Conceptual modeling for new information systems technologies : ER 2001 workshops : HUMACS, DASWIS, ECOMO, and DAMA, Yokohama, Japan, November 27-30, 2001 : revised papers

The Objective Of The Workshops Associated With Er 2001, The 20th International Con- Rence On Conceptual Modeling, Was To Give Participants The Opportunity To Present And Discuss Emerging Hot Topics, Thus Adding New Perspectives To Conceptual Modeling. This, The 20th Er Conference, The ?rst Of The 21st Century, Was Also The ?rst One In Japan. The Conference Was Held On November 27-30, 2001 At Yokohama National University With 192 Participants From 31 Countries. Er 2001 Encompasses The Entire Spectrum Of C- Ceptual Modeling, From Theoretical Aspects To Implementations, Including Fundamentals, Applications, And Software Engineering. In Particular, Er 2001 Emphasized E-business And Reengineering. To Meet This Objective, We Selected The Following Four Topics And Planned Four International Workshops: – International Workshop On Conceptual Modeling Of Human/organizational/social Aspects Of Manufacturing Activities (humacs 2001) Manufacturing Enterprises Have To Confront A Host Of Demands. The Competitive Climate, Enhanced By Communication And Knowledge Sharing, Will Require Incr- Singly Rapid Responses To Market Forces. Customer Demands For Higher Quality, Better Services, And Lower Cost Will Force Manufacturers To Reach New Levels Of ?exibility And Adaptability. Sophisticated Customers Will Demand Products Customized To Meet Their Needs. Industries Have So Far Sought To Cope With These Challenges Primarily Through Advances In Traditional Capital By Installing More Powerful Hardware And Software Technology. Attention To The Role Of Humans Combined With Organizational And Social Schemes In Manufacturing Has Only Been Marginal. The Workshop Humacs 2001 Aimed To Challenge The Relevance Of This Last Point. Humacs 2001 -- Participation: The Key To Intelligent Manufacturing Improvement -- Challenges In Dealing With Human Factors Issues In Manufacturing Activities -- Extracting E-r Models From Collaboration Analysis Methods, Mcm, And Clm -- Living Manufacturing Systems With Living Organizations -- A Study On Human-centric Real-time Scheduling For Pwb Assembly Line -- The E/s Tool It-support For Ergonomic And Sociotechnical System Design -- Construction Of Virtual Working Environment And Evaluation Of The Workers -- Human Models And Data In The Ubiquitous Information Infrastructure -- Motion Simulation Of The Human Workers For The Integrated Computer-aided Manufacturing Process Simulation Based On Info-ergonomics Concept -- Human-body Motion Simulation Using Bone-based Human Model And Construction Of Motion Database -- Ontological Commitment For Participative Simulation -- Dynamic Management Architecture For Human Oriented Production System -- Daswis 2001 --^ Geocosm: A Semantics-based Approach For Information Integration Of Geospatial Data -- Imposing Modeling Rules On Industrial Applications Through Meta-modeling -- Modelling Ubiquitous Web Applications - The Wuml Approach -- Structuring Web Sites Using Audience Class Hierarchies -- On The Automatic Extraction Of Data From The Hidden Web -- Midas/bd: A Methodological Framework For Web Database Design -- Translating Xquery Into Xslt -- Web Site Evaluation: Methodology And Case Study -- Automatic Web Information Extraction In The Roadrunner System -- Querying Relational Databases Without Explicit Joins -- Nf-ss: A Normal Form For Semistructured Schema -- A Formal Analysis Of The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol -- An Xml Document Retrieval System Supporting Structure- And Content-based Queries -- Extraction Of Partial Xml Documents Using Ir-based Structure And Contents Analysis -- Xdoc-wfms: A Framework For Document Centric Workflow Management System -- Ecomo 2001 --^ Active Xml Schemas -- Behavior Abstraction In Semantic B2b Integration -- Oil Ontologies For Collaborative Task Performance In Coalitions Of Self-interested Actors -- A Multi-perspective Methodology For Modelling Inter-enterprise Business Processes -- Process Patterns To Generate E-commerce Systems -- Formalising Feasibility And Correctness Of Distributed Business Processes -- Modeling Products For Versatile E-commerce Platforms — Essential Requirements And Generic Design Alternatives -- Seamless Personalization Of E-commerce Applications -- Discovery Of User Preference Through Genetic Algorithm And Bayesian Categorization For Recommendation -- Dama 2001 -- Using The Quantum Data Model To Develop Shareable Definitions. Hiroshi Arisawa ... [et Al.] (eds.) Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Conceptual Modeling for New Information Systems Technologies Preface HUMACS 2001 Workshop Organization DASWIS 2001 Workshop Organization eCOMO 2001 Workshop Organization DAMA 2001 Workshop Organization Table of Contents Participation: The Key to Intelligent Manufacturing Improvement Introduction Participation and Simulation Participative Simulation Intellectual Capital Management in Assembly Operations Objectives, Significance, and Benefits of PSIM First Results from a Test Conclusions and Recommendations References Challenges in Dealing with Human Factors Issues in Manufacturing Activities Introduction What Is Human Factors? Topics on Human Factors in Manufacturing Activities Human Error and Safety Ironic Aspects of Automation Effective Allocation of Work between Humans and Machines Human-Centered Manufacturing Systems Significance of Organizational Knowledge Creation HUMACS Project and Its Significance What Is HUMACS? Project Outline Significance of HUMACS Expectation to Future Development References Extracting E-R Models from Collaboration Analysis Methods, MCM, and CLM 1. Introduction 2. Related Works around MCM and CLM 3. Multi-context Map 4. Collaborative Linkage Map 5. E-R Models 5.1 Entities 5.2 Relationships 5.3 E-R Diagram 6. Process of Extracting E-R Models from MCM and CLM 7. A Practical Example of the Extraction 8. Conclusion References Living Manufacturing Systems with Living Organizations Introduction Concept of System Construction – Harmonized Autonomous Decentralized Systems – Definition of Terms Why Autonomous Decentralized System? Human Factors Definition and Relationship with Manufacturing Systems Human Factors Requirements Example of Manufacturing Information Systems Storage Line Control System between Painting and Assembly Processes[6] Evaluation from the View Point of Human Factors Human-Factors Centered Organizational Model Conclusion References A Study on Human-Centric Real-Time Scheduling for PWB Assembly Line Introduction Visualization of Change-over Activities The Background Steps for Evaluation and Implementation Evaluations of the External Change-over IDEF0 Analysis Process Flow by IDEF3 Simulations and Analysis of the External Change-over Introducing of a Real-Time Scheduling System The System Overview Models for Real-Time Scheduling Conclusions References The E/S Tool IT-Support for Ergonomic and Sociotechnical System Design 1. Introduction 2. The E/S Tool: The Combination of Ergonomics and Sociotechnics 3. The Procedure of the E/S Tool 4. The Test of the Paper and Pencil Version of the E/S Tool 5. The IT Demo Version of the E/S Tool 6. The ERGO Modules 7. The Sociotechnical Module 8. Conclusions and Next Steps References Construction of Virtual Working Environment and Evaluation of the Workers 1 Introduction – The Transition of Work Style – 2 Theoretical Basis 3 Method 3.1 Task Analysis 3.2 Psycho-Physiological Evaluation 4 Experiment 5 Method of Experiment 5.1 Environment of Experiment – Construction of Virtual WorkingEnvironment – 5.2 Psycho-Physiological Evaluation 6 Results 6.1 ”High Interaction and High Autonomy” Worker 6.2 “Low Interaction and High Autonomy” Worker 7 Discussion 7.1 ”Low Interaction and Low Autonomy” Worker 7.2 “High Interaction and High Autonomy” Worker 7.3 ”Low Interaction and High Autonomy” Worker 8 Conclusion – A Suggestion for Design of Work Place – 9 Further Research References Human Models and Data in the Ubiquitous Information Infrastructure Introduction From Information Islands to Ubiquitous Connectivity Problem Sketch Predominant Human Models Shift of Scope for Enterprise Information Systems Requirements for a HDMS Consistency of Model Instances Broad and Narrow Scoped Models Scope Sensitive Data Management Data Protection and Privacy Architecture of the HDMS Concepts Conceptual Architecture A Basic Human Data Management Service Replication and the Publisher / Subscriber Pattern Data Protection at Work Illustration and Discussion Illustration Discussion Conclusion and Future Work References Motion Simulation of the Human Workers for the Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing Process Simulation Based on Info-Ergonomics Concept Introduction Info-Ergonomics Concept of Info-Ergonomics Info-Ergonomics for Factory Workers' Motion Simulation The Human Body/Motion Modeling Based on the ``Mediator'' Concept Introduction of ``Mediator'' Creation of Mediator from a Hub Info-Ergonomics Database Based on the Human Body/Motion Database Objectives of Human Body/Motion Database Realization of a Database of Body Shape and Motion Based on Mediator Consideration about Flexible Query of Motion Info-Ergonomics Simulation Info-Ergonomics Simulation System Concluding Remarks References Human-Body Motion Simulation Using Bone-Based Human Model and Construction of Motion Database Introduction Real World Database Info-Ergonomics Modeling Info-Ergonomics The Human Body and Motion Modeling Simulation with Precise Human Mockup Objectives of Precise Human Modeling Bone-Based Human Model Modeling and Schematization of Bone-Based Human Mockup Design and Realization of a Simulation System Motion Data Convert System and Motion Database Motion Simulation Conclusion References Ontological Commitment for Participative Simulation Introduction Ontological Commitment and Knowledge-Creation Ontological Commitments Applying Piecemeal Ontological Commitment Ontological Commitments for PSIM Heraclitus’ Flow and GERAM’s Enterprise Entity Life-Cycle Plato’s Principle of Continuant and Occurrent Plato’s Form and CIMOSA’s Generic, Partial, and Particular Models Peirce’s Principle of Semiotics The Ontology Library The Kernel Proper or a Generic Ontology Enterprise Operations Improvement and Renewal Procedure Task Analysis in Ergonomy Deploying the Ontology Library A Simple Enterprise Ontology with Operations and Improvements Translation Layer with Ergonomic Concepts Ontological-Commitment-Based Navigation Conclusion and Future Work References Dynamic Management Architecture for Human Oriented Production System Introduction Architecture of a Human Oriented Production System Dynamic Scheduling Considering Human Features Case Studies Conclusion References GeoCosm: A Semantics-Based Approach for Information Integration of Geospatial Data 1 Introduction 2 Motivation 3 Information Integration Approach 3.1 Metadata Management 3.1.1 Spatio-Temporal Semantic Model 3.1.2 Ontology 3.1.3 Geospatial Metadata 3.2 Query Plan Generation 4 Architecture 5 GeoCosm: A Web-Based Prototype 6 Related Work 7 Conclusions References Imposing Modeling Rules on Industrial Applications through Meta-modeling 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Modeling Formalisms 2.2 Representation 3 A Meta-modeling Approach 3.1 The Modeling Problem 3.2 An Example 3.3 Mathematical Representation 3.4 Defining Consistency 3.5 Comparison to Patterns 4 Persistent Representation and Information Exchange 4.1 Schema 4.2 Document 5 Conclusion References Modelling Ubiquitous Web Applications – The WUML Approach 1 Introduction 2 Customisation – The Notion and the Issues 3 The WUML Approach to Customisation Design 4 Customisation Model 4.1 Context Model 4.2 Profile Model 4.3 Rule Model 4.4 Event Model 5 Customisation Notation 5.1 Notation for Specifying Customisation Hooks 5.2 Notation for Specifying Customisation Rules 5.3 Notation for Specifying Customisation Rule Patterns 6 Tool Support for Customisation 7 Outlook References Structuring Web Sites Using Audience Class Hierarchies Introduction WSDM: An Overview Audience Classes and Subclasses Different Subclass Hierarchies Navigational Design Mapping Audience Class Hierarchies into Navigation Tracks Conclusions References On the Automatic Extraction of Data from the Hidden Web Introduction Issues in Automatic Form Filling Related Work Outline Automated Form Filling Query Submission Plan Stratified Sampling Phase Exhaustive Phase Processing a Query Response Page Filtering Duplicate Records Conclusion References MIDAS/BD: A Methodological Framework for Web Database Design Introduction Overview of MIDAS Web Database Design Web Hypertext Phase Web Database Phase A Case of Study Conclusions and Future Work References Translating XQuery into XSLT Introduction XQuery versus XSLT: Comparison Overview of XQuery Translation and Execution Preprocessing Applying the Query Postprocessing XQ2XSL: Query Translation Process Parse Tree Generation Parse Tree Translation Transition Rules for Selected Parse Tree Nodes Conclusion References Web Site Evaluation: Methodology and Case Study Introduction Quality Features for Web Sites General Analysis Specific Analysis A Case Study: Evaluation of the Web Sites of the Italian Government Discussion References Automatic Web Information Extraction in the ROADRUNNER System Introduction Overview Supervised Grammar Inference Our Approach The Wrapper Generation Algorithm The ROADRUNNER System Architecture The Aligner The Classifier The Expander The Labeler References Querying Relational Databases without Explicit Joins* Introduction Semantic Capture Process Global Dictionary Definition Semantic Names X-Specs Semantic View Construction Query Processing Enumerating Semantic Names Attribute and Relation Selection Determining Join Conditions Graphically Guiding the User during Query Generation Generation and Execution of SQL Queries Related Work Future Work and Conclusions References NF-SS: A Normal Form for Semistructured Schema 1. Introduction 2. Motivating Example 3. A Normal Form for Semistructured Schema (NF-SS) 3.1 Semistructured Schema (D) and Data Tree (T) 3.2 Extended Functional Dependency (EFD) and Key Constraints Extended Functional Dependency (EFD) Key Constraints 3.3 NF-SS: Normal Form for Semistructured Schemata 4. Designing Semistructured Schema in NF-SS 4.1 Normalization Rules 4.2 Restructuring Algorithm 4.3 Discussion 5. Related Works 6. Conclusion References A Formal Analysis of the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Introduction LDAP Directory Model General Model Logical Framework Containment of LDAP Queries Schema Integrity Constraints in LDAP Related Work Conclusion References An XML Document Retrieval System Supporting Structure- and Content-Based Queries Introduction Related Work Structure-and Content-Based XML Document Retrieval System Indexing Based on Document Structure Indexing Based on Image Content Low-Level Storage Manager Keyword Index Structure Structure Index Structure Index Structure for Content-Based Retrieval Unified Retrieval User Interface Implementation and Performance Analysis Conclusions References Extraction of Partial XML Documents Using IR-Based Structure and Contents Analysis Introduction Related Work XPath Data Model Identification of Candidate XML Contextual Partial Documents Manual Analysis of DTDs Automatic Identification of Context Nodes Experimental Evaluation of Partial Document Extraction in the Vector Space Model Our Retrieval System Setup Reference Collection Preliminary Experimental Results Conclusion References XDoC-WFMS: A Framework for Document Centric Workflow Management System Introduction Contributions and Organization of the Paper Concepts, Terminology, and Specification Architecture of XDoC-WFMS Example Execution Model Architecture of Workflow Coordinator The Workflow Execution Algorithm Discussion Related Work Conclusion References Active XML Schemas 1 Introduction 2 Active Extension of XML Schema 2.1 Passive Behavior 2.2 Event Types and Event Classes 2.3 Import and Export of Event Classes 2.4 Rules 3 Advanced Concepts 3.1 Event Timestamps 3.2 Scheduling Events 3.3 Logical Events 3.4 Exception Rules 4 Managing Active XML Schemas 4.1 Reactive Service 4.2 Communication Transparency 4.3 Event Source Transparency References Behavior Abstraction in Semantic B2B Integration 1 Introduction 2 Requirements for a Public Process Model 2.1 Message Types 2.2 Message Patterns 2.3 Public Processes 2.4 Control Flow in Public Processes 2.5 Order Preservation, Correlation, and Duplicate Detection 3 Advanced Model for Public Processes 3.1 Messages 3.2 Activities 3.3 Control Flow 3.4 Data Flow 3.5 Execution Model 4 Related Work References OIL Ontologies for Collaborative Task Performance in Coalitions of Self-Interested Actors 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Motivating Example 4 Task Model 5 Arrangement Phase 6 Task and Negotiation Ontologies 7 Conclusions and Future Work References A Multi-perspective Methodology for Modelling Inter-enterprise Business Processes Introduction The Methodology of Agent-Oriented Modelling The Modelling Process Analysis of the Problem Domain by i* Design by Agent-Object-Relationship Modelling Related Work Conclusions and Future Work References Process Patterns to Generate E-commerce Systems 1 Introduction 2 Related Research and Conceptual Framework 3 Generic Process Patterns 3.1 Economic Resource Requesting Diagram (ERRD) 3.2 Economic Resource Offering Diagram (EROD) 3.3 Providability Checking Diagram (PCD) 3.4 Counter Offer Diagram (COD) 3.5. Process Model 4 A Designer Assistant 4.1 Phase 1 - Business Model 4.2 Phase 2 - Economic Event Order (EEO) 4.2.1 Reservation and Booking 4.3 Phase 3 - Process Order 4.4 Phase 4 - Mapping Process Order to BML Process Model Concluding Remarks References Formalising Feasibility and Correctness of Distributed Business Processes Introduction Modelling Products Descriptive Production Modelling Production Cell Production Operations Production Operations: Feasibility Production Operations: Execution Production Operations: Concurrency Production Processes Prescriptive Production Modelling Relating Descriptive and Prescriptive Models Conclusions References Modeling Products for Versatile E-commerce Platforms – Essential Requirements and Generic Design Alternatives Introduction Requirements and State of the Art Solutions Levels of Abstraction Instantiation, Specialization, and Re-use Layers in Common Software Architectures Three Prototypical Design Alternatives Emphasis on Versatile Definitions of Product Types and Configurations Emphasis on Re-use Compromising Flexibility for Re-usability: A Pragmatic Approach Conclusions and Future Work References Seamless Personalization of E-commerce Applications 1 Introduction 2 Our View of E-commerce Applications 3 Modeling and Design of Personalized Applications 4 An Example 5 Separating Personalization Concerns 5.1 Personalizer Wrappers 5.2 Rule Objects 5.3 Dealing with Evolving User Profiles 5.4 Putting All Pieces Together 6 Conclusions and Further Work References Discovery of User Preference through Genetic Algorithm and Bayesian Categorization for Recommendation 1 Introduction 2 System Overview 3 Content Based Filtering 3.1 Feature Selection 3.2 Categorizing Item Using Naïve Bayes Classifier 4 Collaborative Filtering 4.1 Optimal User Clustering 4.2 Generating Group Profile 4.3 Discovery of User Preference 5 Evaluation 6 Conclusions References Using the Quantum Data Model to Develop Shareable Definitions Introduction Technical Development Driven by Necessity What Is the Quantum Data Model? What Is New about It? Why Was This Development Necessary? Key Features of CBML Characteristics History, Projection, and Competing Versions Complex Characteristics Categorisation Entity Class Sets Designation Scheme Comparison with Other Languages Why Not Use ER? Why Not Use UML ? Why Not Use ORM ? Why Is CBML Better ? Data Standardisation in a Large Enterprise Legacy Models CBML Models Case Study Development of Conceptual Schema for a Business Area Development of Conceptual Schema for a Legacy System Enterprise Model Conclusion References Author Index