Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting III : 3rd International Conference on Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting, ICCRRR-3, 3-5 September 2012, Cape Town, South Africa

This proceedings volume consists of papers focusing on repairing, maintaining, rehabilitating, and retrofitting of existing infrastructures to extend their life and maximize economic return. Moreover, structural performance and material durability are discussed. Contributions fall under the following headings: (i) Concrete durability aspects, (ii) Condition assessment of concrete structures, (iii) Modern materials technology, (iv) Concrete repair, rehabilitation and retrofitting, (v) Performance and health monitoring, and (vi) Education, research and specifications. Major attention is paid to innovative materials for durable concrete construction, integrated service life modelling of reinforced concrete structures, NDE/NDT and measurement techniques, repair methods and materials, and structural strengthening and retrofitting techniques. For researchers and practitioners in structure and infrastructure engineering. Set of book of abstracts (546 pp) and a searchable full paper CD-ROM (1564 pp). Table of contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 20 ICCRRR Committees......Page 22 Keynote papers......Page 24 Assessing the remaining service life of existing concrete bridges......Page 26 The transformation of the existing building stock: A precondition for a sustainable future......Page 34 The concrete repair industry, actions for improvements......Page 36 Where does rehabilitation fit into the South African dam safety picture?......Page 38 A life in non-destructive testing!......Page 40 Non-destructive testing and continuous monitoring: Modern tools for performance assessment and life time prognosis of structures......Page 43 Operational Modal Analysis for testing and continuous monitoring of bridges and special structures......Page 46 From the instantaneous corrosion rate to a representative value......Page 48 Novel cement-based composites for strengthening and repair of concrete structures......Page 50 Rehabilitation and strengthening of concrete structures using Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete......Page 53 Textile-based composites versus FRP as strengthening and seismic retrofitting materials for concrete and masonry structures......Page 55 Theme 1: Concrete durability aspects Innovative materials and influences of material composition......Page 58 Curing technologies, strength and durability performance......Page 60 The effect of binder type on chloride threshold values for reinforced concrete......Page 62 Durability properties of high performance metakaolin concrete in different curing conditions......Page 64 Quantification of anhydrous GGBFS particles in cement pastes subjected to organic acids: Comparison of selective dissolution and image analysis methods......Page 66 Performance evaluation of limestone mortars for elevated temperature application in nuclear industry......Page 68 Optimization of fly ash based geo-polymer concrete......Page 70 Durability studies on glass fiber reinforced High Performance Concrete with fly ash as admixture......Page 72 Strength and sulphate resistance of rice husk ash concrete......Page 74 Improvement of repairing mortars in cold environments using coal bottom ash......Page 76 TiO2 TRC—New features of TRC by titanium dioxide modifications......Page 79 The use of superabsorbent polymers as a crack sealing and crack healing mechanism in cementitious materials......Page 81 Effect of matrix permeability on durability of structural grade geopolymer and conventional concretes......Page 83 Polymers in concrete repairing according to EN 1504......Page 85 Durability properties of inorganic polymer concrete using fly ash and slag......Page 87 Aminobenzoate modified hydrotalcites as a novel smart additive of reinforced concrete for anticorrosion applications......Page 89 Mix design, mechanical properties and impact resistance of UHPFRCCs......Page 91 Durability of lightweight self-consolidating concrete in massive structures......Page 93 Influence of different recycled aggregate types on strength and abrasion resistance properties of concrete......Page 95 Innovative low cost fibre-reinforced concrete—Part I: Mechanical and durability properties......Page 97 Innovative low cost fibre-reinforced concrete—Part II: Fracture toughness and impact strength......Page 99 The effect of cement type on the performance of mortars modified by superabsorbent polymers......Page 101 Effect of super-absorbent polymer on simplification of curing and prevention of micro-cracking of concrete at early age......Page 103 The influence of the particle size of superabsorbent polymer on internal curing of high performance concrete......Page 105 Porous network concrete: Novel concept of healable concrete structures......Page 107 An experimental methodology to assess the self-healing capacity of cementitious composites with "aero-crystallizing" additives......Page 109 Study of the effectiveness of different types of surface protection materials applied in concrete structures......Page 111 Influence of cement content and environmental humidity on cement-asphalt composites performance......Page 113 Engineered Cementitious Composite as a cover concrete against chloride ingress......Page 115 Fire resistance performance of concretes exposed to high temperatures......Page 117 Fire-protection coating of reinforced concrete lining in Lefortovsky tunnel......Page 119 Influence of hydrophobicity and oleophobicity on cleaning graffiti on concrete panels and natural stones......Page 121 Service life modelling and prediction of durability......Page 124 Developing a modified rapid chloride permeability test for mortar concrete......Page 126 Measuring permeability of cementitious materials......Page 128 The pore structure and water permeability of cement paste blended with fly ash over a long period up to one year......Page 131 Measurement of the air permeability of concrete "in situ": Status quo......Page 133 Evaluation of carbonation progress of existing concrete structure based on air permeability of concrete cover—a case study in Japan......Page 136 Lattice Boltzmann simulation of permeability of cement-based materials......Page 139 Morphological nature of diffusion in cement paste......Page 141 Modeling of moisture distribution in concrete in 3D......Page 143 DC and AC measurements of the chloride diffusion coefficient through concrete......Page 145 Factors affecting AgNO3 colorimetric method for measurement of chloride migration in cement-based materials......Page 147 Cement mortars with fly ash and slag—study of their microstructure and resistance to salt ingress in different environmental conditions......Page 149 Capillary suction and chloride migration in fire exposed concrete with PP-fibre......Page 151 Effect of chlorides on moisture content and sorption isotherms......Page 153 Accelerated evaluation of corrosion inhibition by means of the integral corrosion test......Page 155 Ageing process of cementitious materials: Ion transport and diffusion coefficient......Page 157 The interaction of deterioration caused by chloride ingress and carbonation in mortars exposed to cyclic wetting and drying......Page 159 Influence of carbonation on the chloride concentration in the pore solution of concrete......Page 161 Modified Wedge Splitting Test (MWST)—a simple tool for durability investigations of reinforcement corrosion in cracked concrete......Page 163 Effect of concrete and binder composition on cracking sensitivity......Page 165 Towards incorporating the influence of cracks in the durability index testing approach......Page 167 A model for the prediction of plastic shrinkage cracking in concrete......Page 169 Durability design of reinforced concrete structures submitted to carbonation by using an probabilistic modelling......Page 171 Mix design optimisation—the influence of binder content on mechanical and durability properties of concrete......Page 173 Durability and service life of reinforced concrete structures under combined mechanical and environmental actions......Page 175 Control of concrete cover depth of reinforced concrete structures for durability......Page 177 Essential parameters for strength-based service life modeling of reinforced concrete structures—a review......Page 179 A Virtual Lab for multi-scale modeling of cementitious materials......Page 181 Model verification, refinement and testing on independent 10-year carbonation field data......Page 183 Treatment of a stochastic service life prediction model to an evaluation of a distressed two-story RC building......Page 185 Methodology for including the age effect of concrete with SCMs in results from accelerated testing......Page 187 Lattice model implementation on alkali silica reaction gel expansion in a reacted concrete medium......Page 189 A concrete performance assessment tool for structures with alkali silica reaction......Page 191 Relation between mass flow in cement-based composite materials and durability, investigated by means of neutron imaging......Page 193 Modelling and prevention of reinforcement corrosion......Page 196 Assessment of some parameters of corrosion initiation prediction of reinforced concrete in Persian Gulf region......Page 198 Possibilities and restrictions for the use of stainless steel reinforcement......Page 201 Service life extension of concrete structures by increasing chloride threshold using stainless steel reinforcements......Page 203 Working life of cathodic protection systems for concrete structures—analysis of field data......Page 206 Assessment of critical chloride content in reinforced concrete by Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) revisited......Page 208 Testing of the chloride threshold values for reinforced concrete structures......Page 210 Protection of steel in concrete using galvanic and hybrid electrochemical treatments......Page 212 Mechanical behaviour of basalt fibre-reinforced plastics and their durability in an alkaline environment......Page 214 Towards correlating natural and accelerated chloride-induced corrosion in cracked RC preliminary results......Page 217 Improving concrete durability through the use of corrosion inhibitors......Page 220 Theme 2: Condition assessment of concrete structures Degradation assessment and service life aspects......Page 222 Conservation of concrete structures in fib Model Code 2010......Page 224 Non-destructive Building diagnosis in the monitoring and inspection of existing building structures......Page 226 Concrete deterioration in mining structures......Page 227 Case studies of concrete deterioration in reinforced concrete chimneys......Page 229 An investigation into failures and problems of industrial floors on the ground—with an emphasis on case studies......Page 231 Concrete damage in underground structures......Page 233 Managing risk for concrete repair to multi-storey buildings......Page 236 Condition assessment and repair strategy for seawater intake structure in Saudi Arabia......Page 238 Corrosion damage of concrete structures in ammonium nitrate-based environments......Page 240 Condition assessment and repair of antenna towers concrete foundations......Page 242 Repair and restoration of "Dalle de Verre" concrete windows......Page 244 Residual structural performance of a 26-year-old corroded reinforced concrete beam......Page 246 Experimental and numerical study on the residual strength of deteriorated prestressed concrete bridge beams affected by chloride attack......Page 248 Method to evaluate the residual strength in concrete elements exposed to fire using physic-chemical and microstructural parameters......Page 250 Rehabilitation of a large arch dam: Importance of dam safety surveillance......Page 252 Multiple arch dam: Challenges with the rehabilitation of one of the thin, unreinforced, double curvature arches of the Stompdrift Dam......Page 254 Lombardi slenderness coefficient as one of the criteria for the preliminary evaluation of proposed rehabilitation works at Kouga dam......Page 256 Observations from the calibration of an arch dam model using ambient modal properties......Page 258 Modal parameter estimation from ambient vibration measurements of a dam using stochastic subspace identification methods......Page 260 Macroscopic ice lens growth: Observations on Swedish concrete dams......Page 262 NDE/NDT and measurement techniques......Page 264 Strength monitoring of concrete structures by using non destructive testing......Page 266 Main challenges of non destructive evaluation of on-site concrete strength......Page 269 Test method to determine durability of concrete under combined environmental actions and mechanical load......Page 271 Structure testing with ultrasonic-echo and impulse radar technique......Page 273 Influences on layer thickness measurements of concrete coatings by mobile NMR on steel-reinforced concrete constructions......Page 275 Shape factors of four point resistivity method in presence of rebars......Page 277 Statistical analysis of electrical resistivity as a tool for estimating cement type of 12-year-old concrete specimens......Page 279 Measurement and visualisation of the actual concrete resistivity in consideration of conductive layers and reinforcement bars......Page 281 Practical operation of data-logging covermeters and the interpretation of results......Page 283 Modern damage detection by using static assessment methods for efficient rehabilitation......Page 285 Strengthening of reinforced concrete slabs built around the year 1910......Page 287 Analysis of the strain transfer mechanism between a truly distributed optical fiber sensor and the surrounding medium......Page 289 Investigation of the crack opening and damage monitoring of textile reinforced cementitious composites using Digital Image Correlation......Page 291 A non-destructive test method for the performance of hydrophobic treatments......Page 293 Examination of the hydration of cementitious binders with fly ash and blast furnace slag using in-situ XRD......Page 295 Passive infrared thermography as a diagnostic tool in civil engineering structural material health monitoring......Page 297 Active thermography as a quality assurance for structural engineering......Page 299 Infrared Thermography applications for the quality control of concrete elements strengthened with FRP......Page 301 Structural reliability targets for assessment of ageing infrastructure......Page 303 Impact of mobile cranes on medium span bridges......Page 305 Materials and structural assessments......Page 308 Lessons from the Big Dig......Page 310 Differing results from inspection and load rating of Sikanni Chief Bridge......Page 312 A new life for ultra low strength concrete, Brisbane City Hall......Page 314 Testing, maintenance and reinforcement of the Pietrastretta RA05 motorway viaduct......Page 316 Residual structural performance of deteriorated RC bridge girder with reinforcement corrosion......Page 318 Residual shear capacity of continuous reinforced concrete beams......Page 320 Shear assessment of solid slab bridges......Page 322 Upgrading of bridges across rivers to resist ship impact......Page 324 Through-life management of LPS dwelling blocks, including their structural assessment for accidental loads and actions......Page 326 Condition assessment and repair of concrete tunnel lining after fire......Page 328 Theme 3: Concrete repair, rehabilitation and retrofitting Repair methods, materials and techniques......Page 330 Random thoughts on concrete repair specifications' ills and treatment prescriptions......Page 332 Concrete repair as an engineering task: An approximate solution to an exact problem......Page 335 Concrete repair materials, polymers and green chemistry—how far synergistic are they?......Page 338 Performance and service life of repairs of concrete structures in The Netherlands......Page 340 Development of repair mortars for the restoration of natural stone in cultural heritage......Page 342 Maintenance of aged concrete structures of the Hong Kong Housing Authority......Page 344 Sustainability-focused maintenance strategy for the public rental housing estates in Hong Kong......Page 346 The effect of pulse current on energy saving during Electrochemical Chloride Extraction (ECE) in concrete......Page 348 Modern repair technique for an ancient temple......Page 350 Repair of deteriorated concrete containing recycled aggregates......Page 352 Physico-chemical properties and durability of polymer modified repair materials......Page 354 Polymer-modified Self-Compacting Concrete (PSCC) for concrete repair......Page 356 Effect of weathering on polymer modified cement mortars used for the repair and waterproofing of concrete......Page 358 Case history of polymer-modified cementitious membrane used to protect new and repair concrete......Page 360 Use of starch modified concrete as a repair material......Page 362 Mitigation of ASR affected concrete in Boston, MA, USA: A case study......Page 364 Shrinkage cracking of steel fibre-reinforced and rubberized cement-based mortars......Page 366 Development of a liquid bio-based repair system for aged concrete structures......Page 368 Development of bio-based mortar system for concrete repair......Page 370 Full scale application of bacteria-based self-healing concrete for repair purposes......Page 372 Evaluation of crack patterns in SHCC with respect to water permeability and capillary suction......Page 374 Cathodic protection of concrete structures with thermally sprayed sacrificial zinc anodes—critical parameters for the protective ability of the sprayed-on anode......Page 376 Repair of concrete members of seaside apartment buildings deteriorated by steel corrosion......Page 378 Galvanic corrosion protection of steel in concrete with a zinc mesh anode embedded into a solid electrolyte (EZA): Operational data and service time expectations......Page 380 The use of discrete sacrificial anodes in reducing corrosion rate in chloride contaminated reinforced concrete......Page 382 Bonded concrete overlays and patch repairs......Page 384 Concrete overlays for pavement rehabilitation summary......Page 386 Optimizing the steel fibre and mesh combinations used in repairing existing pavements with Ultra Thin Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements (UTCRCP)......Page 388 Effect of repair materials on durability indexes of concrete......Page 390 Concrete heritage: Tentative guidelines for the 'Patch Restoration Method'......Page 392 Fatigue crack propagation model for bi-material interfaces......Page 394 Mechanical properties of old concrete—UHPFC interface......Page 396 Bond characteristics of substrate concrete and repair materials......Page 398 Investigations on the performance of concrete repair mortars in composite specimen tests......Page 400 Topography evaluation methods for concrete substrates: Parametric study......Page 402 Modeling water absorption of the concrete substrate in concrete repairs......Page 404 Textile reinforced sprayed mortar for the repair of hydraulic engineering structures......Page 406 Shrinkage stress damage effect in concrete patch repair......Page 408 Performance of engineered cementitious composite for concrete repairs subjected to differential shrinkage......Page 410 Cracking characteristics of cement mortars subjected to restrained shrinkage......Page 412 Structural repairs and strengthening......Page 414 Retrofitting of Bridge B421 over the Olifants River after flood damage......Page 416 Strengthening of traffic barriers on bridges along the Kaaimans Pass......Page 418 Assessment and strengthening of R/C hospital building—case study......Page 420 Repair and dynamic-based condition assessment of impact damage to a freeway overpass bridge near Mossel Bay, South Africa......Page 422 Upgrading of three historic arch bridges over the Orange River near Keimoes, South Africa......Page 424 Analysis and retrofitting design of a single-span R.C. bridge......Page 426 Verification of bridge repair assisted by numerical simulation......Page 428 Repairing preloaded square columns by ferrocement jackets made of non-structural WWMs......Page 430 Experimental results of RC columns strengthened with Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Mortars......Page 432 The enhancement of performance on road tunnel lining by epoxy injection and carbon fiber reinforcement......Page 434 Strengthening of R/C Beams using Ultra High Performance Concrete......Page 436 Experimental investigation on the effectiveness of patch repair on the flexural behavior of corroded post-tensioned beams......Page 438 Numerical investigation on the effectiveness of patch repair on the flexural behavior of corroded post-tensioned beams......Page 440 Flexure retrofitting of ribbed one-way reinforced concrete slabs through external reinforcing bars......Page 442 Analysis of structural rehabilitation of historical masonry with reinforced concrete......Page 444 Dual function carbon fibre strengthening and cathodic protection anode for reinforced concrete structures......Page 446 Repairing and retrofitting prestressed concrete water tanks in seismic areas......Page 448 Post-installed bars under low installation temperatures......Page 450 Application of post-installed anchors for seismic retrofit of RC beam-column joints: Design and validation......Page 452 Retrofitting techniques and FRP systems......Page 454 Anchoring FRP laminates for the seismic strengthening of RC columns......Page 456 Confinement of short concrete columns with CFRP wraps subjected to concentric and eccentric loading......Page 458 Corner beam-column joints retrofitting with HPFRC jacketing......Page 460 Cracking behaviour of RC members strengthened with CFRP strips......Page 462 Shear strengthening of RC hollow box bridge columns using FRP and RC jacketing......Page 463 Flexural performance of repaired reinforced concrete beam containing DFRCC materials......Page 465 Retrofitting bridges to accommodate single point interchanges on the Gauteng Freeways Improvement Project......Page 467 Investigation of shear bonding behavior between base concrete and polymer-modified mortar with CFRP grid......Page 469 The influence of externally bonded longitudinal TRC reinforcement on the crack pattern of a concrete beam......Page 472 Retrofitting of structural concrete after damage caused by impact or explosion......Page 474 Debonding of external CFRP plates from RC structures caused by cyclic loading effects......Page 476 An improved damage model to predict the failure process in FRP/concrete assemblies......Page 478 Mechanical fastening of multi-directional CFRP laminates in concrete......Page 481 TRM and UHPFRC: Retrofitting solutions for structural elements......Page 483 Analytical study on behavior of External shear wall and Internal shear wall as lateral load resisting systems for retrofitting a ten storey building frame......Page 485 Retrofit of a reinforced concrete building with lead rubber bearing in Iran......Page 487 Theme 4: Developments in materials technology, assessment and processing......Page 490 Influence of intensive vacuum mixing on the compressive strength of cementitious materials......Page 492 Underwater concreting by using two-stage concrete (Laboratory study)......Page 494 Robustness improvement of fresh concrete and mortar performance for challenging casting environments with focus on sub-Saharan Africa......Page 496 Technical-economical consequences of the use of controlled permeable formwork......Page 499 An investigation on effect of aggregate grading on fresh properties of Self-Consolidating Mortar......Page 501 Strength of recycled aggregate concrete for structural uses......Page 503 Concrete containing steel slag aggregate: Performance after high temperature exposure......Page 505 Completely Recyclable Concrete: How does the cement paste behave during reclinkering?......Page 507 Influence of particle packing on the strength of ecological concrete......Page 509 Development of geo-polymer based Ductile Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Composites (DFRCC)......Page 511 Load-deformation behavior of hybrid elements of PCC and CC under flexural stress......Page 513 Fatigue behaviour of self-compacting concrete......Page 515 Velocity profile of self compacting concrete and traditional concrete flowing in a half open pipe......Page 518 Deformation of concrete subject to freeze-thaw cycles combined with chloride salt solution......Page 520 Thermal expansion of high-performance cement paste and mortar at early age......Page 522 Development of new lime binder for building bio-aggregate materials......Page 524 'Buffer' effects of natural zeolites in blended cements......Page 527 Evaluation of steel fiber distribution in a concrete matrix......Page 529 Contribution to study of the self-healing effect activated by crystalline catalysts in concrete structures when subjected to continuous exposure to water......Page 531 Strength behaviour of clay-cement concrete and quality implications for low-cost construction materials......Page 533 Characterisation and description of the structure of metakaolin by total scattering, density functional theory, and X-ray spectroscopy......Page 535 The comparison between the cracking behaviour of bending and tension for Strain Hardening Cement-based Composites (SHCC)......Page 538 Influence of temperature on the hydration of blended cements......Page 540 Thermodynamic modeling of sulfate interaction......Page 542 An ongoing investigation on modeling the strength properties of water-entrained cement-based materials......Page 544 Theme 5: Concrete technology and structural design......Page 546 Concrete knowledge improvement in sub-Saharan Africa......Page 548 Evaluation of concrete quality in Libya......Page 551 Who will be making high performance concrete?......Page 553 The role of the structural engineer in the design of low embodied energy concrete-frame buildings......Page 555 Synthetic climate modeling for estimating the impact of global warming on construction materials......Page 557 Resistance factors for shear capacity of ordinary and lightweight R/C beams......Page 560 Global safety factor for slender reinforced concrete structures......Page 562 Time-dependent analysis of segmentally constructed cantilever bridge comparing two different creep models......Page 564