Connected by the Sea : Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Boat and Ship Archaeology, Denmark 2003

The 10th International Symposium on Boat and Ship Archaeology was held in Roskilde, Denmark in 2003. The theme of the meeting was "Connected by the Sea", and was designed to emphasize the role of the sea, seafaring and watercraft as bridges rather than barriers. Maritime archaeology tends to take place within national borders, with a national focus, yet the very premise of seafaring is the desire to travel beyond the horizon to establish contact with other places and cultures. The conference theme was chosen to encourage the maritime archaeological community to think in international terms. Table of Contents A. Experimental Archaeology Experiemental archaeology and ships - principles, problems and examples (Ole Crumlin-Pedersen) Experiental boat archaeology: Has it a future? (Seán McGrail) Experiemental archaeology at the Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde (Søren Nielsen) History written in tool marks (Thomas Finderup) Reconstruction of rope for the copy of Skuldelev 2: Rope in the Viking Period (Ole Magnus) Trial voyages as a method of experimental archaeology: The aspect of speed (Anton Englert) An example of experimental archaeology and the consttruction of a full-scale research model of the Cavalière ship's hull (Sabrina Marlier) Reconstruction of the large Borobudur outrigger sailing craft (Erik Petersen) The construction and trials of a half-scale model of the Early Bronze Age ship, Ferriby 1, to assess the capability of the full-size ship (Edwin Gifford, Joyce Gifford and John Coates) The value of experiemental archaeology or reconstructing ancient seafaring (Timm Weski) The Pacific migrations by canoe-form craft (James Wharram and Hanneke Boon) B. Theoretical Issues in the Construction of Ships New light on the false clinkers in ancient Mediterranean shipbuildings (Patrice Pomey) A preliminary report on the hull characterisitcs of the Gallo-Roman EPI-Taillebourg wreck (Charente-Maritime, France): archaeological evidence of regional practices of ancient flat-bottomed construction? (Eric Rieth) The Dor 2001/1 wreck, Dor/Tantura Lagoon, Israel: Preliminary Report (Yaacov Kahanov and Hadas Mor) A hypothesis on the development of Mediterranean ship construction from Antiquity to the Late Middle Ages (Carlo Beltrame and Mauro Bondioli) Geometric rules i early medieval ships: Evidence from the Bozburun and Serce Limani vessels (Matthew Harpster) Oak growing, hull design and framing style. The Cavalaire-sur-Mer wreck, c. 1479 (Brad Lowewen and Marion Delhaye) Ship design in Holand in the eighteenth century (Ab Hoving) Archaeobotanical characterisiation of three ancient, sewn, Mediterranean shipwrecks (Stephanie Wicha and Michel Girard) Coating, sheathing, caulking and luting in ancient shipbuilding (Ronald Bockius) C. Between Land and Sea Roman techniques for the transport and conservation of fish: the case of the Fiumicino 5 wreck (Christina Marangou) Local boat-building tradition in the Bristol region (Anthoy J. Parker) The harbour of Haiðaby (Sven Kalmring) Money, port and ships from a Schleswig point of view (Christian Radtke) Inland water transport in the Pre-Roman and Roman Iron Age in Northern German and its role in intra- and intercultural communication (Ulrike Teigelake) Staraya Ladoga: a seaport in medieval Russia (Petr Sorokin) The APES Archaeological Study: The North Carolina Sounds, an interface between land and sea (Lawrence E. Babits, Frank Cantelas and Keith Meverden) D. Long distance seafaring and the connections between cultures The ends of the earth: maritime technology ransfer in remote maritime communities (Valerie Fenwick) The ships that connected people and the people that commuted by ships: The western Baltic acase-study (George Undruszewski, Marcus Nilsson and Tomasz Wazny) Early Cogs, Jutland boatbuilders, and the connection between East and West before AD 1250 (Fred Hocker and Aoife Daly) Couronian ship building, navigation and contacts with Scandinavia (Inese Karlina) E. Historical, Iconographic and Ethnographic sources and approaches From Carl Reinhold Berch to Nils Månsson Mandelgren: On the concept of maritime history, (Sw. sjöhistoria), and its meanings in Sweden since the latter 18th century (Carl Olof Cederlund) Ships and subsidies (David A Hinton) Sea-lanes of communication: Language as a tool for nautical archaeology (Katrin Their) Medieval shipping in the estuary of the Vistula River. Written sources in the interpretation of archaeological finds (Robert Domzal) Linking boats and rock carvings – Hjortspring and the North (John Coles) Aeneas’ Sail: the iconography of seafaring in the central Mediterranean region during the Italian Final Bronze Age (Claire Calcagno) Western European design boat building in Buton (Sulawesi, Indonesia): a “sequence of operations” approach (SOA) (Daniel Vermonden) Balagarhi Dingi: An anthropological approach to traditional technology (Swarup Bhattacharyya) F. News from the Baltic The Roskilde ships (Morten Gøthche) Two double-planked wrecks from Poland (Waldemar Ossowski) Mynden. A small Danish frigate of the 18th century (Jens Auer) The wreck of a 16th/17th-century sailing ship near the Hel Peninsula, Poland (Tomasz Bednarz) G. News from around the world Sewn boat timbers from the medieval Islamic port of Quseir al-Qadim on the Red Sea coast of Egypt (Lucy Blue) A Roman river barge from Sisak (Siscia), Croatia (Andrej Gaspari, Miran Eri and Marija Šmalcelj) Contributions of maritime archaeology to the study of an Atlantic port: Bordeaux and its reused boat timbers (Patricia Sibella, John Atkin and Béatrice Szepertyski) A Roman barge with an artefactual inventory from De Meern (the Netherlands) (André F L Van Holk) The Arade 1 shipwreck. A small ship at the mouth of the Arade River, Portugal (Filipe Castro) A Black Sea merchantman (Kroum N Batchvarov) Medieval boats from the port of Olbia, Sardinia, Italy (Edoardo Riccardi) List of Contributors 9 Preface 12 Keynote address: An international forum for nautical research 1976–2003 14 Seán McGrail: Walking on water: Maritime archaeology by air, land and sea 18 A. Experimental Archaeology 22 Chapter 1: Experimental archaeology and ships – principles, problems and examples 22 Chapter 2: Experimental boat archaeology: Has it a future? 29 Chapter 3: Experimental archaeology at the Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde 37 Chapter 4: History written in tool marks 42 Chapter 5: Reconstruction of rope for the copy of Skuldelev 2: Rope in the Viking Period 48 Chapter 6: Trial voyages as a method of experimental archaeology: The aspect of speed 56 Chapter 7: An example of experimental archaeology and the construction of a full-scale research model of the Cavalière ship’s hull 64 Chapter 8: Reconstruction of the large Borobudur outrigger sailing craft 71 Chapter 9: The construction and trials of a half-scale model of the Early Bronze Age ship, Ferriby 1, to assess the capability of the full-size ship 78 Chapter 10: The value of experimental archaeology for reconstructing ancient seafaring 84 Chapter 11: The Pacific migrations by canoe-form craft 89 B. Theoretical issues in the construction of ships 95 Chapter 12: New light on the false clinkers in ancient Mediterranean shipbuilding 95 Chapter 13: A preliminary report on the hull characteristics of the Gallo-Roman EP1-Taillebourg wreck (Charente-Maritime, France): archaeological evidence of regional practices of ancient flat-bottomed construction? 99 Chapter 14: The Dor 2001/1 wreck, Dor/Tantura Lagoon, Israel: Preliminary Report 105 Chapter 15: A hypothesis on the development of Mediterranean ship construction from Antiquity to the Late Midde Ages 110 Chapter 16: Geometric rules in early medieval ships: Evidence from the Bozburun and Serçe Limani vessels 116 Chapter 17: Oak growing, hull design and framing style. The Cavalaire-sur-Mer wreck, c. 1479 120 Chapter 18: Ship design in Holland in the eighteenth century 126 Chapter 19: Archaeobotanical characterisation of three ancient, sewn, Mediterranean shipwrecks 132 Chapter 20: Coating, sheathing, caulking and luting in ancient shipbuilding 138 C. Between land and sea 144 Chapter 21: Roman techniques for the transport and conservation of fish: the case of the Fiumicino 5 wreck 144 Chapter 22: Land and sea connections: the Kastro rock-cut site (Lemnos Island, Aegean Sea, Greece) 151 Chapter 23: Local boat-building traditions in the Bristol region 158 Chapter 24: The harbour of Haiðaby 164 Chapter 25: Money, port and ships from a Schleswig point of view 168 Chapter 26: Inland water transport in the Pre-Roman and Roman Iron Age in Northern Germany and its role in intra- and intercultural communication 173 Chapter 27: Staraya Ladoga: a seaport in medieval Russia 178 Chapter 28: The APES Archaeological Study: The North Carolina Sounds, an interface between land and sea 184 D. Long distance seafaring and the connections between cultures 192 Chapter 29: The ends of the earth: maritime technology transfer in remote maritime communities 192 Chapter 30: The ships that connected people and the people that commuted by ships: The western Baltic case-study 198 Chapter 31: Early cogs, Jutland boatbuilders, and the connection between East and West before AD 1250. 208 Chapter 32: Couronian ship building, navigation and contacts with Scandinavia 216 E. Historical, Iconographic and Ethnographic sources and approaches 220 Chapter 33: From Carl Reinhold Berch to Nils Månsson Mandelgren: On the concept of maritime history, (Sw. sjöhistoria), and its meanings in Sweden since the latter 18th century 220 Chapter 34: Ships and subsidies 226 Chapter 35: Sea-lanes of communication: Language as a tool for nautical archaeology 231 Chapter 36: Medieval shipping in the estuary of the Vistula River. Written sources in the interpretation of archaeological finds 238 Chapter 37: Linking boats and rock carvings – Hjortspring and the North 244 Chapter 38: Aeneas’ Sail: the iconography of seafaring in the central Mediterranean region during the Italian Final Bronze Age 247 Chapter 39: Western European design boat building in Buton (Sulawesi, Indonesia): a “sequence of operations” approach (SOA) 255 Chapter 40: Balagarhi Dingi: An anthropological approach to traditional technology 264 F. News from the Baltic 273 Chapter 41: The Roskilde ships 273 Chapter 42: Two double-planked wrecks from Poland 280 Chapter 43: Mynden. A small Danish frigate of the 18th century 287 Chapter 44: The wreck of a 16th/17th-century sailing ship near the Hel Peninsula, Poland 294 G. News from around the world 298 Chapter 45: Sewn boat timbers from the medieval Islamic port of Quseir al-Qadim on the Red Sea coast of Egypt 298 Chapter 46: A Roman river barge from Sisak (Siscia), Croatia 305 Chapter 47: Contributions of maritime archaeology to the study of an Atlantic port: Bordeaux and its reused boat timbers 311 Chapter 48: A Roman barge with an artefactual inventory from De Meern (the Netherlands) 316 Chapter 49: The Arade 1 shipwreck. A small ship at the mouth of the Arade River, Portugal 321 Chapter 50: A Black Sea merchantman 327 Chapter 51: Medieval boats from the port of Olbia, Sardinia, Italy 333