Construction Machines

This book provides knowledge to professionals on how to model, calculate, and design machinery for construction operations. Carrying out construction works is unthinkable without construction machines. Awareness of role and properties of construction machines is very important for their design, production, application, and maintenance. This book defines the basic characteristics of the main representatives of construction machines for earthworks, bulldozers, loaders, excavators, vibratory rollers, and transport vehicles, truck cranes, telehandlers, and construction trucks. The book presents a step-by-step explanation of the key technical solutions of mobile construction machines in an expert and illustrative manner, with the help of photographic images, schematics, and case studies. The book will be of use to professionals in industry and students in engineering departments. Foreword Preface Contents Abbreviations 1 Introduction 1.1 Role and Importance of Construction Machines 1.2 Division of Construction Machines 1.3 Construction Machines Structure 1.4 Lifetime of Construction Machines 1.5 Development of Construction Machines 2 Soil Properties 2.1 Division of Soil 2.2 Physical and Mechanical Properties of Soil 2.3 Soil Trafficability References 3 Soil Digging Resistances 3.1 Introduction to Soil Digging Theory 3.2 Resistance to Cutting Soil with a Knife Blade 3.2.1 Soil Cutting Resistance Factors 3.3 Soil Cutting Resistance with Teeth 3.4 Other Soil Digging Resistances 3.5 Soil Digging Resistance with Continuous Tool Operation References 4 Traction Properties of Construction Machines 4.1 Traction Characteristic of the Construction Machine 4.2 Hydrostatic Power Transmission 4.2.1 Hydrostatic Transmission Parameters 4.2.2 Traction Characteristic of the Machine with Hydrostatic Transmission 4.2.3 Properties of Hydraulic Pump and Hydraulic Motor 4.3 Hydrodynamic Power Transmission 4.3.1 Traction Characteristic of the Machine with Torque Converter 4.3.2 Torque Converter Properties 4.3.3 Parameters of Hydrodynamic Power Transmission 4.3.4 Engine and Converter Matching 4.3.5 Hydrodynamic Brake - Retarder 4.4 Comparison of Hydrostatic and Hydrodynamic Power Transmission References 5 Bulldozers 5.1 Purpose and Division of Bulldozers 5.2 Bulldozer Construction 5.3 Bulldozer Working Device 5.3.1 Hydraulic Installation of the Bulldozer 5.4 Dozer Blade Parameters 5.5 Bulldozer Soil Digging Resistances 5.6 Dozer Device Design 5.7 Bulldozer Ripper 5.8 Ripper Parameters 5.9 Soil Ripping Resistance 5.10 Advanced Bulldozer Control System References 6 Loaders 6.1 Purpose and Division of Loaders 6.2 Loader Construction 6.3 Working Device Construction 6.3.1 Hydraulic Loader Installation 6.4 Loader Parameters 6.5 Parameters of the Lever Mechanism 6.6 Loading Resistances of the Loading Shovel 6.6.1 Shovel Penetration Resistance 6.6.2 Soil Shear Resistance 6.7 Load Spectrum of the Working Device 6.8 Universal Loaders - Backhoe Loader References 7 Backhoes 7.1 Types and Purpose of Excavators 7.2 Backhoes with a Deep Bucket 7.2.1 Working Field and Working Cycle of the Backhoe 7.2.2 Backhoe Undercarriage Construction 7.2.3 Backhoe Lever Mechanism 7.2.4 Backhoe Hydraulic Installation 7.2.5 Calculation of the Working Device 7.2.6 Hydraulic Hammer References 8 Soil Compaction Machines 8.1 Purpose and Division of Machines for Soil Compaction 8.2 Static Rollers 8.3 Spiked Rollers 8.4 Pneumatic Rollers 8.5 Vibrating Rollers 8.6 Roller Hydraulic Installation 8.7 Circular Soil Compaction 8.8 Oscillatory Soil Compaction 8.9 Vibration Plates and Rammers References 9 Mobile Cranes 9.1 Purpose and Division of Mobile Cranes 9.2 Mobile Crane Construction 9.3 Cargo Lifting Parameters 9.4 Telescopic Boom 9.4.1 Boom Lifting Device 9.4.2 Device for Boom Telescoping 9.4.3 Load Lifting Device 9.4.4 Device for Turning the Boom 9.5 Hydraulic Installation of the Mobile Crane 9.6 Mobile Crane Safety System 9.7 Advanced Load Lifting System References 10 Telehandlers 10.1 Purpose and Division of Telehandlers 10.2 Telehandler Construction 10.3 Load Capacity of the Telehandler 10.4 Calculation of the Machine Construction 10.4.1 Telescopic Boom Structure 10.4.2 Hydraulic Installation of the Telehandler 10.4.3 Telescopic Boom Strength 10.4.4 Telehandler Stability 10.4.5 Telehandler Stability Control References 11 Construction Trucks 11.1 Purpose and Division of Construction Trucks 11.2 Load Capacity of Construction Tipper Trucks 11.3 Features of the Undercarriages of a Tipper Truck 11.4 Features of the Tipper Superstructure with a Box 11.5 Construction of Tipper Superstructure with Box 11.5.1 Designing the Auxiliary Frame of Trucks 11.5.2 Designing of the Tipper Truck Box 11.5.3 Hydraulic Installation of the Tipper of Truck 11.6 Safety in the Use of Tipper Trucks References 12 Maintenance of Construction Machines 12.1 Maintenance System 12.2 Reliability and Availability 12.3 Concept of Maintenance 12.4 Organization of Maintenance 12.5 Maintenance Technology 12.6 Maintenance Management 12.7 Supply of Spare Parts References