Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture IV: 4th IFIP TC 12 Conference, CCTA 2010, Nanchang, China, October 22-25, 2010, Selected Papers, ... and Communication Technology, 344)

This book constitutes Part I of the refereed four-volume post-conference proceedings of the 4th IFIP TC 12 International Conference on Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture, CCTA 2010, held in Nanchang, China, in October 2010. The 352 revised papers presented were carefully selected from numerous submissions. They cover a wide range of interesting theories and applications of information technology in agriculture, including simulation models and decision-support systems for agricultural production, agricultural product quality testing, traceability and e-commerce technology, the application of information and communication technology in agriculture, and universal information service technology and service systems development in rural areas. Title Page Preface Conference Organization Table of Contents – Part I 3-D Turbulence Numerical Simulation for the Flow Field of Suction Cylinder-Seeder with Socket-Slots Introduction Principle of Suction Cylinder-Seeder Numerical Simulation Physical Model Flow Equations Boundary Condition Simulation Results and Analyses Conclusions Experimental Material Experimental Procedures Experimental Factor Experimental Plan and Results Conclusions References An Architecture for the Agricultural Machinery Intelligent Scheduling in Cross-Regional Work Based on Cloud Computing and Internet of Things Introduction Functions Architecture Design Design of Overall Information Network Architecture Design of Information Service System Design of Communication Lines and Monitoring Front-End Machine Carrying Design of Intelligent Scheduling of Agricultural Machinery Cross-Regional Working References A Comparative Study of Modified Materials of Acetylcholinesterase Biosensor Introduction Experimental Apparatus Reagents Preparation of AChE Biosensors Electrochemical Detection of Pesticide Result and Discussion Electrochemical Behavior of AChE-MWCNTs/GCE, AChE-AuNPs/GCE and AChE-PB/GCE Effect of Phosphate Buffer pH on AChE-MWCNTs/GCE, AChE-AuNPs/GCE and AChE-PB/GCE Effect of ATChI Concentration on AChE-MWCNTs /GCE, AChE-AuNPs /GCE and AChE-PB/GCE Effect of Incubation Time on Inhibition Determination of Pesticides Precision of Measurements and Stability of Biosensor Conclusion References A Detection Method of Rice Process Quality Based on the Color and BP Neural Network Introduction Materials and Methods Rice Samples Computer Vision System Rice Image Processing Color Extraction Color Conversion The Identification Method of Rice Process Quality Results and Discussion Obtain the Images of Rice Samples Rice Image Processing Extract the Color Feature Value of Rice Variation Rules of Color Feature Values Identification of Rice Process Quality Conclusions References A Digital Management System of Cow Diseases on Dairy Farm Introduction Design of the Digital Management System of Cow Diseases Implement and Function of the System Conclusion References A General Agriculture Mobile Service Platform Introduction Platform Design Client/Server Architecture Mobile Protocol Layer Web Service Composition User Interface Auto Generation Command Pattern Information Leaning Based on Personal Knowledge and Demand Implementations SMS and MMS Based Communication Protocol Voice Service Client Software Developed with J2ME The 3 Layered Server End Software Web Service Composition with OWL-S Conclusions References A Halal and Quality Attributes Driven Animal Products Formal Producing System Based on HQESPNM Introduction Basic Concepts and Notations Stochastic Petri Net Place Expanding Petri Net (PePN) Halal and Quality Elements Extended SPN Model (HQESPNM) System Model System Architecture Design of $F$ in HQESPNM Overview of HQESPNM by Example Conclusion and Future Working References A Metadata Based Agricultural Universal Scientific and Technical Information Fusion and Service Framework Introduction Metadata and Metadata Standards Metadata and Information Fusion The Agriculture Information Resources Dataset Core Metadata Agriculture Information Resources Services Metadata Conclusion References A Method to Calibrate the Electromagnetic Tracking Instrument When Measuring Branches of Fruit Trees Introduction Materials and Methods Device Analysis of Error Error under the Magnetic Effects Calibration Method Experiment Result and Analysis Conclusion and Discussion References A Method of Deduplication for Data Remote Backup Introduction Architecture Implementation Evaluation Conclusion References A Localization Algorithm for Sparse-Anchored WSN in Agriculture Introduction Theoretical Background Localization Algorithm Sparse-Anchored Localization Algorithm Experimental Results Conclusion References A New Method of Transductive SVM-Based Network Intrusion Detection Introduction The Improvement of Transductive Support Vector Machine Unconstraint Problem Smooth Unconstraint Problem Smooth Unconstraint Problem with Kernel Conclusion:Improvement of TSVM New Method on Network Intrusion Detection Simulated Annealing Algorithm Network Intrusion Detection Conclusion and Perspective References Design and Simulation of Jujube Sapling Transplanter Introduction Features and Requirement Working Principles and Structure Design of Jujube Transplanter Working Principle Design of Structure PROE Simulation Model and Structure Parameter Trajectory Analysis of Sapling Conclusions References A Precision Subsidy Management System for Strawberry Planting in ChangPing District of BeiJing Introduction System Analysis and Design Requirement Analysis System Structure The Major Business Process The Key Technology System Implementation Management Subsystem Store Subsystem Leader View Subsystem The Practical Application Conclusion References A Semantic Search Engine Based on SKOS Model Ontology in Agriculture Introduction Agriculture Ontology System Architecture Webpage Retrieval Information Preprocess Query Interface Key Algorithms Ontology Oriented Theme Relevance Algorithm Improvement of PageRak Tests on Algorithms and Using Scenarios of System Tests on Algorithms Scenarios of System Conclusion References A System for Detection and Recognition of Pests in Stored-Grain Based on Video Analysis Introduction Video Collection Subsystem Video Processing Subsystem Pest Detection Module Living Pest Counting Module Pests Recognition Module Conclusions References A Tabu Search Approach to Fuzzy Optimization of $Camellia Oleifera$ Fertilization Introduction Preliminaries A Fuzzy Fertilizer Response Model for $Camellia Oleifera$ A Tabu Search Algorithm for Finding Optimal Fertilization Solutions Conclusion References AgOnt: Ontology for Agriculture Internet of Things Introduction AgOnt Ontology Structure of the Ontology Querying on Agriculture Knowledge Base Based on AgOnt Ontology Related Work Conclusion and Future Work References Auto Recognition of Navigation Path for Harvest Robot Based on Machine Vision Introduction Materials and Methods Characteristics of the Orchard Environment Image Image Acquisition and Laboratory Equipment Identification of the Main Area Main Feature Point Extraction Navigation Path Line Detection Results and Analysis Conclusions References An Agricultural Tri-dimensional Pollution Data Management Platform Based on DNDC Model Introduction Platform Main Functions Distributed Data Submission and Management Module Submitted Data Centralized Management Assistant DNDC Module Key Technologies Distributed Heterogeneous Data Submission Technology Data Submission Item by Item or in Batch Technology Format Conversion Technology from Database to DNDC Model Storage DNDC Model Results to Database Technology System Function Management Mechanism Based on Role Technology Innovation Distributional Heterogeneous Agricultural Tri-dimensional Pollution Data Submission Technology Mutual Access Technology of DNDC Model Software and Database Conclusion References An Analysis on the Inter-annual Spatial and Temporal Variation of the Water Table Depth and Salinity in Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia, China Introduction Materials and Methods DWT Measurement and Water Samples Analysis Typical Years and Typical Irrigation Period Sampling Site Data and Processing Correlation Analysis Geo-statistical Method and Processing Results and Discussion Analysis of the Spatial Structure of DWT and Groundwater Salinity Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Variation of the DWT Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Distribution of the Groundwater Salinity Relationship between the Table Depth and Salinity of Groundwater Conclusions References An Efficient and Fast Algorithm for Mining Frequent Patterns on Multiple Biosequences Introduction Definitions and Concepts The Primary Patterns The Table of Primary Patterns Merging the Primary Pattern Tables The Primary Frequent Patterns Mining The Prefix Tree of Primary Patterns Aggregation Vector and Its Operations The Prefix Tree Construction of Primary Frequent Patterns Mining Algorithm The Generic Frequent Patterns Mining MSPM Algorithm Experimental Results and Analysis Test Data and Computational Environment Comparison of the Performance Comparison of the Computational Time Conclusion References An Inspection Method of Rice Milling Degree Based on Machine Vision and Gray-Gradient Co-occurrence Matrix Introduction Gray-Gradient Co-occurrence Matrix Detection Method The Detection of Rice Processing Accuracy Preparation of the Samples The Acquisition of Rice Image Rice Images Process Results and Discussion The Extraction for the Rice Samples of Different Precision Texture Feature Detection by Stepwise Discriminant Analysis of Rice Processing Accuracy Conclusions References An Intelligent Retrieval Platform for Distributional Agriculture Science and Technology Data Introduction The Architecture of the Intelligent Retrieval Platform of Distributional Agriculture Science and Technology Data The Logical Architecture of the Intelligent Retrieval Platform of Distributional Agriculture Science and Technology Data The Function Architecture of the Intelligent Retrieval Platform of Distributional Agriculture Science and Technology Data The Key Technology about Intelligent Retrieval of Distributional Agriculture Science and Technology Data The Integration Supporting Technology of Distributional Agriculture Science and Technology Data The Concept Expansion Retrieval Technology Based on Domain Ontology The Personalized Recommending Technology Based on User Model Application Case Conclusion References Analysis of Factors Influencing the Off-Farm Employment Based on the Method of PLS Introduction Sources and the Sample Characterization Figures Sample Characterization The Analysis of PLS Regression Accuracy Analysis Based on the PLS Regression The Analysis of the Correlation of the Dependent Variables and Independent Variables The Effect When Using Independent Variables to Explain the Dependent Variables The Discovery of the Specific Points Quality of the Data Reconstruction The Predictive Result of the Model Suggestions and Solutions References Analysis of Income Difference among Rural Residents in China Introduction Measurement of Income Difference Standard Deviation (S) Weighted Standard Deviation (Sw) Deviation (D) Gini Coefficient (G) Theil Index (T) Empirical Analysis Data Source Analysis of Absolute Difference Analysis of Relative Difference Discussion and Proposal References Analysis of Secretary Proteins in the Genome of the Plant Pathogenic Fungus $Botrytis Cinerea$ Materials and Methods Results and Analysis Discussion References Analysis of the Heat Transfer Performance of Vapor-Condenser during Vacuum Cooling Introduction Experimental Apparatus Theoretical Analysis of Heat Transfer in Cold Trap The Formation Mechanism of the Frost on the Surface of Vapor-Condenser Heat Transfer in Cold Trap Result and Discussion The Influence of the Frost Layer on Heat Transfer in Cold Trap The Influence of Temperature of Cold Trap on the Capturing Efficiency The Influence of Vacuum Pressure on Heat Transfer in Cold Trap Conclusion References Analysis on Dynamic Characteristics of Landscape Patterns in Hailer and around Areas Introduction Material and Method Survey Region Overview Remote Sensing Data Analysis Selection of Landscape Indicators Land Utilization Conversion Ratio Calculation Results Analysis Land Utilization Conversion Ratio Calculation Landscape Type Area Percent Conversion Landscape Type Spatial Transformation Single Landscape Type Analysis Conclusions and Discussion Meadow Steppe Self Ecology Recovery Function Is Limited Jamming Is the Key Factor in Grassland Vegetation Degeneration The Urbanization Level Increased and Economy Development Pattern Changed from Extensive Pattern to Intensive Urbanization Pattern References Application and Demonstration of Digital Maize Planting and Management System Introduction Brief Introduction of System System Optimality and Simplification Application Case in Dingxing County, Hebei Province Design of Experiment Yield Comparison Conclusion References Implement of Fuzzy Control for Greenhouse Irrigation Introduction Materials and Methods Overall Design of Irrigation Control System Design of Fuzzy Controllers The Realization of Methods of Fuzzy Control by MCU Results and Discussion Conclusions References Application of Background Information Database in Drought Monitoring of Guangxi in 2010 Introduction Materials and Methods Study Area Data Acquisition Data Processing Discussion and Conclusion References Application of Fuzzy Clustering Analysis in Classification of Soil in Qinghai and Heilongjiang of China Introduction Materials and Methods Samples Soil Samples Preparation and Measurements Fuzzy Clustering Analysis Data Analysis Results and Discussion T-Test of the Data Fuzzy Clustering Conclusions References Application of Molecular Imprinting Technique in Organophosphorus Pesticides Detection Introduction Materials and Methods Materials Polymer Preparation MISPE Protocol GC-MS Assay Results and Discussion Synthesis of Polymer Specificity of Polymer Determination of Pirimiphos-Methyl in Spiked Water Sample Conclusion References Assessing Rice Chlorophyll Content with Vegetation Indices from Hyperspectral Data Introduction Material and Method The Study Area Field Data Acquisition Vegetation Indices Used in the Study Weight Optimization Combination Method Result and Discussion Conclusion References Automated Extracting Tree Crown from Quickbird Stand Image Introduction Object Based Canopy and Gap Information Extracting Method Research Area and Data Implement and Results Conclusion and Discussions References Bayesian Networks Modeling for Crop Diseases Introduction Bayesian Networks Introduction Bayesian Networks Modeling Modeling Process Problem Description Establish Causal Relationships Table Determine Conditional Probability Tables Bayesian Network Implementation of Crop Disease Forecast System Based on Bayesian Network Conclusions References Characteristics of Soil Environment Variation in Oasis–Desert Ecotone in the Process of Oasis Growth Profile of Region of Interest Experimental Plot Selection and Index Measurement Measurement of Soil Moisture Sampling and Analysis of Soil Nutrient Analysis and Evaluation of Soil Nutrient Indexes Statistical Analysis Results and Analysis Differentiation Characteristics of Soil Moisture Comprehensive Variation Characteristics of Soil Nutrient Index Differentiation Characteristics of Soil Particle Size Discussion Summary References Chlorimuronethyl Resistance Selectable Marker Unsuited for the Transformation of Rice Blast Fungus $(Magnaporthe Grisea)$ Introduction Materials and Methods Fungal Strain and Cultural Conditions Transformation DNA Extraction and PCR Determination Results Discussion References Support Vector Machine to Monitor Greenhouse Plant with Gaussian Loss Function Introduction SVR Model of Solving Classification Problems The Original Optimization Problem and the Dual Problem The SVR Algorithm of Solving Classification Problems The Numerical Experiments The Application of SVR Classification Algorithm to the Environment Monitoring on the Greenhouse Plant Growth Objective Conditions and Advantages of SVM-Based Environment Monitoring of Greenhouse Plants The Application to Environment Monitoring of Celery Cultivation Conclusion References Classification Methods of Remote Sensing Image Based on Decision Tree Technologies Introduction Decision Tree Arithmetic Classify and Regression Tree (CART) C4.5 Basic Theory A New Technique Adopted in Decision Tree—Boosting Method Conclusion References Computer-Aided Design System Development of Fixed Water Distribution of Pipe Irrigation System Introduction Structure Design of Fixed Water Distribution Device with Round Table The Principle of Operation Design of the Structure Dimension Design of the Spring Flow Field Simulation of Fixed Water Distribution Device Simulation of the Flow Field Simulation Conclusion Computer Aided Design System of Fixed Water Distribution Device System Development Process Operation System Design Conclusions References Construction and Practice of Information Demonstration Area in Mentougou District of Beijing Introduction The Overview of Study Area Structure and Function of the System Natural Ecological Information Module Agricultural Production Information Module Special Products Trading Module Government Affair Management Module Implementing Scheme Data Acquisition and Processing Database Construction Network Platform Construction Function Actualization of System Conclusion and Prospect References Data Acquisition Method for Measuring Mycelium Growth of Microorganism with GIS Introduction Materials and Methods Application and Discussion Conclusion References Decision Support System for Quantitative Calculation of Crop Climatic Suitability in Hebei Province Underlying Principles of the System The Interpretation of Climate Suitability for Crops Model of Climate Suitability for Crops Introduction of System System Operating Environment System Structure System Function System Operating Procedures Characteristics of the System Conclusion References Delineation of Suitable Areas for Maize in China and Evaluation of Application for the Technique of Whole Plastic-Film Mulching on Double Ridges Introduction Methods Study Areas Procedures Results Discussion Conclusion References DEM Simulation and Analysis of Seeds Supply by the Vibrating Seed Box of Magnetic Cylinder Seeder Introduction Structure and Working Principle of Magnetic Cylinder Seeder Contact Force Model and Parameter Definition Simulation Results The Motion Law of Seeds Frequency Effect on Seed Supply Situation Conclusion References Design and Experiment of Onboard Field 3D Topography Surveying System Introduction System Analysis and Design System Implementation Design of Measuring Receiver The Option of GPS Receiver Controller Design of Hydraulic System Field Experiment Experiment Materials and Methods Experiment Results Conclusion References Implementation of Agro-environmental Information Service System Based on WebGIS Introduction System Design System Development Methodology System Development Platform The Implementation of the System System Structure The Data Arrangement Function Design Conclusions References Design and Implementation of Automatic Control System for Rice Seed Tape Winding Units Introduction Materials and Methods Working Principle of the Rice Seed Tape Twisting Machine Analysis of the Parameters of the Automatic Control System Working Principle of the Automatic Control System for Linear Velocity of the Seed Tape Results and Discussion Conclusions References Design and Implementation of Crop Potential Model System Based on GIS and Componentware Technology Introduction Data Source and Research Method Data Source Research Method Design of Model System System Architecture Design of Crop Potential Model Component System Implementation and Application System Implementation System Application Conclusion References Design and Realization of a VRGIS-Based Digital Agricultural Region Management System Introduction Design of System Design of System Structure Design of System Function System Realization Basal Data Disposal Construction of 3D Virtual Scene Alternation between Digital Map and Virtual Scene Change of Crop Landscape System Development System Application Discussion References Design and Simulation Analysis of Transplanter’s Planting Mechanism Introduction Kinematic Analysis of the Planting Mechanism Structure and Working Principle of Planting Mechanism Transplanter’s Planting Mechanism Kinematics Equations Virtual Prototype Model of the Planting Mechanism Kinematics Simulation Planting Mechanism’s Simulation in Different Structural Parameters The Simulation Results of Planting Mechanism Were Analyzed in Different Structural Parameters Conclusion References Design and Simulation for Bionic Mechanical Arm in Jujube Transplanter Introduction Working Principle and Structure Motion Mathematical Models Dynamic Simulation Analysis Virtual Prototype Design Based on Adams Kinematics and Dynamic Simulation Analysis Conclusions References Design for Real-Time Monitoring System of High Oxygen Modified Atmosphere Box of Vegetable and Fruit for Preservation Introduction Experimental Device of High Oxygen Modified Atmosphere Box Working Principle of High Oxygen Modified Atmosphere Box Data Acquisition System Experimental Debugging References Design of Agent-Based Agricultural Product Quality Control System Introduction Status and Analysis of the Study Design of Agent-Based Agricultural Product Quality Control System System Architecture Function Design of System Communication Language and Standard between Agents Cooperation among Multi-agent System System Development and Application Conclusion References Design of ETL Process on Spatio-temporal Data and Study of Quality Control Introduction Design of the ETL Process with Heterogeneous Data Sources Heterogeneous Data Sources Design of the ETL Process Data Quality Control The Missing or the Abnormal of Water Quality Data IWQPW Interpolation Dynamic Incremental Rule Engine Quality Control Strategy Experimental Design and Analysis Conclusion References Design of Fuzzy Drip Irrigation Control System Based on ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network Introduction System Hardware Design System Composition Drip Irrigation System Design ZigBee Wireless Network Node Design System Software Design Fuzzy Control Strategy Design Node Software Design PC Monitoring Software Design Application and Validation Conclusions References Design of Greenhouse Environmental Parameters Prediction System Introduction System Designing System Implementation MVC Architecture Access to Database Implementation of Functions Conclusion References Design of Limb for Parallel Mechanism Based on Screw Theory Introduction Structural Synthesis of the Constraint Screw on the Platform The Limb with Only One Twist The Limb with Two Twists The Limb with Three Twists The Limb with Only One Wrench The Limb with Two Wrenches The Limb with Three Wrenches The Limb with One Twist and One Wrench The Limb with Two Twists and One Wrench The Limb with One Twist and Two Wrenches Example of the Application Conclusions References Design of Non-Full Irrigation Management Information System of Hebei Province Based on GIS Introduction General Structure Design Database Design Irrigation Comprehensive Information Database Geographic Information Database Model Base Design Function Module Design GIS General Functions Professional Analysis Functions System Maintenance and Help Functions Conclusion References The Monitoring System of Water Environment Based on Overlay Network Technology Introduction Main Contributions Architecture Overlay Network Design Data Stream Processing Experiment Setup and Discussion Conclusion References Design of Rotary Root Stubble Digging Machine Based on Solidworks Introduction Characteristics of Solidworks Design Process of Rotary Root Stubble Digging Machine Using Solidworks Scheme Design Part Design$^[3-6]$ Assembly Design Interference Detection Generation of 2-D Engineering Drawings Conclusions References Design of the Network Platform Scheme Based on Comprehensive Information Sharing of Zigong City’s Characteristic Agriculture Introduction Zigong Characteristic Agriculture Status The Overall Design of Sharing Platform Scheme The Design of Network Topology The Design of Sharing Platform Scheme The Detailed Design Scheme Single Sign-On System The Independently Developing System Scheme Performance Analysis Network Performance Security Performance Conclusion References Detection of Surface Defects of Fruits Based on Fractal Dimension Introduction The Calculation of Fractal Dimension of Fruit Image The Traditional Method for the Calculation of ‘Box Dimension’ An Improved Method for the Calculation of ‘Box Dimension’ Detection of Surface Defects of Fruits Based on Fractal Dimension Detection of Surface Defects in Fuji Apple Fruits Conclusion and Discussion References Detection Technology for Precision Metering Performance of Magnetic-Type Seeder Based on Machine Vision Introduction Materials and Methods Seed The Vision Detection System Image Processing Seed Feature Extraction Results and Discussion Metering Precision Detection Conclusions References Determination of Cr, Zn, As and Pb in Soil by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Based on a Partial Least Square Regression Model Introduction Materials and Methods Sample Preparation XRF Spectra Collection Measurement of Heavy Metals by Standard Methods Data Analysis Results and Discussion Conclusion References Determination of Thermal Conductivity of Aloe in the Cooling and Thawing Process Introduction Materials and Methods Materials Method Results and Discussions Validation of Measurement System Measured Thermal Conductivities of Aloe in the Cooling and Thawing Process Conclusion References Development and Application of Computer Assisted Breeding System in Rabbit Breeding Farm Introduction Design of System Development Process Structural Analysis Design of Database Development Tools and Running Environment Function of System Input, Modify and Delete Breeding Rabbit Data Query, Analysis and Output Breeding Rabbit Data Assess and Rank Breeding Value Module to Maintain System Functions Test Run of System Advice and Discussion Strict Data Management Feedback of Running Information and Demand Change of the Software Is the Basis of Software Upgrade Enhance the Establishment of Internet-Based Networked Database References Development of a Web-Based Information Service Platform for Protected Crop Pests Introduction The Structure of the Information Service Platform The Web-Based Information Service Platform The Main Logical Algorithm of the Web-Based ISP The Construction of the Information Service Platform The Modules of the Web-Based ISP The Functions of the Web-Based ISP Conclusion and Discussion References Development of Dairy Cattle Registration and Herd Management System Introduction System Design System Design Object System Module Design Function of System Password and Permission Data Input, Validation and Transformation Image Acquisition, Call and Management Body Type Identification and Results Show Data Query, Collection and Output Notice of Daily Management Tasks Management of Transference, Mobilization and Elimination Semen Managing and Assisted Matching Maintenance and Help Popularization and Application References Development of the Information Management System for Monitoring Alien Invasive Species Introduction Designing of the System Environment for the System Development Structure of the System The Sun-System of Investigation Data Management The Sub-system of Real-Time Epidemic Reporting in New Extending Area Discussion The Superiority of the Platform The Development of the Platform References Discriminate of Moldy Chestnut Based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Feature Extraction by Fourier Transform Introduction Materials and Methods Sample Preparation Spectral Measurement Fourier Transform Back-Propagation Neural Network Results and Analysis Processing of NIR Data Fourier Feature Extraction of Chestnuts NIR Spectrum The BPNN Predicting Model Comparison with PCA Conclusions References Discrimination of Ca, Cu, Fe, and Na in Gannan Navel Orange by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Introduction Materials and Methods LIBS Experimental Setup Samples and Materials Results and Discussions Conclusions References Dynamic Modeling on Nitrogen Assignment in Tobacco Introduction Materials and Method Materials Field Experiments Measuring Method The Description of the Model The Description of the Absorption of Nitrogen by Roots The Description of the Distribution of Nitrogen The Model’s Exploration Tool and Operation Environment Verification of the Model Conclusion References Dynamic Study of Farmers’ Information Adoption in China Introduction Methodology Survey Analysis Conclusion References Estimation of the Number of Apples in Color Images Recorded in Orchards Introduction Problem Description and Challenges Apple Clusters and Leaf Occultation Shading Saturation Color Inference The Data Algorithm Description Step 1 - Apple Pixels Detection by Color and Texture Step 2 - Apple Surface Detection by Seed Area Detection and Growth Step 3 - Contour Segmentation and Apple Detection Results First Set of Images – Images Recorded in Automatic Exposure Mode Second Set of Images – Images Recorded with Manually-Lowered Light Exposure Conclusions References Impact of Hydraulic Conductivity on Solute Transport in Highly Heterogeneous Aquifer Introduction Theoretical Consideration Lévy-Stable Distributions Fractional Lévy Motion Numerical Simulation Problem Setup Monte-Carlo Simulation Moment Analysis Results and Discussions Hydraulic Conductivity Field Properties Velocity Field Properties Contour Maps of Solute Concentration Spatial Moments Conclusion References Effects of Different Physical Characteristics on the Compression Molding Quality of Dried Fish Floss Introduction Materials and Methods Materials Devices Methods Results and Discussion Relaxation Characteristics of Molding Block Effect of Processing Methods on the Compressibility of Fish Floss and Block Quality Effect of Amount on the Compressibility and Block Quality of Fish Floss Effect of Particle Size on the Compressibility and Block Quality of Fish Floss Effect of Moisture Content on the Compressibility and Block Quality of Fish Floss Conclusions References Electronic Agriculture Resources and Agriculture Industrialization Support Information Service Platform Structure and Implementation Introduction Software System Design The Goal of Software System Design The Division of System Function Sof