Computer Aided Systems Theory – EUROCAST 2022 : 18th International Conference, Las Palmas De Gran Canaria, Spain, February 20–25, 2022, Revised Selected Papers

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Systems Theory, EUROCAST 2022, held in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, during February 20–25, 2022. The 77 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 110 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Systems Theory and Applications, Theory and Applications of Metaheuristic Algorithms, Model-Based System Design, Verification and Simulation, Applications of Signal Processing Technology, Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining for Intelligent Transportation Systems and Smart Mobility, Computer Vision, Machine Learning for Image Analysis and Applications, Computer and Systems Based Methods and Electronic Technologies in Medicine, Systems in Industrial Robotics, Automation and IoT, Systems Thinking. Relevance for Technology, Science and Management Professionals. Preface Organization Eurocast 2022 Plenary Lectures Werner de Pauli Schimanovich – Inventor, Scientist and Spiritus Rector of EUROCAST Prescriptive Analytics: Optimization Meets Data- and Simulation-Based Systems Modeling The Impact of Computer Processed Neuroimaging in Modern Clinical Neuroscience: Some Implications for Psychiatry and Neurology Contents Systems Theory and Applications Transdisciplinary Software Development for Early Crisis Detection 1 Transdisciplinary Research 2 Research and Criticism 3 Transdisciplinary Software Development 3.1 Approach 3.2 Intelligence Cycle and Software Development Life Cycle 3.3 Case Study 4 Requirement Engineering for Early Crisis Detection 5 Conclusion References Uncertainty and Ambiguity: Challenging Layers in Model Construction 1 Model Construction in Data Mining 2 Logistic Regression 2.1 The Mathematical Model 2.2 Parameters Estimation Using Classical Approach 2.3 Parameters Estimation Using Bayesian Approach 3 Comparative Study of the Models in Breast Cancer Diagnosis 3.1 The Data 3.2 The Logistic Regression Model 3.3 Parameter Estimation 3.4 Interpretation of the Results 4 Conclusions and Future Work References George J. Boole 1 Introduction 2 Personal Education of George J. Boole 3 Professional Biography of Boole 4 Boolean Algebra 5 The Boole - De Morgan Correspondence 6 Instead of Conclusions References Improvement of Electromagnetic Systems by Werner Von Siemens 1 Introduction 2 Magneto-Electric Machines 3 Morse-Telegraphy 4 Bell Telephone 5 Conclusion References Theory and Applications of Metaheuristic Algorithms Multi-criteria Optimization of Workflow-Based Assembly Tasks in Manufacturing 1 Background and Motivation 2 Methodology and Technologies 2.1 ADAPT Modeling Approach 2.2 HeuristicLab 2.3 Integration 3 Use Case 4 Discussion and Conclusion References Lightweight Interpolation-Based Surrogate Modelling for Multi-objective Continuous Optimisation 1 Introduction and Motivation 2 Research Focus and Approach 2.1 Lightweight Interpolation-Based Surrogate Model 2.2 Offspring Generation Strategy 1: Pre-emptive Evaluation (PE) 2.3 Offspring Generation Strategy 2: Speculative Exploration (SE) 2.4 Tentative Parameterisation of Proposed Strategies 3 Exprimental Setup 4 Results - Comparative Performance 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Analysis and Handling of Dynamic Problem Changes in Open-Ended Optimization 1 Introduction and Related Work 2 Open-Ended Optimization and Self-adaption 3 Experiments and Results 4 Conclusion and Outlook References Dynamic Vehicle Routing with Time-Linkage: From Problem States to Algorithm Performance 1 Introduction and Related Work 2 Open-Ended Dynamic Vehicle Routing 3 Experiments and Results 4 Conclusion and Outlook References Dynamic Fitness Landscape Analysis 1 Introduction 2 State of the Art 2.1 Fitness Landscape Analysis 2.2 Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problems 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Dynamic Servicing of Power Grid Facilities 3.2 Experimental Setup 4 Results and Analysis 5 Conclusions and Future Work References A Relative Value Function Based Learning Beam Search for the Longest Common Subsequence Problem 1 Introduction 2 Longest Common Subsequence Problem 3 State Graph 4 Relative Value Function Based Learning Beam Search 5 Experimental Evaluation 6 Conclusions and Future Work References Multi-day Container Drayage Problem with Active and Passive Vehicles 1 Introduction 2 Problem Description 3 Solution Approaches 3.1 Solution Representation 3.2 Single Day Solution 3.3 Multi-day Solution 4 Computational Experiments 5 Conclusion References On Discovering Optimal Trade-Offs When Introducing New Routes in Existing Multi-modal Public Transport Systems 1 Introduction and Motivation 2 Proposed Approach 3 Exprimental Setup 4 Results and Interpretation 5 Conclusions and Future Work References A Mathematical Model and GRASP for a Tourist Trip Design Problem 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement and Mathematical Model 2.1 The Model 2.2 Problem Resolution 3 A Heuristic Algorithm to Solve the Problem 4 Computational Example 5 Conclusions References A Large Neighborhood Search for Battery Swapping Station Location Planning for Electric Scooters 1 Introduction 2 Multi Objective Battery Swapping Station Location Problem 3 Large Neighborhood Search 4 Computational Results 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Shapley Value Based Variable Interaction Networks for Data Stream Analysis 1 Background and Motivation 2 Variable Interaction Networks 2.1 Modeling and Evaluation 2.2 Shapley Value Based Networks 3 Experiments 3.1 Problem Instances 3.2 Results 4 Conclusion and Outlook References Symbolic Regression with Fast Function Extraction and Nonlinear Least Squares Optimization 1 Symbolic Regression and FFX 1.1 Motivation and Objectives 2 Algorithm Description 2.1 Base Functions 2.2 Parameter Optimization with Variable Projection 2.3 Base Function Selection 2.4 Training of Final Model and Bivariate Base Functions 3 Experimental Setup 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Comparing Shape-Constrained Regression Algorithms for Data Validation 1 Introduction 2 SC-Based Data Validation 3 Shape-Constrained Regression (SCR) 3.1 Shape-Constrained Polynomial Regression (SCPR) 3.2 Shape-Constrained Symbolic Regression (SCSR) 3.3 XGBoost - eXtreme Gradient Boosting 4 Experiment and Setup 4.1 Problem Definition - Data from Friction Experiments 4.2 Experiment Setup 5 Results 6 Conclusions References Improving the Flexibility of Shape-Constrained Symbolic Regression with Extended Constraints 1 Introduction and Related Work 1.1 Motivation 2 Extended Constraints 3 Experiment Setup 4 Results 5 Conclusion and Outlook References Shape-Constrained Symbolic Regression with NSGA-III 1 Introduction 2 Shape-Constrained Regression 2.1 Many-Objective Optimization for SCSR 3 Related Work 4 Experiments and Results 4.1 Algorithm Configuration 4.2 Problem Instances 4.3 Results 5 Summary References Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Data Based Detection of Complications in Records of Patient Treatments 1 Introduction 2 Data Basis 3 Explainable AI: Machine Learning by Symbolic Regression Using Genetic Programming 4 Results: Identification Models for Complications 4.1 Model Identification Scenarios 4.2 Modeling Configuration Setups 4.3 Results 5 Discussion and Conclusion References Identifying Differential Equations for the Prediction of Blood Glucose using Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Systems 1 Background and Motivation 1.1 Dynamical Systems and Differential Equations 2 Prior Work 3 Methodolgy 3.1 Data 3.2 Feature Engineering 3.3 Algorithm 3.4 Grid Search 4 Results 4.1 Best Time-Shift 4.2 Best Model 4.3 Predicted Values 4.4 Quality of Results 5 Summary and Outlook References Obtaining Difference Equations for Glucose Prediction by Structured Grammatical Evolution and Sparse Identification 1 Introduction 2 State of the Art 3 Methodology 3.1 SGE 3.2 Sparse Identification 3.3 Difference Equations 4 Experimental Results 4.1 Results with Dataset 1 4.2 Results with Dataset 2 with Insulin Records 4.3 Results with Dataset 2 with Meal Information 4.4 Discussion 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Model-Based System Design, Verification and Simulation Modeling Approaches for Cyber Attacks on Energy Infrastructure 1 Introduction 2 Modeling Attacks with the STRIDE and AVD Models 2.1 Energy Supply Company Example 2.2 Overall Modeling Results 3 Limits of AVD and STRIDE Modeling 4 Conclusion and Future Work References Simulation Setup for a Closed-Loop Regulation of Neuro-Muscular Blockade 1 Introduction 2 Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model of Rocuronium 2.1 Pharmacodynamic Effect of Rocuronium 3 Architecture of the Simulation Infrastructure 4 The Simulation Protocol 4.1 Controller Component (CNT) 4.2 Patient Model Component (PM) 5 Experimenting 6 Conclusion References Textile in the Loop as Automated Verification Tool for Smart Textile Applications 1 Introduction 2 Concept 3 Workflow 3.1 Initialisation 3.2 Information Exchange 4 Simulation and Measurements 4.1 Temperature Model 4.2 Temperature Test Stand 4.3 Measurements 5 Results References Orchestrating Digital Twins for Distributed Manufacturing Execution Systems 1 Introduction 2 Framework for Generating Orchestration Scenarios 3 Modelling Messages 4 Modelling Communication of Monitored System 5 Generating Scenario 6 Conclusion References Automata with Bounded Repetition in RE2 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 3 Implementation 4 Experiments 4.1 Comparison with the Matcher CA 4.2 Regex Matching Comparison References Integrating OSLC Services into Eclipse 1 Introduction and Motivation 2 Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration (OSLC) 3 Overview of Unite 4 Unite Client (UniC) for Eclipse 4.1 Architecture 4.2 Configuration 4.3 Usage 4.4 Industrial Use 5 Related Work 6 Conclusion References Developing an Application in the Forest for New Tourism Post COVID-19 -Experiments in Oku-Nikko National Park- 1 Introduction 1.1 Current Status and Issues of Tourism - Impact of Promotion of SGDs and COVID-19 on Tourism- 1.2 Our Research 2 Related Works 2.1 Bluetooth Low Energy Beacon 2.2 Forest Bathing 3 Our Application in Oku-Nikko 4 An Experiment Using EEG Sensor at Nikko National Park 4.1 Summary of the Experiment 4.2 Results of the Research in Oku-Nikko National Park 4.3 Results of the Research at Shibuya in Tokyo 5 Conclusion References GPU-Accelerated Synthesis of Probabilistic Programs 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Parallelisation Strategy 4 Experimental Results References Static Deadlock Detection in Low-Level C Code 1 Introduction 2 Static Deadlock Detection in Low-Level Concurrent C Code 2.1 Computing Function Summaries 2.2 Reporting Deadlocks 3 Increasing Analysis Accuracy 4 Experimental Evaluation References Applications of Signal Processing Technology 3D Ultrasound Fingertip Tracking 1 Introduction 2 Ultrasound Gesture Tracking Demonstrator 3 Echo Path Length Estimate 4 Fingertip Localization 5 Fingertip Tracking Experiment 6 Conclusions References An Artificial Skin from Conductive Rubber 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup 2.1 Hardware 2.2 Sensor 3 Results 3.1 Solution of the Inverse Problem 3.2 Measurement Results 3.3 Simulation Results 4 Conclusion References Neural Network Based Single-Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization 1 Introduction 2 System Model 3 Model-Based Equalizers 4 Neural Network Approaches 4.1 Data Normalization 4.2 Knowledge Aided Fully-Connected Neural Network 4.3 DetNet 5 Results 6 Conclusion References Smooth Step Detection 1 Introduction 2 Approximate Deconvolution 3 Smooth Step Detection 4 Simulation Results 5 Conclusion References Optical Preprocessing and Digital Signal Processing for the Measurement of Strain in Thin Specimen 1 Measuring the Stress-Strain Curve of Thin Fibers 2 Optical Preprocessing 3 Digital Signal Processing 4 Measurement Results 5 Summary and Outlook References Lower Limbs Gesture Recognition Approach to Control a Medical Treatment Bed 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 3 Data Acquisition and Preprocessing 3.1 Stationary Filter 3.2 Orientation Filter 4 Machine Learning Approaches 4.1 KNN 4.2 CNN 5 Results 6 Conclusion and Future Work References Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining for Intelligent Transportation Systems and Smart Mobility JKU-ITS Automobile for Research on Autonomous Vehicles 1 Introduction 2 Hardware Setup 2.1 Sensors 2.2 Processing and Communication 2.3 Power Management 3 Software Architecture 4 Results 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Development of a ROS-Based Architecture for Intelligent Autonomous on Demand Last Mile Delivery 1 Introduction 2 Hardware Setup 2.1 Sensor Suit 2.2 Processing 2.3 Network Communication 2.4 Power Management 3 Software Architecture 3.1 ROS Architecture 4 Results 5 Conclusion and Outlook References Contrastive Learning for Simulation-to-Real Domain Adaptation of LiDAR Data 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Method Description 3.1 Dataset Generation 3.2 Point Cloud Adaptation 3.3 Semantic Segmentation Guidance 4 Experiments and Results 4.1 Evaluation Metrics and Implementation Details 4.2 Method Assessment 5 Conclusions References Deep Learning Data Association Applied to Multi-object Tracking Systems 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Siamese Networks 2.2 Convolutional LSTM Networks 3 Deep Learning Re-identification 3.1 Convolutional LSTM Network 3.2 Kalman Filter Tracking 4 Results and Conclusions References A Methodology to Consider Explicitly Emissions in Dynamic User Equilibrium Assignment 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Review on Environmentally-Friend Network Flow Modeling 2.2 Overview of Emission Models 3 Experimental Design 3.1 Scenario Definition 3.2 Test Networks, Simulation Environment, and Simulation Settings 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Sensitivity Analysis for a Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Car Following Model: Preliminary Findings 1 Introduction 2 Overview of Sensitivity Analysis Methods 3 Experimental Design 3.1 Network Characteristics 3.2 Control Scenarios and Simulation Settings 4 Results 5 Conclusions References On Smart Mobility and Data Stream Mining 1 Introduction 2 Data Stream Mining 3 Current Penetration of DSM in Smart Mobility 3.1 Mobility on Demand 3.2 Traffic Predictive Modeling 3.3 Social Network Event Detection 3.4 Multimodality References Smart Vehicle Inspection 1 Introduction 2 Mobile App 2.1 Diagnostics Reading 2.2 Brake Testing 3 First Years of Usage Results 4 Conclusion References Computer Vision, Machine Learning for Image Analysis and Applications Impact of the Region of Analysis on the Performance of the Automatic Epiretinal Membrane Segmentation in OCT Images 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 ERM Segmentation Methodology 2.2 Impact of the Region of Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Performance Analysis of GAN Approaches in the Portable Chest X-Ray Synthetic Image Generation for COVID-19 Screening 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Dataset 2.2 Synthetic Image Generation 2.3 Automatic COVID-19 Screening 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Clinical Decision Support Tool for the Identification of Pathological Structures Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Dataset 2.2 Methodology 2.3 Training Details 2.4 Clinical Decision Support Tool 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Deep Features-Based Approaches for Phytoplankton Classification in Microscopy Images 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 State of the Art Comparison 4 Conclusions References Robust Deep Learning-Based Approach for Retinal Layer Segmentation in Optical Coherence Tomography Images 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Segmentation of Retinal Layers and Fluid Regions 2.2 Extraction of Clinical Biomarkers 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Impact of Increased Centerline Weight on the Joint Segmentation and Classification of Arteries and Veins in Color Fundus Images 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Preprocessing 2.2 Network Architecture 2.3 Data 2.4 Quantitative Evaluation 2.5 Experimental Details 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Rating the Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy on a Highly Imbalanced Dataset 1 Introduction 2 Dataset 3 Training Procedure 4 Results 5 Conclusions References Gait Recognition Using 3D View-Transformation Model 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Method 2.1 Dataset 2.2 Preprocessing 2.3 From 2D to 3D 2.4 View Transformation and Feature Computation 3 Results 4 Future Work 5 Related Work References Segmentation and Multi-facet Classification of Individual Logs in Wooden Piles 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Material 4 Methodology 4.1 Overview 4.2 Segmentation 4.3 Multi-facet Classification 5 Evaluation 5.1 Segmentation 5.2 Classification 6 Summary and Outlook References Drone Detection Using Deep Learning: A Benchmark Study 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 3.1 Hardware Setup 3.2 Software Framework 3.3 Data-Set 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Computer and Systems Based Methods and Electronic Technologies in Medicine Continuous Time Normalized Signal Trains for a Better Classification of Myoelectric Signals 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Results 4 Conclusions References A Comparison of Covariate Shift Detection Methods on Medical Datasets 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Towards a Method to Provide Tactile Feedback in Minimally Invasive Robotic Surgery 1 Introduction 2 Background and Related Work 3 Tactile Detection: Design and Method 4 Experimental Procedure and Results 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Reference Datasets for Analysis of Traditional Japanese and German Martial Arts 1 Introduction 2 Five German Longsword Mastercuts Analysis 2.1 Conclusions from HEMA 3 Japanese Fencing Analysis 4 Conclusions References A Novel Approach to Continuous Heart Rhythm Monitoring for Arrhythmia Detection 1 Introduction 2 Background and Objective 3 Proposed Solutions 3.1 Proposed Wearable Device 3.2 ECG Signal Preprocessing 4 Conclusion and Future Directions References Indoor Positioning Framework for Training Rescue Operations Procedures at the Site of a Mass Incident or Disaster 1 Introduction 2 Background and Objective 2.1 Training and Simulations in Paramedic Education 2.2 The Emergency TRIAGE Training System 3 Proposed Solution 3.1 Wi-Fi and BLE Technologies 3.2 Methodology 4 Conclusions and Outlook References Designing Sightseeing Support System in Oku-Nikko Using BLE Beacon 1 Introduction 2 Designing New Solar Beacon 3 Comparison 3.1 Old Beacon 3.2 New Beacon 4 Evaluation 5 Conclusion References Systems in Industrial Robotics, Automation and IoT Mixed Reality HMI for Collaborative Robots 1 Introduction 2 Problem and Task Definition 3 Materials and Methods 4 State of the Art 5 Practical Implementation 5.1 ABB GoFa 5.2 Interface (PC) 5.3 Microsoft HoloLens2 6 Results 7 Summary and Outlook References A Digital Twin Demonstrator for Research and Teaching in Universities 1 System Configuration Digital Twin Demonstrator 2 Teaching Aspect by Using the Demonstrator 3 Research Aspect Extended from the Demonstrator 4 Conclusive Remarks References KI-Net: AI-Based Optimization in Industrial Manufacturing—A Project Overview 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Project Objectives 4 Results 4.1 Systems Engineering Processes 4.2 Digital Twins and Robotics 4.3 Knowledge Representation and Knowledge Graphs 5 Conclusions References Robot System as a Testbed for AI Optimizations 1 Introduction 2 Testbed’s Hardware and Software Implementation 2.1 Robot Design 2.2 Robot Trajectory 2.3 Digital Twin 2.4 AI-Based Vision System 2.5 Human-Machine Interface (HMI) via HoloLens 2 3 Conclusion References An Architecture for Deploying Reinforcement Learning in Industrial Environments 1 Motivation 2 Introduction to Reinforcement Learning 3 Challenges 4 Proposed Architecture 4.1 Mapping Automation Using OPC UA Information Modelling 5 Proof of Concept 6 Conclusion and Discussion References Ck-Continuous Spline Approximation with TensorFlow Gradient Descent Optimizers 1 Introduction 2 Gradient Descent Optimization 2.1 Spline Model 2.2 Loss Function 2.3 TensorFlow Training Loop 3 Improving Spline Model Performance 3.1 A Degree-Based Regularization 3.2 Practical Considerations 3.3 Strictly Establishing Continuity After Optimization 4 Experimental Results 5 Conclusion and Outlook References Stepwise Sample Generation 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Data Augmentation 2.2 Virtual Sample Generator Methods 3 Approach Overview 3.1 Initialization 3.2 Feature Dependency Selection 3.3 Feature Generation Loop 3.4 Verification Module 4 Approach Evaluation 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Optimising Manufacturing Process with Bayesian Structure Learning and Knowledge Graphs 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Layer 3.2 Bayesian Layer 3.3 Semantic Layer 3.4 Visualisation 4 Implementation 5 Evaluation 6 Conclusion and Future Work References Representing Technical Standards as Knowledge Graph to Guide the Design of Industrial Systems 1 Introduction 2 Approach 3 Exemplary Application to Industrial Control System 4 Background and Related Work 5 Conclusion References Improvements for mlrose Applied to the Traveling Salesperson Problem 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Work 2 Experimental Setup 3 Genetic Algorithm (GA) 3.1 General Basics 3.2 Implementation in mlrose 3.3 Modification 3.4 Results 4 Hill Climbing (HC) 4.1 General Basics and Implementation in mlrose 4.2 Modification 4.3 Results 5 Conclusion and Final Remarks References Survey on Radar Odometry 1 Introduction 2 Direct Method 2.1 Phase-Correlation 2.2 Rotation Estimation 2.3 Translation Estimation 3 Indirect Method 3.1 Target Identification and Features 3.2 Scan Matching 4 Conclusion References Systems Thinking. Relevance for Technology, Science and Management Professionals On Modeling Complex Systems by Means of System Theory 1 Preliminaries 2 Systems Theory as a Scientific Discipline 3 Contribution of Mihajlo Mesarovic to Mathematical Systems Theory 4 Multi-strata Models 5 Multi-echelon Models 6 On the Holarchical Models of Arthur Koestler References Crisis Management in a Federation – Cybernetic Lessons from a Pandemic 1 Introduction 2 Case Study: The Covid-19 Crisis in a Federation 3 Methodology 4 Trajectory of the Pandemic 5 Diagnosis 6 Lessons for Design 7 Final Reflection References Using Archetypes to Teach Systems Thinking in an Engineering Master’s Course 1 Introduction 2 Course Design 2.1 General Aspects of Model-Based Teaching 2.2 Curricular Embedding of the Course and Students’ Prior Knowledge 2.3 Practical Considerations for Course Organization 2.4 Theory-Based Considerations on Student Motivation and Learning 2.5 Course Description 3 Findings from Running the Course 3.1 Teachers’ Observations 3.2 Student Reactions and Feedback 4 Discussion and Conclusion References Collecting VS Sharing Personal Data: Examining the Viability of the Concepts 1 Introduction 2 Backgrounds 3 Methods 4 Summary References Author Index