Concerted European Action on Magnets (CEAM)

The beneficial impact of the European communities involvement in scientific research and technology is wide-ranging and pervasive. There are high hopes of major advances in scientific knowledge and technological processes, while the emergence of a genuine tradition of collaborative research holds out great and continuing promise for the future. Close, frequent and long-term cooperation between universities, research centres and industry is already generating new synergies, forging a truly European scientific community. Many of tomorrows industrial developments, destined to be determinant for our economic success and prosperity, will spring from this research. The Concerted European Action on Magnets - CEAM - project is a prime example of collaborative research and development. Financed from the Communities STIMULATION action and implemented with the help of EURAM, the advanced materials programme, CEAM will bestow great benefits on European industrial competitiveness, providing a channel for high quality basic research to find its way into commercial products. This remarkable cooperative enterprise brought t~gether 58 laboratories and more than 120 scientists and englneers in a sustained thirty month effort. It spanned every aspect of new iron-based high performance magnets from theoretical modelling of their intrinsic magnetic properties to the design and construction of novel electrical devices and machines. Besides adding a new European dimension to advanced magnetic technology, CEAM also ensured that a whole new generation of young researchers and technicians have been trained in applied magnetism. Front Matter....Pages i-xvi Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Research Collaboration in Europe — the Example of Ceam....Pages 3-16 Front Matter....Pages 17-17 Rare Earth Permanent Magnets — the Contribution of CEAM....Pages 19-33 Front Matter....Pages 35-35 The Prediction of Structure-Type and Magnetic Properties of Iron-Based Alloys....Pages 39-52 A Survey of the Experimental Literature on the B-Fe-Nd System and Related Topics....Pages 53-62 Novel Ternary Fe-Rich Rare Earth Intermetallics....Pages 63-75 Intrinsic Magnetic Properties of Iron-Rich Compounds with the Nd 2 Fe 14 B or ThMn 12 Structure....Pages 76-97 A Search for New Permanent Magnet Materials: Crystallographic and Magnetic Properties of New Compounds....Pages 98-108 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Magnetic Properties of Rare Earth-Transition Metal-Metalloid Alloys....Pages 109-121 A Search for New Fe-Rich Phases for the Development of Permanent Magnets....Pages 122-129 Novel Ternary Gd-Fe-Ti Alloys With ThMn 12 Structure....Pages 130-133 Structural and Magnetic Properties of RE 2 Fe 17 H x (RE = Nd,Sm) Hydrides and Iron-Rich Compounds Nd(Co 1-x Fe x ) 9 Si 2 and Gd(Fe x Al 1-x ) 12 ....Pages 134-145 Structural and Magnetic Properties of Some RE-(Fe,Mn)-(B,X) Alloys....Pages 146-157 Summary of Discussion: New Phases, Structures and Properties....Pages 159-160 Magnetic Properties of the R 2 Fe 14 B Compounds (R = Rare Earth), A Series of R-Fe Intermetallics....Pages 163-173 Magnetic Interactions in Rare-Earth — 3d Intermetallics....Pages 174-187 Macroscopic Studies of Magnetic Anisotropy in Rare-Earth Intermetallic Compounds....Pages 188-202 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Magnetic Properties of Substituted Nd 2 Fe 14 B Alloys and Magnets....Pages 203-213 Crystal Chemistry, Physical Properties, Hydridation Properties of Nd 2 Fe 14 B-Type of Compounds....Pages 214-229 Elaboration and Characterization of Nd 2 Fe 14 B-Type Phases and Their Hydrides....Pages 230-239 Magnetostriction and Low Field Magnetization Processes in RE 2 Fe 14 B Compounds....Pages 240-258 Front Matter....Pages 35-35 Summary of Discussions: Magnetic Properties and Chemical Substitution....Pages 259-261 N.M.R. Study of Intermetallic Compounds for Permanent Magnets....Pages 265-275 A Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of R 2 (Fe,Co) 14 B and Related Compounds....Pages 276-287 Mössbauer Study by 57 Fe and 174 Yb Mössbauer Spectroscopies of Yb 2 Fe 14 B, RCo 4-x Fe x B (R = Pr, Nd, Sm, Er, Tm, Lu) and SmFe 10 T 2 (T = Ti, V, Si)....Pages 288-299 Intrinsic Properties of Ternary Rare-Earth Compounds from 57 Fe, 161 Dy, 166 Er Mössbauer Spectroscopies....Pages 300-309 Hyperfine Interactions on R-Fe-B Compounds Studied by Mossbauer Spectroscopy....Pages 310-322 Development of 157 Gd and 145 Nd Mössbauer Resonances....Pages 323-329 Summary of Discussions: Atomic Scale Magnetism....Pages 331-331 Phase Equilibria in Fe-Nd-B and Related Systems and Microstructure of Sintered Fe-Nd-B Magnets....Pages 335-357 Effect of Some Addition Elements on the Phase Equilibria and Microstructure of Nd-Fe-B Alloys....Pages 358-368 The Nd 15 Fe 77 B 8 Microstructure: Some Effects of Oxygen for Different Solidification Conditions....Pages 369-376 Summary of Discussions: Phase Relations and Microstructure....Pages 377-378 Coercivity Mechanisms in Nd-Fe-B and Other Sintered Magnets....Pages 381-391 Magnetic Hardening Mechanism in Re-Fe-B Permanent Magnets....Pages 392-404 The Microstructure and Extrinsic Magnetic Properties of NdFeB-Based Materials....Pages 405-417 Magnetic Hardening Studies in Nd-Fe-B Magnets....Pages 418-423 Magnetization, Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy, Domain Wall Energies and Thicknesses in R 2 Fe 14 B Materials With R = Nd,Gd,Dy and Ho....Pages 424-435 NdFeB Magnets by Melt Spinning....Pages 436-448 Coercivity Distribution and Magnetic Stability of Nd-Fe-B Alloys....Pages 449-462 Summary of Discussions: Microstructure and Coercivity....Pages 463-464 Front Matter....Pages 35-35 Cast Rare Earth Alloys for Magnetic Materials Research....Pages 467-479 The Preparation of Neodymium-Metal and NdFeB-Alloys....Pages 480-488 Microstructural and Hydrogen Absorption Studies on Neodymium-Iron-Boron Materials....Pages 489-509 A Study of Nd-Fe-B Magnets Produced Using a Combination of Hydrogen Decrepitation and Jet Milling....Pages 510-520 A Contribution to the Mechanism of the Hydrogenation of Nd-Fe-B-Alloys and the Use of Hydrogenated Alloy for Permanent Magnet Production....Pages 521-531 Oxidation sizing experiments on neodymium-iron-boron magnet powders....Pages 532-542 Compositional and Process Effects on Structures and Properties of Fe-Nd-B-Based Ribbons and Magnets Produced by the Melt Spinning Route....Pages 543-557 Preferential Crystallite Orientation in Nd-Fe-B Melt Spun Flakes....Pages 558-562 The Production of NdFeB Magnets by the Rapid Solidification Processing Route....Pages 563-576 Summary of Discussions: Ingot Materials — Characterisation, Powder Processing and Melt Spinning....Pages 577-578 Preparation and Characterisation of Sintered NdFeB Magnets....Pages 581-581 The Development and Implementation of Commercially Viable Processing Techniques for Neodymium Iron Boron Magnets....Pages 582-599 Some Aspects of the Structure and Performance of NdFeB Ingots and Magnets....Pages 600-627 Feasibility Study of a Method to Obtain Corrosion Protection of the NdFeB-Type Magnet....Pages 628-639 The Stability of Nd Fe B Magnets....Pages 640-650 Summary of Discussions: Magnets — Production, Characterisation and Corrosion....Pages 651-651 Anisotropic NdFeB — Magnets Made by Plastic Deformation of Cast Samples....Pages 655-658 A Novel Process for Rare Earth-Iron-Boron Permanent Magnets Preparation....Pages 659-669 New Developments in Bonded Nd-Fe-B Magnets....Pages 670-678 Summary of Discussions: New Processes....Pages 679-679 Front Matter....Pages 35-35 Design and Performance of Small Brushless Machines with Nd-Fe-B Magnets....Pages 683-694 The Potential for NdFeB Magnets in Electrical Machines and Other Permanent Magnet Excited Devices....Pages 695-707 Permanent-Magnet A.C. and D.C. Machines....Pages 708-719 Computer Aided Design of Nd-Fe-B Permanent Magnet Motors....Pages 720-731 Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Neodymium Iron Boron in Electric Motors....Pages 732-742 Three Phase Pulse Width Modulation Waveform Generator for Use with Permanent Magnet Motors....Pages 743-757 Assembly of a Disc-Type Motor with High Energy Permanent Magnets....Pages 758-764 Magnetising Multi-Pole Nd-Fe-B Magnets....Pages 765-778 New Design of a Hybrid Stepping Motor Using Nd-Fe-B Permanent Magnets....Pages 779-780 FeNdB for Slotless, Brushless D.C. Machines....Pages 781-784 The Role of Neodymium-Iron-Boron in Relation to Other Materials for Permanent Magnet Machines with Embedded Rotor Magnets....Pages 785-801 Summary of Discussions: Rotating Machines....Pages 803-803 NdFeB Magnets: A Novel Magnetic Design for the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (E.C.R.I.S.)....Pages 807-817 Permanent Magnet System for Magnetic Resonance Imaging....Pages 818-831 Summary of Discussions: Static Permanent Magnet Devices....Pages 833-833 Back Matter....Pages 835-928