Computational Biomechanics for Medicine : Towards Automation and Robustness of Computations in the Clinic

This book presents contributions from the MICCAI 2022 Computational Biomechanics for Medicine Workshop. "Computational Biomechanics for Medicine - towards translation and better patient outcomes” comprises papers accepted for the MICCAI Computational Biomechanics for Medicine Workshop held in 2022 in Singapore. The content focuses on applications of computational biomechanics to computer-integrated medicine, which includes MICCAI topics of Medical Image Computing, Computer-Aided Modeling and Evaluation of Surgical Procedures, and Imaging, Analysis Methods for Image Guided Therapies, Computational Physiology, and Medical Robotics. Specific topics covered include medical image analysis, image-guided surgery, surgical simulation, surgical intervention planning, disease prognosis and diagnostics, analysis of injury mechanisms, implant and prostheses design, as well as artificial organ design and medical robotics. This book details state-of-the-art progress in the above fields to researchers, students, and professionals. Contents Patient-Specific Model Generation Generation of Patient-Specific Structured Hexahedral Mesh of Aortic Aneurysm Wall 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Patient’s Data and Patient-Specific AAA Geometry 2.2 Generation of Patient-Specific AAA Computational Grids 2.3 Stress Computation in AAA Wall 3 Results 3.1 Computational Grid (Finite Element Mesh) Convergence 3.2 Computational Grids and Element Quality 3.3 Aneurysm Wall Stress 4 Discussion References Workflow for Generating Personalised Anatomical Models of the Skeleton and the Skin Surface of the Upper Torso 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Image Acquisition and Pre-Processing 2.2 Skeletal Model Personalisation 2.3 Skin Surface Model Personalisation 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Automated Modeling of Brain Bioelectric Activity Within the 3D Slicer Environment 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 The iEEG Forward Problem 2.2 Image Preprocessing 2.3 Patient-specific Head Model Construction for Solving iEEG Forward Problem 2.4 Model Solution for EEG Forward Problem 3 Results 4 Discussion References Solid Biomechanics Rapid Prediction of Breast Biomechanics Under Gravity Loading Using Surrogate Machine Learning Models 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Effect of Analyst Segmentation Variability on Computed AAA Stress Distributions 1 Motivations 2 Methods 2.1 Patient Demographic 2.2 Image Segmentation 2.3 Wall Thickness Specification 2.4 AAA Geometry Creation 2.5 Mesh Generation for a Finite Element Model 2.6 Finite Element Model Creation 2.7 Finite Element Analysis 2.8 Evaluating Intra- and Inter-analyst Segmentation Variability 3 Results 3.1 Inter-analyst Segmentation 3.2 Intra-analyst Segmentation 4 Discussion 4.1 Canny Edge Detection—Future Implications 5 Conclusions References The Effects of the Spine on the Analysis of Peak Wall Stress in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Patient Data 2.2 Patient-Specific AAA and Spine Model Creation 2.3 Finite Element Analysis 2.4 Contact Node Identification 2.5 Quantitative Comparison of Isolated and Spine-Contacted Models 3 Results 4 Discussion and Conclusions References Analysis of Head Protection Performance of Bicycle Helmets by Full-Scale Computational Biomechanics Modelling of Real-World Car-to-Cyclist Accidents 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Analysis Process 2.2 Accident Information 2.3 Accident Reconstruction 2.4 Models for Investigation of the Head and Brain Injury Risk and Severity 2.5 Simulation Matrix 2.6 Injury Criteria 3 Results 3.1 Kinematic of the Cyclists 3.2 Head and Brain Injury Risk Analysis 4 Discussion and Study Limitations 5 Conclusions References Fluid Biomechanics Modelling the Blood Flow and Drug Transport in an Anatomically Accurate Rat Liver 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 The Vascular Geometry of PV and HV Trees 2.2 Blood Flow and Drug Transport Solver 3 Results 3.1 Flow Rates and Pressure in the PV and HV Trees 3.2 Drug Transport in the PV Tree 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Numerical Simulation of Blood Flow Under High Shear Forces in Experimental and Clinical Applications 1 Introduction 2 Applications 2.1 Laboratory Blood Tester 2.2 Clinical Application 3 Numerical Models 3.1 Blood Tester Model 3.2 Clinical Application Model 4 Results 4.1 Blood Tester Model Results 4.2 Clinical Application Model Results 5 Discussion and Conclusions References Effect of Mechanical Aortic Valves on Coronary Artery Flow in a Patient Suffering from Ischemic Heart Disease 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Study Design 2.2 Geometry and Meshing 2.3 Boundary Conditions 3 Results 4 Discussion References New Applications Stump Length Effect on Pelvic Tilt in Transfemoral Amputees Assessed by Statistical Parametric Mapping 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Participants 2.2 Gait Analysis 2.3 Data Processing 2.4 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion and Conclusion References Assessment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Phenotypes from Routine Sleep Studies: A New Approach to Precision Medicine 1 Control of Breathing During Normal Ventilation 2 Ventilatory Control During Sleep 3 Breathing Disorders During Sleep 4 Underlying Mechanisms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea 5 Understanding the Heterogenous Mechanisms of OSA Pathogenesis—A Step Toward Precision Medicine 5.1 Loop Gain 5.2 Arousal Threshold 5.3 Pharyngeal Collapsibility 5.4 Neuromuscular Compensation 6 An Automated Non-invasive Approach to Estimate Endotypic Traits in OSA 6.1 Control Theory Basis for Endotypic Trait Estimation 6.2 Loop Gain 6.3 Arousal Threshold 6.4 Pharyngeal Collapsibility and Compensation 6.5 Reliability of the Endotypic Trait Estimation 6.6 Clinical Implications 6.7 Limitations 7 Conclusions References Index One of the greatest challenges for mechanical engineers is to extend the success of computational mechanics to fields outside traditional engineering, in particular to biology, biomedical sciences, and medicine. This book is an opportunity for computational biomechanics specialists to present and exchange opinions on the opportunities of applying their techniques to computer-integrated medicine.Computational Biomechanics for Medicine: Models, Algorithms and Implementation collects the papers from the Seventh Computational Biomechanics for Medicine Workshop held in Nice in conjunction with the Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention conference. The topics covered include: medical image analysis, image-guided surgery, surgical simulation, surgical intervention planning, disease prognosis and diagnostics, injury mechanism analysis, implant and prostheses design, and medical robotics.