean to Be a Health Consumer......Page 37 What Is Consumer Advocacy......Page 39 Conclusion......Page 40 Wrap-Up......Page 41 Chapter 2 Scientific Method......Page 44 What Are the Characteristics of Scientific Testing......Page 45 What Are the Types of Research Designs......Page 49 What Are the Types of Data Collected......Page 51 What Is Evidence-Based Research......Page 52 What Are the Steps in Scientific Research......Page 53 Could You Apply What You Have Learned......Page 55 Where Can We Find Valid, Reliable, and Evidence-Based Health Information......Page 57 Conclusion......Page 59 Wrap-Up......Page 60 Chapter 3 Advertising Health Products......Page 64 Advertising in America......Page 65 What Is Direct-to-Consumer Marketing......Page 66 How Can Marketing Influence My Decisions......Page 68 What Else Can Affect My Health Purchasing Decisions......Page 71 Who Makes Sure Advertisers Are Telling the Truth......Page 74 How Do Advertisers Know Whom to Target......Page 76 How Did the Infomercial Begin......Page 78 What Are the Advertising Practices in the Field of Health Care......Page 80 What Is the Cost and Effect of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising......Page 81 How Should We Analyze Advertising......Page 83 Conclusion......Page 85 Wrap-Up......Page 86 Chapter 4 Cost of Health Care in the United States......Page 92 Is the Cost of Health Care Spiraling Out of Control......Page 93 What Are the Reasons for Rising Healthcare Costs......Page 96 What Are Our Major Healthcare Expenditures......Page 99 How Can We Control Healthcare Costs......Page 106 Conclusion......Page 108 Wrap-Up......Page 109 Chapter 5 Conventional Medical and Health Care......Page 113 Where Do We Begin......Page 114 How Can I Prevent Illness in the First Place......Page 115 What Medicines Are Available to Me Over the Counter......Page 117 What Non-Medicine Options Do I Have......Page 124 When Is the Right Time to Go to the Doctor......Page 125 Who Provides the Care......Page 126 Who Are the Orthodox or Conventional Physicians......Page 127 What Is the Flexner Report......Page 129 How Should I Choose or Fire a Physician......Page 130 What Institutions Are Caring for the Sick......Page 132 What Are Our Rights as Patients......Page 134 What Is Medical Malpractice and How Has It Impacted Insurance Costs......Page 135 The Informed Consumer: Applying the Concepts Learned to Your Daily Life......Page 136 Conclusion......Page 137 Wrap-Up......Page 138 Chapter 6 CAM, Integrative Medicine and Health, and Early Pioneers......Page 144 Introduction......Page 145 What Is the Prevalence of CAM Use......Page 146 How Much Money Has Been Spent on CAM......Page 150 Why Do People Seek Alternative Forms of Medical Care......Page 151 What Are the Barriers to CAM Use......Page 153 What Is Integrative Medicine and Health Care......Page 154 What Is the Organizational Structure of Integrated Medicine and Health......Page 158 Who Were the Early Pioneers Promoting Integrative Medicine and Health......Page 159 What Are the Historical Milestones of Integrative Medicine and Health......Page 165 The White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy......Page 167 How Do Practicing Physicians View CAM......Page 169 What Changes Have Occurred in Insurance Coverage for CAM or Integrated Health Care......Page 170 What Is the Future of Integrative Medicine......Page 171 What Should Consumers Keep in Mind When Using Alternative Modalities......Page 173 The Informed Consumer: Applying the Concepts Learned to Your Daily Life......Page 174 Conclusion......Page 175 Wrap-Up......Page 176 Chapter 7 Complementary and Alternative Health Care: Historical Foundations of Holistic Healing......Page 180 Introduction......Page 181 What Is Healing and What Is the Healer’s Role......Page 182 What Are the Key Historical Healing Modalities Impacting Current Healing Practices......Page 183 Is CAM Scientifically Legitimate or Is It Quackery......Page 193 Conclusion......Page 196 Wrap-Up......Page 197 Chapter 8 Alternative Medical Systems: Ayurveda and Its Practices......Page 200 What Is Ayurveda......Page 201 What Are the Main Ayurveda Principles......Page 202 What Types of Diagnostic Methods Are Used in Ayurveda......Page 211 What Are the Major Ayurvedic Therapies......Page 215 What Herbs or Plants Are Used in Ayurvedic Medicine......Page 221 What Minerals and Metals Are Used in Ayurvedic Medicine......Page 226 What Does the NCCIH Report About Ayurveda......Page 228 What Is the National Institute of Ayurvedic Medicine......Page 229 What Is the Training of an Ayurvedic Medicine Doctor or Practitioner......Page 230 Conclusion......Page 232 Wrap-Up......Page 233 Chapter 9 Alternative Medical Systems: Traditional Chinese Medicine......Page 237 What Is Traditional Chinese Medicine......Page 238 What Is the Theory of Qi (Chi......Page 239 What Is the Theory of Meridians......Page 240 What Is the Theory of Yin and Yang......Page 242 What Is the Theory of the Five Elements......Page 245 What Are TCM Diagnostic Methods......Page 250 What Are Acupuncture and Acupressure......Page 254 What Is Chinese Herbal Medicine Therapy......Page 262 What Is Chinese Massage Therapy......Page 272 What Is Chinese Diet and Exercise Therapy......Page 274 Conclusion......Page 277 Wrap-Up......Page 278 Chapter 10 Alternative Medical Systems: Naturopathic and Homeopathic Medicine......Page 284 What Is Naturopathic Medicine and How Did It Develop......Page 285 What Are the Major Beliefs of Naturopathy......Page 287 What Are the Naturopathic Diagnostic Methods......Page 288 What Are the Naturopathic Treatments......Page 293 What Are the Naturopathic Classifications and the Training of Naturopathic Physicians......Page 295 What Is the Prevalence of Naturopathy Use......Page 297 What Are the Results of Research on Naturopathy......Page 298 What Is the Future of Naturopathy......Page 300 What Is the Homeopathy Healing System and How Did It Develop......Page 301 What Are Homeopathic Treatments......Page 303 How Safe Are Homeopathic Remedies......Page 305 What Types of Health Conditions Are Treated by Homeopathy......Page 306 What Steps Are Used When Prescribing Homeopathic Treatments......Page 312 Where Is Homeopathy Used and How Many Are Using It......Page 313 What Have Clinical Studies on Homeopathy Found......Page 314 Are Homeopaths Licensed and Certified......Page 316 Conclusion......Page 317 Wrap-Up......Page 318 Chapter 11 Botanicals: A Biologically Based Therapy......Page 322 What Are Biologically Based Therapies......Page 323 What Are Botanicals......Page 324 How Have Herbs Been Used Historically......Page 325 What Is an Herbalist......Page 326 What Are the Different Forms of Herbs......Page 327 What Are the Chemicals and Properties of Herbs......Page 329 How Are Herbs Used......Page 332 How Does the Government Control Herbs......Page 333 How the FDA Approves New Drugs and Medical Devices......Page 334 How Safe Are Herbal Supplements......Page 336 What Are a Healthcare Professional’s Knowledge of and Recommendations Regarding Herbal Supplements......Page 337 How Much Money Is Spent on Herbal Supplements Each Year......Page 338 Who Uses Herbals, and Which Herbals Are the Most Popular......Page 339 What Are the Common Herbal and Nonplant-Based Dietary Supplements......Page 340 Conclusion......Page 361 Wrap-Up......Page 362 Chapter 12 Aromatherapy and Bach® Original Flower Remedies......Page 367 What Is Aromatherapy......Page 368 What Are the Most Common Ways to Use Aromatherapy......Page 369 What Are Some of the Terms Related to Aromatherapy......Page 371 What Is the Historical Record Regarding Aromatherapy Use......Page 372 Is Aromatherapy Safe......Page 375 Who Can Use Aromatherapy Essential Oils and for What Purposes......Page 377 What Are the Various Processes for Making Essential Oils......Page 378 How Do You Care for and Store Essential Oils......Page 380 What Are Carrier Oils......Page 381 What Do the Clinical Studies Show......Page 382 What Are Some Common Aromatherapy Essential Oils......Page 383 What Are Bach® Original Flower Remedies and What Is Their History......Page 398 Conclusion......Page 420 Wrap-Up......Page 421 Appendix 12.A......Page 424 Chapter 13 Manipulative and Body-Based Therapies......Page 427 What Is Chiropractic Medicine......Page 428 What Is Massage......Page 438 What Is Reflexology......Page 447 Conclusion......Page 453 Wrap-Up......Page 454 Chapter 14 Mind–Body Intervention......Page 460 What Are Mind–Body Interventions......Page 461 What Is Meditation and How Does It Work......Page 462 What Is Yoga......Page 481 What Is Hypnosis......Page 487 What Is the Alexander Technique......Page 490 What Is Biofeedback......Page 494 Are Prayer and Faith or Spiritual Healing Powerful Mind–Body Interventions......Page 496 Conclusion......Page 502 Wrap-Up......Page 503 Appendix 14.A......Page 510 Appendix 14.B......Page 511 Chapter 15 Energy Therapies......Page 512 What Are Energy Therapies......Page 513 What Is the Human Biofield......Page 514 What Is Qigong......Page 515 What Is Reiki......Page 520 What Is Therapeutic Touch......Page 526 What Does Research Say About Reiki and Therapeutic Touch......Page 528 What Is Bioelectromagnetic Therapy......Page 531 How Should I Choose an Energy Therapy......Page 534 Conclusion......Page 535 Wrap-Up......Page 536 Chapter 16 Frauds and Quackery......Page 542 What Is Health Quackery......Page 543 What Is a Health Quack......Page 545 Why Would Someone Promote a Fraudulent Item......Page 548 What Are the Most Common Types of Health Fraud Today......Page 549 How Do I Avoid Quackery......Page 552 What Can I Do If I Feel I Have Been Duped......Page 553 What Are Examples of Products Considered Quackery......Page 554 Who Are Examples of Recent Quacks......Page 562 Is There Quackery in the Nutrition Industry......Page 566 Conclusion......Page 567 Wrap-Up......Page 568 Chapter 17 Protection and Rights of American Consumers......Page 572 Consumer Engagement in Health Decisions......Page 573 Consumer Rights and Responsibilities Regarding Health Care......Page 574 What Was the Result of the Advisory Commission’s Work......Page 576 What Is the Patient Care Partnership......Page 579 Consumer Confidence in Medical Care......Page 581 What Organizations Are Available to Me If I Have a Consumer Issue......Page 583 What Governmental Agencies Are Involved in Consumer Protection......Page 586 Who Provides Consumer Protection at the State Level......Page 590 What Role Does the Consumer Play......Page 591 Conclusion......Page 592 Wrap-Up......Page 593 Chapter 18 Health Insurance in the United States......Page 596 Healthcare Costs in the United States......Page 597 How Do Americans Pay for Their Healthcare......Page 598 What Are My Health Insurance Options......Page 601 What Are Government Insurance Programs......Page 606 Who Has Health Insurance......Page 609 How Does the U.S. Healthcare Delivery System Compare with Other Nations......Page 612 What Can You Do to Become an Informed Health Insurance Consumer......Page 614 What Are the Other Forms of Insurance Affecting Health......Page 617 How Do I Choose a Health Insurance Plan......Page 621 Conclusion......Page 624 Wrap-Up......Page 625 Appendix A......Page 629 Glossary......Page 632 Index......Page 665