Conference Proceedings of 2021 International Joint Conference on Energy, Electrical and Power Engineering: Power Electronics, Energy Storage and ... Notes in Electrical Engineering, 899)

This book will be a collection of the papers presented in the 2021 International Joint Conference on Energy, Electrical and Power Engineering (CoEEPE’21), covering new and renewable energy, electrical and power engineering. It is expected to report the latest technological developments in the fields developed by academic researchers and industrial practitioners, with a focus on power electronics, energy storage and system control in energy and electrical power systems. The applications and dissemination of these technologies will benefit research society as new research directions are getting more and more inter-disciplinary which require researchers from different research areas to come together and form ideas jointly. It will also benefit the electrical engineering and power industry as we are now experiencing a new wave of industrial revelation, that is, electrification, intelligentization and digitalization of our transport, manufacturing process and way of thinking. Contents Power Electronic Components and Devices Study on the Influence of Parasitic Parameters on the Switching Characteristics and High Frequency Oscillation of SiC MOSFET 1 Introduction 2 Switching Transient Process Analysis 2.1 Turn-On Process 2.2 Turn-Off Process 3 Simulation 3.1 Power Circuit Oscillation Simulation Considering Parasitic Parameters 3.2 Drive Circuit Oscillation Simulation Considering Parasitic Parameters 4 Conclusion References A DSRD-Based Trigger Circuit for RBDT 1 Introduction 2 Theory of Operation 3 Experimental Setup 4 Experimental Results 4.1 Influence of the Trigger Process on the Characteristics of RBDT 4.2 Influence of the Voltage of the Main Circuit 5 Analysis and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Deformation Analysis of Press-Pack IGBT Using Thermal Mechanical Coupling Method 1 Introduction 2 Modeling 2.1 Press Pack IGBT Characteristics 2.2 FE Model Development 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Press-Pack Simulation Varying Power Density 3.2 Press-Pack Simulation Varying Clamping Force 3.3 Press-Pack Simulation with One Chip Failed 3.4 Press-Pack Simulation with Two Chips Failed 4 Conclusion References Investigating the Dynamic Performance of Power Semiconductors in Parallel Connection 1 Introduction 2 Dynamic Modeling of SiC MOSFETs in Parallel 2.1 Turn-On Switching Analysis 2.2 Modeling the I-V and C-V Characteristics of SiC MOSFET 3 Model Implementation 4 Limitation of Analytical Model 5 Conclusion References Turn-On Switching Analysis of SiC/Si Hybrid Switch 1 Introduction 2 Modelling of HyS Turn-On Switching Transient 3 Model Implementation 4 Conclusion References Plastic Strain Analysis of IGBT Solder Layer 1 Introduction 2 Finite-Element Analysis 3 Analysis IGBT Module Structure Parameters by Orthogonal Analysis 4 Effect of Different Material Solder Layers on the Plastic Strain of the IGBT Module 5 Conclusion References Design of a New Drive Circuit for Gallium Nitride 1 Introduction 2 Two-Stage Drive Circuit 2.1 Ideal Drive Circuit 2.2 Actual Drive Circuit 2.3 Two-Stage Drive Circuit 3 Experimental Simulation 4 Conclusion References Review of SiC MOSFET Failure Analysis Under Extreme Conditions: High Temperature, High Frequency and Irradiation 1 Introduction 2 Failure Analysis Under High Temperature 2.1 Generation of Extreme High Temperature Condition 2.2 Catastrophic Failures Mechanism 2.3 Characterizations 2.4 Withstand Capability 3 Failure Analysis Under High Frequency 3.1 Potential Failure Analysis of Power Circuit 3.2 Potential Failure Analysis of Control Circuit 4 Failure Analysis Under Irradiation 4.1 Total Ionization Dose 4.2 Single Event Burnout 4.3 Single Event Gate Rupture 5 Improving Reliability Under Extreme Conditions 6 Conclusion References Power Converter Topologies and Control Non-singular Terminal Sliding Mode Control Algorithm for DC/DC Boost Converter System Based on a Finite-Time Convergent Observer 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Modeling and Traditional NTSMC Method 2.1 Mathematical Modeling 2.2 Traditional NTSMC Method 3 Novel Sliding-Mode Controller Design 3.1 Design of Finite-Time Convergent Observer 3.2 Controller Design 4 The Analysis of System Stability 4.1 The Analysis of Finite-Time Convergent Observer Stability 4.2 The Analysis of NTSM Controller Stability 5 Simulation Results 6 Conclusions References A Wide-Range Input Multi-phase Interleaved DC/DC Converter Suitable for Fuel Cells 1 Introduction 2 Operating Principle of the Proposed Converter 2.1 Basic Operating Principle 2.2 Steady State Analysis 3 Control of the Proposed Converter 3.1 Small Signal Model 3.2 Average Current Control Model 4 Simulation Verification 5 Conclusion References FHSS-4FSK Based Power and Signal Synchronous Transmission for Cascaded DC/DC Converters 1 Introduction 2 The Modulation for Cascaded Buck Converters 3 Demodulation Strategy Based on FHSS-4FSK 4 Modeling and Response Characteristics Analysis 5 Experiment Verification 6 Conclusion References Power & Signal Synchronous Transmission Strategy for Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverter 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Power and Signal Synchronous Transmission 2.1 System Structure 2.2 System Modeling and Analysis 2.3 Analysis of the Closed-Loop Stability 3 Experimental Results 4 Conclusions References Improved Seven-Level Floating Capacitor Control Strategy 1 Introduction 2 7L-TANPC Inverter Topology 2.1 Basic Working Principle 2.2 Modulation Strategy 3 Control Strategy 3.1 Traditional Floating Capacitor Voltage Balance Control 3.2 Improved Voltage Control of Floating Capacitor 4 Simulation 5 Conclusion References Predictive Control Method for Secondary Ripple Suppression of Two-Stage Single-Phase Inverter 1 Introduction 2 Analysis of the Second Harmonic Generation Mechanism 3 PI Model Predictive Control with Notch Filter 4 Simulation Results 5 Conclusion References Research on Second Harmonic Ripple Suppression of Two Stage DC-AC Inverter 1 Introduction 2 Generation Mechanism of Secondary Ripple Current 3 Secondary Ripple Current Suppression and Dynamic Performance Improvement 3.1 The Basic Method is Put Forward 3.2 Selection of Virtual Impedance 3.3 Load Current Feedforward Control with Band Stop Filter 3.4 Second Harmonic Current Control of Series Virtual Resistance 4 Comparison of Control Methods 5 Simulation Results 6 Conclusion References Discrete Fuzzy Control Algorithm for Single-Phase-Shift Control of Isolated Full-Bridge DC-DC Converter 1 Introduction 2 Principle of Isolated Full-Bridge DC-DC Converter 3 Discrete Fuzzy Single-Phase-Shift Control Strategy 3.1 Discrete Domain Fuzzy Controller Design 3.2 Single-Phase-Shift Control System Based on Discrete Fuzzy Controller 4 Simulation Verification 5 Conclusion References Fault Diagnosis of Three-Level Inverters Based on Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition and Deep Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Fault Type Analysis 3 Fault Diagnosis Method Based on EEMD-DNN 3.1 Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition 3.2 Deep Neural Network 4 Simulation and Analysis 4.1 Simulation and Result 4.2 Contrastive Analysis 5 Conclusion References A Direct Power Control of Single-Phase PWM Rectifiers Without Gird Voltage Sensor 1 Introduction 2 Direct Power Control Without Gird Voltage Sensor 2.1 System Description 2.2 Instantaneous Power Estimator 2.3 System Parameter Initialization 2.4 Inductance and Resistance Compensation 3 Experimental Results 4 Conclusion References Research on Current Ripple Characteristics of Interleaved Vienna Rectifier 1 Introduction 2 Analysis of Current Ripple Characteristics 2.1 Topology of the Interleaved Vienna Rectifier 2.2 Control Strategy of the Interleaved Vienna Rectifier 2.3 Current Ripple Characteristics 3 Simulation and Experimental Results 4 Conclusion References Endogenous Multimode Operation of Non-inverting Buck Boost Converter for Wide Range Voltage Regulation 1 Introduction 2 Multimode Operation 2.1 Steady-State Voltage Conversion Ratio of NIBB 2.2 Definition of Equivalent Duty Ratio deq 3 LPV System Model 4 Control Design 5 Experimental Verifications 6 Conclusion References New and Renewable Energy Coordinated Control Strategy to Enhance FRT Capacity for Offshore Wind Farms Connected MMC-HVDC 1 Introduction 2 System Outline and Steady State Control of MMC-HVDC Connected Wind Farms 2.1 System Topology 2.2 Steady State Control 3 Coordinated FRT Control Strategy 3.1 FRT Control Strategy of the WFMMC 3.2 FRT Control Strategy of the GSVSC 3.3 Coordinated FRT Control Strategy with DC Chopper 4 Simulation Verification and Analysis 4.1 Asymmetric Fault Occurs in the Receiving Power Grid 4.2 Symmetrical Failure of the Receiving Power Grid 5 Conclusion References Frequency Regulation Method for HVDC System with Wind Farm 1 Introduction 2 System Configuration 2.1 DFIG 2.2 HVDC 3 Frequency Coordinated Regulation Method 3.1 HWFRS Power Allocation Strategy 3.2 WT Allocation Strategy in WF 3.3 Active SFD Restrain Strategy 4 Case Study 4.1 Introduction to the Simulation System 4.2 Simulation Results 5 Conclusions References An Adaptive Control in a LV Distribution Network Integrating Distributed PV Systems by Considering Electricity Substitution 1 Introduction 2 Control Framework 3 Distribution Network Adaptive Control Model 3.1 Day-Ahead Optimization 3.2 Control Within Days 4 Control the Process and Solve the Method 4.1 Control the Process 4.2 Solution Methods 5 Analysis 5.1 Background 5.2 Power Substitution 5.3 Optimization 5.4 Daily Control Scheme 6 Conclusions References A Two-Layer Scheme for Operating Renewable Based-Micro-Grid by Considering Economics and Grid Stability 1 Introduction 2 Two-Layer Optimization Model 2.1 System Structure 2.2 Two-Layer Optimization 3 Economic Optimization 3.1 Objective Function 3.2 Binding Conditions 4 Stability Optimization 4.1 Objective Function 4.2 Binding Conditions 5 Solution Method 5.1 Greedy-Genetic Algorithm for Solving Upper-Level Optimization Problems 5.2 Genetic Algorithm for Solving Lower Level Optimization Problems 6 Example Analysis 6.1 Example Overview 6.2 Example Results 7 Conclusion References Evaluation of Power Grid Flexibility Based on PV Output Characteristics 1 Introduction 2 Grid Flexibility Theory 2.1 Definition of Grid Flexibility 2.2 Analysis of PV Output Characteristics 3 Construction of Flexibility Indicators 3.1 Flexibility Static Evaluation Indicator 3.2 Flexibility Dynamic Evaluation Indicator 4 Examples 5 Conclusion References Super-Twisting Sliding-Mode Based Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Inverter Control 1 Introduction 2 LCL Three-Phase Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Inverter Model Design 2.1 Topological Structure of Three-Phase LCL Inverter 2.2 Mathematical Model of Inverter Based on LCL Filter 3 Sliding Mode Controller Design 3.1 Voltage Controller Design 3.2 Current Controller Design 4 Simulations 5 Conclusion References Supplementary Novel Damping Control of MMC-STATCOM to Mitigate SSCI 1 Introduction 2 System Configuration 3 SSCI Mitigation Strategy of MMC-STATCOM 4 Performance Verification with Time-Domain Simulation 5 Conclusion References Smart Grids, Power Flow and Load Control The Simulation of Injected Pulse Signal into Grounding Electrode Lines of HVDC Transmission System for Fault Location Based on PSCAD 1 Introduction 2 Propagation Process of Injected Pulse Signal 3 Principle of Fault Location Method Based on Injected Pulse Signal 3.1 Fault Detection 3.2 Fault Location 3.3 Final Result 4 The Selection of Pulse Signal 4.1 Pulse Type 4.2 Pulse Width 5 Simulation 5.1 Modeling 5.2 Fault Location Simulation 6 Conclusion References Research on Evaluation System of AC/DC Hybrid Distribution Network with Common High Frequency Bus Multi Port EER 1 Introduction 2 Common High Frequency AC Bus Topology 2.1 Mathematical Model of MMAB 2.2 Main Working Mode 3 Effectiveness Impact Factors 3.1 Selection Principle of Evaluation Index 3.2 Energy Effectiveness Impact Factors 4 Effectiveness Impact Factors 4.1 Index Analysis 4.2 Comprehensive Evaluation Model 4.3 Example Analysis 5 Conclusion References Multi-time Scale Optimal Dispatch for AC/DC Distribution Networks Based on Cluster Partition 1 Introduction 2 Clustering Based Cluster Partition Method 2.1 Improved Electrical Distance 2.2 Spectral Clustering Algorithm and Application 3 Multi-time Scale Optimal Dispatch Model for AC/DC Distribution Networks Based on Cluster Partition 3.1 Long-Time Scale Optimization Model 3.2 Short-Time Scale Optimization Model 4 Case Study 4.1 Optimization Result Discussion 4.2 Cluster Partition Algorithm Analysis 5 Conclusion References Distribution Network Reconfiguration Based on BAS-IGA Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model of Distribution Network Reconfiguration 3 Improved Genetic Algorithm 3.1 Genetic Operator 3.2 Adaptive Cross-Variance Probability 4 Research on BAS-IGA Based Network Reconstruction Method 4.1 Principle of the Beetle Antennae Search Algorithm 4.2 BAS-IGA Algorithm Flow Chart 5 Simulation Verification 6 Conclusion References Load Forecasting Based on Improved Long Short-Term Memory Artificial Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Long Short-Term Memory Artificial Neural Network 3 Load Forecasting Model Based on Improved LSTM Algorithm 3.1 Grey System Correlation Theory 3.2 Load Forecasting Model Combining Grey System Correlation Degree and LSTM 3.3 Evaluation Method 4 Case Analysis 4.1 Correlation Analysis 4.2 Forecast Result 4.3 Forecast Effect Comparison 5 Conclusions References Multi-objective Coordinated Partition Governance of Distribution Network with DG and SVG 1 Introduction 2 Working Principle of DG Multi-ojective Power Quality 3 Multi-objective Optimization Configuration Strategy for Coordinating DG and SVG 3.1 Planning Model 3.2 Distribution Network Partition 4 Multi-objective Model of Distribution Network 4.1 Load Sensitivity Index in Various Region 4.2 Mathematical Model of Multi-objective Optimal Operation 5 Simulation and Analysis 5.1 Research on Park Distribution Network Planning 5.2 Partitioning Study 5.3 Study on Optimal Operation Under Typical Conditions 6 Conclusion References Comprehensive Evaluation for Distribution Network Reliability Considering the Difference of User’s Requirements 1 Introduction 2 Difference in Load Characteristics and Evaluation Index System 2.1 Power Supply Reliability and Difference in Load Characteristics 2.2 Evaluation Index System Considering User’s Requirements 3 Weight Determination and Comprehensive Evaluation 3.1 Determination of Subjective Weight 3.2 Determination of Objective Weight 3.3 Determination of Comprehensive Weight 3.4 Comprehensive Evaluation Based on Fuzzy Matter-Element Model 4 Conclusion References Research on LC Ratio of Metro Traction Drive System Applied in Oscillation Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Stability Analysis Based on Simplified Second-Order System 3 The Stability Analysis Considering the Dynamics of the Motor and Its Current Controller 3.1 Dynamics of the Motor and Its Current Controller 3.2 System Transfer Function 4 Simulation Verification and Analysis 4.1 The Stability Analysis Result Based on Simplified Second-Order System 4.2 The Stability Analysis Considering the Dynamics of the Motor 4.3 Stability Verification of the Metro Traction Drive System 5 Conclusion References A Feature Analysis and Clustering Method Based on User Electricity Data 1 Introduction 2 Data Prepocessing and Characteristics Analysis 2.1 Cleaning Data 2.2 Select Typical Data 2.3 Feature Extraction 3 Elaborate Behavior Analysis 3.1 Single Temperature Effect Response Coefficient 3.2 Single Temperature Effect Response Coefficient 3.3 Double Effect Response Coefficient 4 Case Study Results 4.1 Load Morphology Clustering 4.2 User Response Clustering 4.3 Verify the Results 5 Conclusion References Identification of Weak Links in Active Distribution Network Based on Vulnerability Assessment 1 Introduction 2 Index of Vulnerability Assessment Based on Complex Network Theory 2.1 Node Degree and Line Degree 2.2 Node Injection Power 2.3 Node Betweenness 2.4 Line Betweenness 3 Line Power Supply Weakness 3.1 Calculation of Power Supply Capacity 3.2 Line Power Supply Weakness Index 4 Case Study Results 5 Conclusion References A Method for Calculating Flicker of Fluctuating Loads by Instantaneous Power 1 Introduction 2 Key Issues and Models of Flicker Responsibility Allocation 3 Multi-Fluctuation Load Flicker Responsibility Allocation Algorithm 3.1 Signal Preprocessing 3.2 Flash Calculation and Responsibility Allocation Algorithm 4 Project Case Analysis 4.1 Algorithm Verification 4.2 Practical Application 5 Conclusion References An Optimization Method for Compensation Network Parameters in Double-Sided LCC Wireless Power Transfer System 1 Introduction 2 Modeling and Calculation of Double-Sided LCC Compensated WPT System 2.1 Equivalent Circuit Model 2.2 Influence of Transmission Coil Misalignment on Efficiency 2.3 Compensation Network Selection for Maximum Efficiency 3 Standard PSO Combined with Simulation Topology Model in Simulink 3.1 Weight Coefficient and Optimization Objective 3.2 Optimization Algorithm 3.3 Optimization Results and Analysis 4 Conclusion References Enterprise-Level Model Construction of Distribution Network Topology Based on Graph Database 1 Introduction 2 Topology Model of Distribution Networks 2.1 Topology Structure of Distribution Networks in Professional Work Perspective 2.2 Topology Structure of Distribution Networks in Professional Work Perspective 3 Application Analysis of Topology Database in Distribution Networks 3.1 Application Analysis of Power Grid Topology Based on Relational Database 3.2 Application Analysis of Power Grid Topology Based on Graph Database 4 a Graph Database-Based Topology Model Design of Distribution Networks 4.1 Definition of the Graph Data Model 4.2 Design of Topology Model 5 Automatic Diagram Generation of Distribution Networks Topology Model 5.1 Data Parsing and Conversion of the CIM/XML and the CIM/E 5.2 Algorithm Model of FR Force-Directed 5.3 The Process of Automatic Diagram Generation 6 Conclusion References Research on Application of Innovative Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control in Three-Phase Four-Wire System DSTATCOM 1 Introduction 2 Establishment of Mathematical Model of Three-Phase Four-Wire DTSTACOM System 3 Traditional LADRC and Innovative LADRC Design 3.1 Traditional LADRC Design 3.2 Innovative LADRC Design 4 Performance Analysis of the Innovative LADRC 4.1 Disturbance Immunity Analysis of the Innovative LADRC 4.2 Stability Analysis of the Innovative LADRC 5 Simulation Experiment Analysis 6 Conclusion and Prospect References How Did the COVID-19 Crisis Affect the Efficiency of European Intraday Electricity Markets? 1 Introduction 2 Methodology and Data 2.1 Graphical and Statistical Analysis 2.2 Data 3 Results 3.1 Results of the Overall Investigation 3.2 German Electricity Prices 3.3 French Electricity Prices 3.4 Norwegian Electricity Prices 4 Discussion 4.1 Critical Appraisal 4.2 Research Limitations 5 Conclusion and Outlook References State Estimation of Intelligent Distribution Network Based on Data Fusion 1 Introduction 2 Multi Source Data Fusing 2.1 Fusion Based on Data Components 2.2 Fusion Based on Data Precision 2.3 Fusion Based on Data Refresh 3 State Estimation of Intelligent Distribution Network 3.1 Weighted Least Square State Estimation 3.2 Weight Determination Based on Data Fusion 4 Case Study Results 5 Conclusion References Preliminary Research on the Voltage Level of Low Voltage Direct Current System 1 Introduction 2 Configuration Principles and Constraint Condition 2.1 Configuration Principles of the Voltage Level 2.2 Constraint Condition of the Voltage Level 3 Evaluation Indicators and Evaluation Methods 3.1 Evaluation Indicators 3.2 Evaluation Methods 4 The Voltage Level of Different Application Scenarios 4.1 DC Building 4.2 ICT DC Power Supply System 4.3 Smart Park 5 Conclusion References Stability Analysis of DC Microgrid with Multi-converter Parallel Operation Based on Impedance Model 1 Introduction 2 System Structure of DC Microgrid 3 Small Signal Modeling of DC Microgrid 3.1 Model of DC Bus Voltage Control Unit 3.2 Model of Load 4 Analysis of System Stability 4.1 The Influence of DC Bus Capacitance on System Stability 4.2 The Influence of Converter Control Parameters on System Stability 4.3 The Influence of Load Power on System Stability 4.4 The Influence of the Parameter Matching of the DC BVC Units on System Stability 5 Conclusion References SCD File Visualization and Test Boundary Definition Method for Smart Substation 1 Introduction 2 SCD File Overview 3 SCD Profile Visualization 3.1 Improvement of SCD File Visualization 4 SCD File Comparison and Test Boundary Definition 4.1 SCD File Comparison Process 4.2 Test Boundary Definition 5 Conclusion References Power Load Forecasting Based on Sine-SSA-BP Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Predictive Model 2.1 The Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm 2.2 Optimize BP Neural Network 3 Simulation Analysis 4 Conclusion References Energy Internet-Oriented Distribution Network Long-Term Load Forecasting Method Based on Prophet-BiLSTM-CRITIC Mode 1 Introduction 2 Power Load Forecasting Model 2.1 Prophet Forecasting Model 2.2 Bi-Directional Long-Short Term Memory (BiLSTM) 3 Hybrid Forecasting Model 4 Conclusion References Modular Capacitor-Based Full Bridge Interline DC Power Flow Controller: Topology Analysis and Performance Study 1 Introduction 2 Modular C-Based Full-Bridge IDCPFC 2.1 Structure and Working Principle 2.2 Control Strategy 2.3 Characteristics Analysis 2.4 Comparisons Between Two Topologies of Modular C-Based IDCPFC 3 Simulation Validation 3.1 Simulation Verification 4 Conclusions References Real-Time Electricity Price Optimization Strategy in Power Market Based on Markov Decision Chain 1 Introduction 2 Real-Time Electricity Price Optimization Based on Markov Decision Chain 2.1 Markov Decision Chain Modeling 2.2 Real-Time Electricity Price Model Based on Markov Decision Chain 3 Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm 4 Example Simulation 5 Conclusion References Distribution Grid Topology Estimation Using 1D-CNN 1 Introduction 2 Principles of One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network 2.1 The Structure of 1D-CNN 2.2 Convolutional Layer 2.3 Pooling Layer 2.4 Fully Connected Layer 3 Topology Estimation Method of Distribution Grid Using Convolutional Neural Network 3.1 The Original Input Data Set of CNN Model 3.2 Original Data Processing 3.3 Sample Label Processing 3.4 CNN Model Structure 3.5 Topology Estimation Process 4 Case Studies 4.1 Case Description 4.2 Data Set Construction 4.3 Topology Estimation Evaluation Index 4.4 Simulation Result 5 Conclusion References Energy Storage Development and Optimization of Aquaponics Greenhouse Thermal-Water Environment Monitoring System Based on LabVIEW 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Experimental environment 2.2 Main Hardware Equipment 2.3 Software System Design 2.4 Greenhouse Thermal Environment Model 2.5 PID Control Principle 2.6 Fuzzy Control Principle 3 Results 3.1 Monitoring Experiment of Aquaponics System 3.2 Temperature Early Warning and Optimization 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion and Future References Identifying the Feasibility of Implementing of Heat Pump for Heating a Factory Aquaponics Greenhouse in Beijing 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Materials 3 Preliminary Thermal Analysis for Greenhouse Aquaponics 3.1 Air Heating Load 3.2 Heating Load for Water in Aquaponics 3.3 Primary Energy Consumption 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Air Heating Load of Aquaponics Greenhouse 4.2 Water Heating Load of Aquaponics Greenhouse 4.3 Primary Energy Consumption and Carbon Emission 4.4 Operating Costs 4.5 Summary and Conclusions References Management and Control of Hybrid Energy Storage System in Ship Integrated Power System 1 Introduction 2 Ship Integrated Power System with DC Bus 3 Energy Management and Control Strategy of Hybrid Energy Storage System 3.1 Energy Management Strategy of Hybrid Energy Storage Unit 3.2 Bi-directional DC/DC Converter Control Strategy 4 Control Strategy of Rectifier Generator 5 Results and Analysis 6 Conclusion References Research on Control Strategy of PV-Energy Storage System Connected to Low Voltage Distribution Network 1 Introduction 2 PV Energy Storage Structure Connected to Low Voltage Distribution Network 3 Voltage Over-Limit Principle Proposed System 3.1 Principle of Voltage Over-Limit of PV-Energy Storage System Connected to Low-Voltage Distribution Network 3.2 Principles of PV-Energy Storage System to Manage Voltage Over-Limit 4 Control Strategy of PV-Energy Storage System 4.1 Control Strategy of PV-Energy Storage System 4.2 Battery Charge and Discharge Control 4.3 Control Stragegy of Grid-Connected Inverter 4.4 Voltage Control Strategy of VSI 5 Simulation 6 Conclusion References In the Electricity Market Environment for the Industrial Park Electrical Energy with Energy Optimization Strategy 1 Introduction 2 Optimal Modeling of Park Power Consumption in the Power Market 2.1 Park Hybrid for Power System Optimization Object Modeling 2.2 Optimize the Objective Function 2.3 Model Constraints 3 Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm 3.1 Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm 4 Optimize the Calculation Process 5 Calculation Example Analysis 6 Conclusion References Stackelberg Game Optimal Scheduling of User-Side Energy Storage Considering Source-Load Uncertainty 1 Introduction 2 Stochastic Optimal Scheduling Model for Distributed Energy Storage 3 Source Load Uncertainty Modeling 3.1 User Side Model 3.2 Distribution Network Model 3.3 Construction of Stackelberg Game Model 4 Case Analysis 4.1 Basic Data 4.2 Internal Prices 4.3 Optimization of the User Side Energy Storage System 4.4 Net Load Analysis 5 Conclusions References Harmonic Analysis, Monitoring and Digital Twins Dynamic Harmonic Analysis of Electric Energy Routers with Common High Frequency Bus Under Multi-Source-Load Interaction 1 Introduction 2 The Development Status of Power Routers and System Structure of Topologies 2.1 Development Status 2.2 System Structure 3 Topological Structure of Electric Energy Router with Common High-Frequency Bus 4 Coordination of Dual-Loop Decoupling Control Strategy and Dual-Phase Shift Power Flow Control Strategy 4.1 Surrounding Control Method 4.2 Central Control Method 4.3 Hybrid Control Model 5 Dynamic Harmonic Analysis of Composite Ports Under Different Control Strategies 5.1 Simulation Results for Four Ports 5.2 Suppression of Harmonics Under Dual-Loop Decoupling Control Strategy 5.3 The Impact of Different Ports and Loads on System Harmonics 6 Conclusion References Research on Digital Twin Model of Three-Phase Inverter 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model of Three-Phase Inverter 3 Mathematical Model Analysis Method of Three-Phase Inverter 4 Realization of Digital Control 5 Simulation Verification 6 Conclusion References An Online Condition Monitoring Method of Single-Phase PWM Rectifier Based on Digital Twin 1 Introduction 2 Digital Twin System and Control Scheme 2.1 System Description 2.2 Direct Power Control 3 Proposed Parameter Identification Method 4 Simulation 4.1 Parameter Identification 4.2 Repeatability Test 5 Conclusion References Parameter Identification Method Based on Digital Twin of Boost Converter 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Analysis Model of Boost Converter 3 Parameter Identification of Boost Converter 4 Simulation Verification 5 Conclusion References Transmission Line Tower Fault Identification Based on Image Processing Technology 1 Introduction 2 Image Preprocessing 2.1 Image Grayscale 2.2 Edge Detection Based on Canny Algorithm 3 Feature Extraction 3.1 Gradient Calculation 3.2 Gradient Histogram Statistics 4 Support Vector Machine(SVM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) 5 Conclusion References Uniformly Observability of the Semi-discrete Schrödinger Equation 1 Introduction 2 Exponential Stability and Observability Inequality of the Schrödinger Equation 3 Decay Property of the Semi-discrete Scheme and Its Observability Inequality 4 Summary References