Conflict and communication : a changing Asia in a globalizing world : language and cultural perspectives

The chapters within this volume comprise selected papers from the 5th Annual Conference of the Asian Studies Irish Association (A.S.I.A.) held at Dublin City University in November 2013. Discussing the conference theme Conflict and Communication: A Changing Asia in a Globalising World, this volume presents multiple perspectives articulated by scholars across disciplines that include translation studies, language studies, literary studies and computer science. Within such disciplinary diversity emerged a unity which converged on language and culture as fundamental points of analysis. This volume covers research topics relating to China, Korea, Japan, Thailand, and Vietnam, as well as Asia as a whole in a globalising world. Insights shared by the ten authors each addressing Asia through a different disciplinary lens hope to provide future research impetus for students and established scholars alike within and beyond Asian Studies. Contents 7 Introduction 9 Chapter 1 17 English Fever: Problematising Language Proficiency Testing in South Korea 17 1. Introduction 17 2. Testing in South Korea 18 3. Concerns about Success in Language Proficiency Scores 22 4. Impact of Current Approach to English Language Testing in South Korea and Washback 27 5. Discussion and Conclusion 30 Acknowledgments 32 References 32 Chapter 2 37 The Development of Confucius Institutes and Some Implications for Language Centres in European Higher Education 37 1. Introduction 37 2. Expansion of Confucius Institutes 39 2.1. Early Years 39 2.2. Structure and Management of Confucius Institutes 39 2.3. Growth in Number of Confucius Institutes 41 2.4. The Role and Impact of ‘Soft Power’ 42 3. Growth of Language Centres in European Higher Education 44 3.1. Increased Demand for Foreign Languages 44 3.2. The Rise of University Language Centres 45 3.3. The Emergence of Language Centres in European Higher Education 46 4. Teaching Chinese in European Higher Education 47 5. Towards Cooperation and Collaboration 49 5.1. Multilingual and Monolingual Perspectives 50 5.2. Chinese Language Teacher Education 50 5.3. Creating Cross-Language Associative Structures 51 6. Conclusion 51 References 53 Chapter 3 57 The Creation of an Active Learning Context for a Chinese Class 57 1. Introduction 57 2. Literature Review 58 2.1. Coteaching 58 2.2. Learner Autonomy 59 2.3. The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) 60 3. Methodology 61 4. Data Presentation 62 4.1. Group Solidarity 62 4.2. Language Learning 64 5. Discussion 65 5.1. The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) 65 5.2. Learner Autonomy as Coteachers 69 6. Conclusion 70 References 71 Chapter 4 75 The Translation of Gender Representation in Keyes’s Watermelon and Ahern’s P.S. I Love You into Vietnamese 75 1. Background to the Chapter 75 2. Gender Representation in Contemporary Female Popular Fiction 76 3. Translation as a Form of Representation 77 4. Methodology 78 5. Selection of Material for Analysis 80 6. The Representation of Women and Its Translation 80 6.1. Appearance and Personality 80 6.2. Women and Work 86 7. The Representation of Men and Translation 88 8. Conclusion 93 References 94 Chapter 5 97 An Investigation of Chinese National Cinema through the Representation of Nationalism in Chinese Martial Arts Films 97 1. Introduction 97 2. Nationalism in Chinese Martial Arts Films 98 2.1 Martial Arts Cinema during the 1920s and 1930s 100 2.2 The Revival of Martial Arts Films in the 1930s and 1940s 101 2.3 Martial Arts Pictures in Hong Kong and Taiwan from the 1950s to the 1970s 103 2.4 The Return of Martial Arts Films to Mainland China in the 1980s and 1990s 105 3. Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon: Before and After 107 References 114 Chapter 6 119 Re-Routing Intercultural Theatre?: A Chinese Perspective on the Royal Shakespeare Company’s The Orphan of Zhao 119 1. An Overview of Intercultural Theatre Since the 20th Century 119 2. The RSC’s Adaptation of The Orphan 124 2.1 White Skin, Yellow Masks: The Shift of Socio-Cultural Background 125 2.2 Aesthetic Alteration and Its Discontent 130 3. Coda 134 References 136 Chapter 7 139 Game Localisation as Emotion Engineering: Methodological Exploration 139 1. Introduction: Video Games and Asia 139 2. Game Localisation: Translation Quality and User Emotion 141 3. User Experience (UX), Player Experience (PX) and User Affect 145 4. Testing Player Experience with Localised Games 148 4.1 Selection of the Game and the Type of Stimuli 149 4.2 Test Subjects 149 4.3 Experiment Set-Up 150 Play Trajectory and Eyetracking 150 Video Recording of the Participant’s Facial Expressions 150 Heart rate and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) 150 Self-Reporting/Post-Task Interview 151 5. Discussion 151 5.1 Objective Data 152 5.2 Subjective Data 153 6. Conclusion 155 Acknowledgments 156 References 156 Chapter 8 161 Towards the Optimal Use of Impact Captions on TV Programmes 161 1. Introduction 161 2. Impact Caption in Entertainment Programmes 163 3. Impact Caption in the News 165 4. Impact Caption in Drama 168 5. Development and Prevalence of Impact Captioning in Japan 170 6. Open Issues of Impact Captioning 172 7. Current Insights into Impact Captioning 175 8. Focusing on Viewers 180 9. Concluding Remarks: Impact Captioning and Societal Implications 181 Acknowledgments 182 References 182 Chapter 9 185 A Place for Translation Technologies in Disaster Settings: The Case of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake 185 1. Introduction 185 2. Overview of Translation Technologies 186 3. Outline of the 2011 Disaster 187 4. Literature Review 190 5. Methodology 191 6. Findings 194 6.1 Linguistic Mediation Was Needed 197 6.2 Developing Situation Awareness Was Key 197 6.3 Mediation of Live Speech by Volunteers Featured Frequently 198 6.4 Television Networks and Local Government Played a Key Role 198 6.5 Lack of Mediation, Consistency, and Speed Were Problems 199 7. Discussion 199 7.1 Some Reasons Translation Technology Use Was Limited 199 7.2 Television and Online News Was a Likely Focus for Translation Technology 201 7.3 Use Translation Technology to Encourage Volunteer Collaboration 201 7.4 Use TMs to Support Local Government Efforts 202 7.5 Future Developments 203 8. Conclusions and Future Work 204 References 205 Chapter 10 211 The View from Asian Writing Systems: Eye Movement Control in Reading Thai and Chinese 211 1. Introduction 211 2. Eye Movements in Reading 213 3. Landing Site Distributions 215 4. Unspaced Writing Systems 216 4.1 Thai 216 4.2 Chinese 217 5. The Role of Spaces 218 6. A Modelling Approach 220 6.1 Thai Data 221 6.2 Chinese Data 221 7. Data Preprocessing 222 8. Results 223 9. Modelling Details 224 10. Discussion 227 References 228 Editors’ Contact Information 233 Index 235 Blank Page 2 "The chapters within this volume comprise selected papers from the 5th Annual Conference of the Asian Studies Irish Association (A.S.I.A.) held at Dublin City University in November 2013. Discussing the conference theme Conflict and Communication: A Changing Asia in a Globalising World, this volume presents multiple perspectives articulated by scholars across disciplines that include translation studies, language studies, literary studies and computer science. Within such disciplinary diversity emerged a unity which converged on language and culture as fundamental points of analysis. This volume covers research topics relating to China, Korea, Japan, Thailand, and Vietnam, as well as Asia as a whole in a globalising world"-- Publisher's Web site