Computational intelligence in image processing

Computational intelligence based techniques have firmly established themselves as viable, alternate, mathematical tools for more than a decade. They have been extensively employed in many systems and application domains, among these signal processing, automatic control, industrial and consumer electronics, robotics, finance, manufacturing systems, electric power systems, and power electronics. Image processing is also an extremely potent area which has attracted the attention of many researchers who are interested in the development of new computational intelligence-based techniques and their suitable applications, in both research problems and in real-world problems. Part I of the book discusses several image preprocessing algorithms; Part II broadly covers image compression algorithms; Part III demonstrates how computational intelligence-based techniques can be effectively utilized for image analysis purposes; and Part IV shows how pattern recognition, classification and clustering-based techniques can be developed for the purpose of image inferencing. The book offers a unified view of the modern computational intelligence techniques required to solve real-world problems and it is suitable as a reference for engineers, researchers and graduate students. Read more... Part 1. Image Preprocessing Algorithms -- Improved Digital Image Enhancement Filters Based on Type-2 Neuro-Fuzzy Techniques / Mehmet Emin Yüksel and Alper Baştürk -- Locally-Equalized Image Contrast Enhancement Using PSO-Tuned Sectorized Equalization / N. M. Kwok, D. Wang, Q. P. Ha, G. Fang and S. Y. Chen -- Hybrid BBO-DE Algorithms for Fuzzy Entropy-Based Thresholding / Ilhem Boussaïd, Amitava Chatterjee, Patrick Siarry and Mohamed Ahmed-Nacer -- A Genetic Programming Approach for Image Segmentation / Hugo Alberto Perlin and Heitor Silvério Lopes. Part 2. Image Compression Algorithms -- Fuzzy Clustering-Based Vector Quantization for Image Compression / George E. Tsekouras and Dimitrios M. Tsolakis -- Layers Image Compression and Reconstruction by Fuzzy Transforms / Ferdinando Di Martino and Salvatore Sessa -- Modified Bacterial Foraging Optimization Technique for Vector Quantization-Based Image Compression / Nandita Sanyal, Amitava Chatterjee and Sugata Munshi. Part 3. Image Analysis Algorithms -- A Fuzzy Condition-Sensitive Hierarchical Algorithm for Approximate Template Matching in Dynamic Image Sequence / Rajshree Mandal, Anisha Halder, Amit Konar and Atulya K Nagar -- Digital Watermarking Strings with Images Compressed by Fuzzy Relation Equations / Ferdinando Di Martino and Salvatore Sessa -- Study on Human Brain Registration Process Using Mutual Information and Evolutionary Algorithms / Mahua Bhattacharya and Arpita Das -- Use of Stochastic Optimization Algorithms in Image Retrieval Problems / Mattia Broilo and Francesco G. B. De Natale -- A Cluster-Based Boosting Strategy for Red Eye Removal / Sebastiano Battiato, Giovanni Maria Farinella, Daniele Ravì, Mirko Guarnera and Giuseppe Messina. Part 4. Image Inferencing Algorithms -- Classifying Pathological Prostate Images by Fractal Analysis / Po-Whei Huang, Cheng-Hsiung Lee and Phen-Lan Lin -- Multiobjective PSO for Hyperspectral Image Clustering / Farid Melgani and Edoardo Pasolli -- A Computational Intelligence Approach to Emotion Recognition from the Lip-Contour of a Subject / Anisha Halder, Srishti Shaw, Kanika Orea, Pavel Bhowmik and Aruna Chakraborty, et al. Part 1. General Issues -- Aging Demographics and Anesthesia / Michael C. Lewis -- Ethical and Legal Considerations / Kevin B. Gerold and Adrienne N. Dixon -- The Anesthetic Regimen for the Elderly Patient / Sheila Ryan Barnett -- The Perioperative Geriatric Consultation / Angela Georgia Catic. Part 2. Anesthesia Delivery -- Preoperative Assessment of the Elderly Patient / Ruma Bose and Sheila Ryan Barnett -- Analgesics and Sedatives / Julia I. Metzner and G. Alec Rooke -- General Anesthesia: Intravenous Induction Agents, Inhalational Agents, and Neuromuscular Blockers / Yulia Ivashkov, Alexander A. Vitin and G. Alec Rooke -- Regional Anesthesia and Joint Replacement Surgery / Jacques E. Chelly, Anna Uskova, Qing Liu, Richa Wardhan and Uchenna O. Umeh -- Fluid Management and Blood Transfusion / Gerardo Rodriguez and Keith P. Lewis. Part 3. Perioperative Care -- Acute Pain Control in the Elderly / Steve Lee and Angela Georgia Catic -- Chronic Pain in Geriatric Patients / Vijay Thillainathan, Adam Young and Asokumar Buvanendran -- The Elderly Patient and the Intensive Care Unit / Steven J. Schwartz and Frederick Sieber -- Trauma and the Geriatric Patient / Suresh Agarwal and Ruben J. Azocar. Part 4. Specialist Areas -- Cardiovascular Aging and Anesthesia / John D. Mitchell -- Pulmonary Issues in the Elderly Patient / Anup Pamnani, Cynthia A. Lien and G. Alec Rooke -- Vascular Surgery: Endovascular and Major Vascular Surgery / Shamsuddin Akhtar -- Spine Surgery: Choosing the Patient and Handling the Surgery / Stacie Deiner -- Anesthesia for Genitourinary Surgery in the Elderly Patient / Christina M. Matadial and Jadelis Giquel -- Anesthetic Management for ECT / Punita Tripathi -- Ophthalmologic Surgery and the Management of Diabetes / Mary Ann Vann. Part 5. Common Geriatric Issues -- Postoperative Central Nervous System Changes in Elderly Surgical Patients / Jeffrey H. Silverstein -- Management of the Hip Fracture Patient / Mark D. Neuman and Samir Mehta -- Polypharmacy and Medicines to Avoid / Lale E. Odekon -- Dementia and Neurologic Syndromes: Distinctions Between Alzheimer's, Vascular Dementia, and Parkinson's / Aaron LacKamp -- Psychotropic Medications in the Elderly / Jason Strauss Y......Page 0 Preface 5......Page 5 definition, 3......Page 14 Contrast enhancement, 21......Page 32 Image segmentation, 37......Page 48 Object recognition, 71......Page 81 Vector quantization (VQ), 93......Page 102 Fuzzy transform, 107......Page 115 131......Page 139 8 A Fuzzy Condition-Sensitive Hierarchical Algorithm for Approximate Template Matching in Dynamic Image Sequence 155......Page 162 9 Digital Watermarking Strings with Images Compressed by Fuzzy Relation Equations 173......Page 180 Similarity metric, 187......Page 194 Content-based image retrieval, 201......Page 207 12 A Cluster-Based Boosting Strategy for Red Eye Removal 217......Page 222 13 Classifying Pathological Prostate Images by Fractal Analysis 253......Page 256 Remote sensing, 265......Page 267 15 A Computational Intelligence Approach to Emotion Recognition from the Lip-Contour of a Subject 281......Page 283 Index 299......Page 301 Tristate median filter, 12......Page 23 188......Page 195 189......Page 196 192......Page 199 194......Page 201 196......Page 203 211......Page 217 132......Page 140 142......Page 150 150......Page 158 Membership function, 133......Page 141 Chemotaxis, 137......Page 145 Elimination, 139......Page 147 Biogeography-based optimization (BBO), 45......Page 56 232......Page 237 Box plot, 34......Page 45 94......Page 103 Weighted median filter, 4......Page 15 Swarming, 138......Page 146 Desaturation, 227......Page 232 Noise, 229......Page 234 Classifier, 259......Page 262 Cluster center, 285......Page 287 Clustering, 268......Page 270 Skin detection, 221......Page 226 89......Page 99 Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE), 33......Page 44 193......Page 200 195......Page 202 96......Page 105 98......Page 107 Selection, 287......Page 289 Weighted-sum scheme, 25......Page 36 Leave-one-out cross validation, 292......Page 294 Hierarchical feature matching, 161......Page 168 Information gain, 162......Page 169 Inpainting, 228......Page 233 Differential evolution (DE), 286......Page 288 Discontinuities, 27......Page 38 Template, 157......Page 164 Relevance feedback, 208......Page 214 15......Page 26 224......Page 229 Element-wise maximization, 28......Page 39 Lip-contour, 282......Page 284 Entropy, 29......Page 40 Thresholding, 38......Page 49 203......Page 209 literature comparison results, 102......Page 111 Tables distortion mean values, 100......Page 109 PSNR mean values, 101......Page 110 False positive, 231......Page 236 Feature selection, 269......Page 271 Theta, 97......Page 106 Particle-swarm optimization (PSO), 30......Page 41 289......Page 291 Red eyes, 218......Page 223 223......Page 228 95......Page 104 Fractal dimension, 256......Page 259 134......Page 142 136......Page 144 Watermarking, 174......Page 181 Segmentation, 190......Page 197 284......Page 286 54......Page 65 108......Page 116 111......Page 119 115......Page 123 117......Page 125 40......Page 51 135......Page 143 Standard deviation, 158......Page 165 122......Page 130 129......Page 137 Gaussian membership distribution, 159......Page 166 72......Page 82 Prostate carcinoma, 254......Page 257 Postprocessing, 219......Page 224 Template matching, 156......Page 163 Uniform histogram, 24......Page 35 YCC, 222......Page 227 HSV color mode HSV color model, 166......Page 173 Support vectors, 290......Page 292 149......Page 157 42......Page 53 75......Page 85 77......Page 87 114......Page 122 as a noise detector, 13......Page 24 233......Page 238 Self organizing map, 206......Page 212 Kernel function, 291......Page 293 283......Page 285 Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, 10......Page 21 Statistical separability measures, 270......Page 272 84......Page 94 179......Page 186 applications in image processing, 5......Page 16 204......Page 210 113......Page 121 119......Page 127 124......Page 132 175......Page 182 182......Page 189 183......Page 190 Semantic gap, 202......Page 208 Support vector machine (SVM), 207......Page 213 Termination criteria, 31......Page 42 Texture feature, 255......Page 258 as a noise filter, 11......Page 22 sugeno type, 6......Page 17 177......Page 184 185......Page 192 Image processing is also an extremely potent area which has attracted the atten tion of many researchers who are interested in the development of new computational intelligence-based techniques and their suitable applications, in both research prob lems and in real-world problems.