Computing Essentials 2021

Cover Half Title The OLeary Series Title Copyright Dedication Brief Contents Contents New to Computing Essentials 2021 Preface Visual Learning Unique Content Unique End of Chapter Discussion Materials Reinforcing Key Concepts The Future of Information Technology Connect Simnet Acknowledgments About the Authors Half Title Information Technology, the Internet, and You Introduction Information Systems People Software System Software Application Software Making IT work for you: Free Antivirus Program Hardware Types of Computers Cell Phones Personal Computer Hardware Data Connectivity and the Mobile Internet Careers in IT A Look to the Future: Using and Understanding Information Technology Visual Summary Key Terms Multiple Choice Matching Open-Ended Discussion The Internet, the Web, and Electronic Commerce Introduction The Internet and the Web Making IT work for you:Online Entertainment Internet Access Providers Browsers Web Utilities Filters File Transfer Utilities Internet Security Suites Communication Social Networking Blogs, Microblogs, Podcasts, and Wikis Messaging E-mail Search Tools Search Engines Content Evaluation Electronic Commerce Security Cloud Computing The Internet of Things Careers in IT A Look to the Future: Home Smart Home Visual Summary Key Terms Multiple Choice Matching Open-Ended Discussion Application Software Introduction Application Software User Interface Common Features General-Purpose Applications Word Processors Spreadsheets Presentation Software Database Management Systems Specialized Applications Graphics Programs Video Game Design Software Web Authoring Programs Other Specialized Applications Mobile Apps Apps App Stores Software Suites Office Suites Cloud Computing Specialized and Utility Suites Careers in IT Making IT work for you: Cloud Office Suites A Look to the Future: VR and AR Applications in the Workplace Visual Summary Key Terms Multiple Choice Matching Open-Ended Discussion System Software Introduction System Software Operating Systems Functions Features Categories Mobile Operating Systems Desktop Operating Systems Windows macOS UNIX and Linux Virtualization Utilities Making IT work for you:Virtual Assistant Operating System Utilities Utility Suites Careers in IT A Look to the Future: Making Better Computers by Making Them More Human Visual Summary Key Terms Multiple Choice Matching Open-Ended Discussion The System Unit Introduction System Unit Smartphones Tablets Laptops Desktops Making IT work for you:Gaming Wearable Computers Components System Board Microprocessor Microprocessor Chips Specialty Processors Memory RAM ROM Flash Memory Expansion Cards and Slots Bus Lines Expansion Buses Ports Standard Ports Specialized Ports Cables Power Supply Electronic Data and Instructions Numeric Representation Character Encoding Careers in IT A Look to the Future: Brain–Computer Interfaces Visual Summary Key Terms Multiple Choice Matching Open-Ended Discussion Input and Output Introduction What Is Input? Keyboard Entry Keyboards Pointing Devices Touch Screen Mouse Game Controllers Scanning Devices Optical Scanners Card Readers Bar Code Readers RFID Readers Character and Mark Recognition Devices Image Capturing Devices Digital Cameras Webcams Audio-Input Devices Voice Recognition Systems What Is Output? Monitors Features Flat-Panel Monitors E-book Readers Other Monitors Printers Features Inkjet Printers Laser Printers Other Printers Audio-Output Devices Combination Input and Output Devices Headsets Multifunctional Devices Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays and Controllers Drones Making IT work for you: Headphones Robots Ergonomics Portable Computers Careers in IT A Look to the Future: The Internet of Things Visual Summary Key Terms Multiple Choice Matching Open-Ended Discussion Secondary Storage Introduction Storage Solid-State Storage Solid-State Drives Flash Memory Cards USB Drives Hard Disks Internal Hard Disks External Hard Disks Network Drives Performance Enhancements Optical Discs Cloud Storage Making IT work for you:Cloud Storage Mass Storage Devices Enterprise Storage System Storage Area Network Careers in IT A Look to the Future: Next-Generation Storage Visual Summary Key Terms Multiple Choice Matching Open-Ended Discussion Communications and Networks Introduction Communications Connectivity The Wireless Revolution Communication Systems Communication Channels Wireless Connections Physical Connections Connection Devices Modems Connection Service Making IT work for you:The Mobile Office Data Transmission Bandwidth Protocols Networks Terms Network Types Local Area Networks Home Networks Wireless LAN Personal Area Network Metropolitan Area Networks Wide Area Networks Network Architecture Topologies Strategies Organizational Networks Internet Technologies Network Security Careers in IT A Look to the Future: Telepresence Lets You Be There without Actually Being There Visual Summary 205 Key Terms Multiple Choice Matching Open-Ended Discussion Privacy, Security, and Ethics Introduction People Privacy Big Data Private Networks The Internet and the Web Online Identity Major Laws on Privacy Security Cybercrime Social Engineering Malicious Software Malicious Hardware Measures to Protect Computer Security Making IT work for you:Security and Technology Ethics Cyberbullying Copyright and Digital Rights Management Plagiarism Careers in IT A Look to the Future: End of Anonymity Visual Summary Key Terms Multiple Choice Matching Open-Ended Discussion Information Systems Introduction Organizational Information Flow Functions Management Levels Information Flow Computer-Based Information Systems Transaction Processing Systems Management Information Systems Decision Support Systems Executive Support Systems Other Information Systems Expert Systems Careers in IT A Look to the Future: IBM’s Watson: The Ultimate Information-Finding Machine Visual Summary Key Terms Multiple Choice Matching Open-Ended Discussion Databases Introduction Data Data Organization Key Field Batch versus Real-Time Processing Databases Need for Databases Database Management DBMS Structure Hierarchical Database Network Database Relational Database Multidimensional Database Object-Oriented Database Types of Databases Individual Company Distributed Commercial Database Uses and Issues Strategic Uses Security Careers in IT A Look to the Future: The Future of Crime Databases Visual Summary Key Terms Multiple Choice Matching Open-Ended Discussion Systems Analysis and Design Introduction Systems Analysis and Design Phase 1: Preliminary Investigation Defining the Problem Suggesting Alternative Systems Preparing a Short Report Phase 2: Systems Analysis Gathering Data Analyzing the Data Documenting Systems Analysis Phase 3: Systems Design Designing Alternative Systems Selecting the Best System Writing the Systems Design Report Phase 4: Systems Development Acquiring Software Acquiring Hardware Testing the New System Phase 5: Systems Implementation Types of Conversion Training Phase 6: Systems Maintenance Prototyping and Rapid ApplicationsDevelopment Prototyping Rapid Applications Development Careers in IT A Look to the Future: The Challenge of Keeping Pace Visual Summary Key Terms Multiple Choice Matching Open-Ended Discussion Programming and Languages Introduction Programs and Programming What Is a Program? What Is Programming? Step 1: Program Specification Program Objectives Desired Output Input Data Processing Requirements Program Specifications Document Step 2: Program Design Top-Down Program Design Pseudocode Flowcharts Logic Structures Step 3: Program Code The Good Program Coding Step 4: Program Test Syntax Errors Logic Errors Testing Process Step 5: Program Documentation Step 6: Program Maintenance Operations Changing Needs CASE and OOP CASE Tools Object-Oriented Software Development Generations of Programming Languages Machine Languages: The First Generation Assembly Languages: The Second Generation High-Level Procedural Languages: The Third Generation Task-Oriented Languages: The Fourth Generation Problem and Constraint Languages: The Fifth Generation Careers in IT A Look to the Future: Your Own Programmable Robot Visual Summary Key Terms Multiple Choice Matching Open-Ended Discussion The Evolution of the Computer Age The Computer Buyer’s Guide Glossary Index The rate of change in the digital information age is clearly increasing, and computer literacy is becoming a prerequisite. The goal of the 28th edition of Computing Essentials is to provide students with an introductory understanding of the concepts necessary for success and to instill an appreciation for the effect of information technology on people, privacy, ethics, and our environment. Today's students put much effort toward the things that are relevant to them, yet it is sometimes difficult to engage them in other equally important topics like personal privacy and technological advances. Each chapter highlights a most promising career in ITincluding webmaster, software engineer, and database administratorby presenting job titles, responsibilities, educational requirements, and salary ranges. Students see the material relate directly to potential career paths. Each chapter describes how its content is relevant to students' lives today and critical to their future. Each chapter presents practical tips related to key concepts through the demonstration of interesting and relevant applications. Topics presented focus first on outputs rather than processes and then dive into the concepts and processes. Motivation and relevance are the keys. This text has several features specifically designed to engage and demonstrate the relevance of technology in our lives. These elements are combined with thorough coverage of the concepts and sound pedagogical devices. The text uses graphics to reinforce key concepts and offers unique features and benefits found in few other texts: Making IT Work for You addresses topics and discussion questions that cover issues like online entertainment, gaming, virtual assistants, and the mobile office. Look to the Future boxes in each chapter have been revised to show that the expected breakthroughs of tomorrow are rooted in today's advances. Why Should I Read This? sections present a visually engaging and concise presentation of the chapter's relevance to the reader's life in the digital world. Visual summaries review major concepts covered throughout the chapter. Environment marginal boxes cover topics like plagiarism, editing images to promote a message, and the use of monitoring software. Privacy marginal boxes cover topics like protecting personal information on a free Wi-Fi network or disposing of an outdated computer to help students think critically and communicate effectively. Ethics marginal boxes cover related technologies and topics like proper disposal of older monitors, empty inkjet cartridges, and old computers. Concept Check segments cue students to note which topics have been covered and to self-test their understanding of the material presented. Brief discussions at the close of each chapter address recent technological advancements related to the chapter material. A test bank with more than 2,200 questions is categorized by level of learning. Using IT at MoviesOnline, a case study of a fictitious organization, provides an up-close look at what students might find on the job in the real world. New to This Edition Every chapter's Making IT Work for You, Privacy, Ethics, and Environment features have been carefully reevaluated, enhanced, or replaced. Every chapters Look to the Future feature has been revised to show that tomorrow's expected breakthroughs are rooted in today's advances. Expanded coverage includes Web 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0; social media; Windows 10; VR hardware; cloud storage; cybersecurity; drones and robotics; and gaming. Updated and expanded descriptions of programming languages highlight popular choices.