Conservation of Marine Resources and Sustainable Coastal Community Development in Malaysia

This book addresses a timely and compelling emerging issue related to the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources and the sustainable development of the coastal community. Marine protected areas (MPAs) make a remarkable contribution to the protection of marine communities by providing sustainable livelihoods, deriving financial benefits from the development of fisheries and tourism, as well as by restoring ocean productivity and preventing further environmental degradation. These areas have been considered the cornerstone of a blue economy due to their substantial economic, social and environmental contributions. However, MPAs around the world are severely hampered by a multitude of issues and challenges such as inefficient management, poor socioeconomic conditions and environmental degradation due to human activities, overexploitation of marine resources, degradation of water quality, massive waste production and climate change. These are the main obstacles to economic, social and environmental sustainability. Hence, a collaborative management approach and an integrated management policy framework is urgently needed for the economic, social, political, cultural, technological, and ecological development of coastal communities. Muhammad Mehedi Masud is a Senior Lecturer at the Department of Development Studies, Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya, Malaysia. He has published more than 40 scientific papers in internationally refereed Journals. His research interests are development economics, environment and sustainable development, environmental impact assessment, ecotourism development, climate change adaptation and mitigation, community development, livelihoods, poverty and social mobility. He has received several awards such as Academic Excellence Award -2014, Excellence Award-2015 and BSN Award- 2016 from University of Malaya Acknowledgements 6 Book Description 8 Contents 9 Acronyms 11 List of Figures 13 List of Tables 14 Chapter 1 Introduction 15 Abstract 15 References 20 Chapter 2 An Overview of Global Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) with a Special Reference to Malaysia 21 Abstract 21 Introduction 22 The Concept of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) 22 Overview of Global MPAs 24 The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Green List of Protected Areas 27 MPAs in ASEAN Countries 29 Indonesia 29 Thailand 30 The Philippines 32 Vietnam 33 Malaysia 34 Conclusion 37 References 38 Chapter 3 Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Resources in Malaysia 41 Abstract 41 Introduction 41 Sustainable Development Goal 14 42 Malaysia’s Progress on Achieving SDG-14 44 International Agreements on Global Marine Protection 45 The Earth Summit-CBD: Past to Present 47 Aichi Target Action Plans 49 Coral Triangle Initiatives of Six Coral Triangle Countries 50 Challenges to Achieve Sustainable Development Goal 14 52 Malaysian Government Policy on Achieving SDG-14 54 Conclusion 55 References 55 Chapter 4 Economic, Social, and Environmental Significance of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) 58 Abstract 58 Introduction 59 Economic Importance of MPAs 60 Sociocultural Importance of MPAs 63 Environmental Importance of MPAs 66 Conclusion 67 References 68 Chapter 5 Sustainability Dimensions of Marine Park Community Development in Malaysia 71 Abstract 71 Introduction 72 Economic Development 73 Social Development 74 Cultural Development 75 Political Development 76 Technological Development 77 Ecological Development 77 Environmental Sustainability Awareness and Environmental Attitudes 78 Determinants of Sustainable Use of Natural Resources 79 Conclusion 82 References 83 Chapter 6 Major Challenges to Conservation of Marine Resources and Sustainable Coastal Community Development in Malaysia 91 Abstract 91 Major Challenges to Conservation and Community Development 92 The Costs and Problems with MPAs 92 Management Issues Associated with MPAs in Malaysia 94 Economic Issues 96 Social Issues 99 Environmental Issues 100 Increased Waste Generation 101 Decline in Water Quality 103 Climate Change and Coral Reefs Damage 103 Conclusion 106 References 107 Chapter 7 Collaborative Management: A New Proposition for Sustainable Development of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) 113 Abstract 113 Introduction 114 Management Approaches 115 Centralised MPAs Management Approach 115 Decentralised MPAs Management Approach 117 Community Participation 119 Collaborative Management Approach 121 Conclusion 124 References 124 Chapter 8 An Integrated Management Policy Framework for Sustainable Community Development and Conservation of Marine Resources 129 Abstract 129 Introduction 130 An Integrated Management Policy Framework for Sustainable Coastal Community Development (SCCD) and Conservation of Marine Resources (CMR) 131 Effective Management Consideration for SCCD and CMR 132 Economic Consideration for SCCD and CMR 134 Social Consideration for SCCD and CMR 136 Environmental Consideration for SCCD and CMR 137 Psychosocial Consideration for SCCD and CMR 140 Conclusion 141 References 141 Glossaries and Terminologies 147 Index 149 Front Matter ....Pages i-xvii Introduction (Muhammad Mehedi Masud)....Pages 1-6 An Overview of Global Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) with a Special Reference to Malaysia (Muhammad Mehedi Masud)....Pages 7-26 Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Resources in Malaysia (Muhammad Mehedi Masud)....Pages 27-43 Economic, Social, and Environmental Significance of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) (Muhammad Mehedi Masud)....Pages 45-57 Sustainability Dimensions of Marine Park Community Development in Malaysia (Muhammad Mehedi Masud)....Pages 59-78 Major Challenges to Conservation of Marine Resources and Sustainable Coastal Community Development in Malaysia (Muhammad Mehedi Masud)....Pages 79-100 Collaborative Management: A New Proposition for Sustainable Development of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) (Muhammad Mehedi Masud)....Pages 101-116 An Integrated Management Policy Framework for Sustainable Community Development and Conservation of Marine Resources (Muhammad Mehedi Masud)....Pages 117-134 Back Matter ....Pages 135-139