Comprehensive Handbook of Social Work and Social Welfare, Social Policy and Policy Practice (Comprehensive Handbook of Social Work and Social Welfare, Volume 4)

COMPREHENSIVE HANDBOOK OF SOCIAL WORK AND SOCIAL WELFARE, VOLUME 4 5 Contents 9 Handbook Preface 13 Acknowledgments 15 Preface 17 Contributors 21 Section I: POLICY AND JUSTICE: A GLOBAL IMPERATIVE 23 Chapter 1: THE HUMAN SECURITY PARADIGM: PEACE WITH JUSTICE AND EQUALITY? 25 (RE)DEFINING SECURITY IN THE GLOBALIZED WORLD 26 HUMAN SECURITY: A NEW PARADIGM FOR GLOBAL SECURITY? 27 NATIONAL SECURITY VERSUS HUMAN SECURITY 28 IS THERE A FUTURE FOR A HUMAN SECURITY FRAMEWORK? 30 CONCLUSION 32 REFERENCES 33 Chapter 2: SOCIAL POLICY FROM A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE 35 GLOBALIZATION 35 GLOBALIZATION AS IT RELATES TO POLICY 38 GLOBALIZATION AND ETHICS 39 GLOBALIZATION, POLICY, AND SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE 40 REFERENCES 41 Chapter 3: SOCIAL JUSTICE FOR MARGINALIZED AND DISADVANTAGED GROUPS: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR SOCIAL POLICIES IN ASIA 43 SOCIAL JUSTICE: AN ASIAN PERSPECTIVE 44 SOCIAL JUSTICE AND SOCIAL HARMONY 46 SOCIAL POLICY 47 CRITICAL INCIDENTS AFFECTING THE ASIAN REGION IN RECENT DECADES 48 AN ASIAN PERSPECTIVE ON SOCIAL POLICY DEVELOPMENT 50 SOCIAL ENTERPRISE, SOCIAL CAPITAL 55 CONCLUSION 60 REFERENCES 62 Section II: THE CONTEXT OF POLICY: YESTERDAY, TODAY, AND TOMORROW 65 Chapter 4: RECONCEPTUALIZING THE EVOLUTION OF THE AMERICAN WELFARE STATE 67 SOME DAUNTING CHALLENGES FACING HISTORIANS OF THE AMERICAN WELFARE STATE 67 EIGHT ERAS 72 TOPICS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 95 WHERE NEXT? 98 REFERENCES 99 Chapter 5: NOT BY THE NUMBERS ALONE: THE EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES ON SOCIAL POLICY 103 ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION 104 POVERTY, INEQUALITY, AND UNEMPLOYMENT 106 DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES: RACISM AND IMMIGRATION 110 IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL POLICY 114 WELFARE REFORM AS A POLICY ILLUSTRATION 116 CONCLUSION 117 REFERENCES 118 Chapter 6: THE U.S. PATRIOT ACT: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SOCIAL WORK PROFESSION 125 SIGNIFICANT ACTIVITIES AND A NEW SYSTEM OF JUSTICE 126 THE U.S. PATRIOT ACT AND THE SOCIAL WORK PROFESSION 130 CONCLUSION 133 REFERENCES 134 Chapter 7: SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY AS A FORM OF SOCIAL JUSTICE 135 SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY DEFINED 137 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JUSTICE THEORY AND SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY 138 SOCIAL WORK VALUES AND POLICY 140 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR SOCIAL WELFARE 141 CRAFTING JUSTICE-BASED POLICY 143 CONCLUSION 145 REFERENCES 146 Section III: POLICY TO PRACTICE AND PRACTICE TO POLICY 149 Chapter 8: POLICY PRACTICE 151 PREPARATION OF THE PRACTITIONER 154 ASSEMBLING A TEAM 156 IDENTIFICATION, DEFINITION, AND LEGITIMIZATION OF THE PROBLEM 156 SELECTING AN APPROACH 158 CONDUCTING AN ANALYSIS 159 EVALUATING THE OUTCOMES 164 CONCLUSION 164 REFERENCES 165 Chapter 9: NEW FEDERALISM, NEW FREEDOM, AND STATES’ RIGHTS: THE UNCERTAIN AND FRAGMENTED DIRECTION OF PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES 167 THE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BURDEN OF MENTAL ILLNESS 167 UNRESOLVED FEDERALISM IN MENTAL HEALTH POLICY 170 STATES’ RIGHTS AND CONTROL OF MENTAL HEALTH POLICY 175 FEDERAL ENCROACHMENT IN STATE MENTAL HEALTH POLICY AND SERVICES 178 NATIONALIZATION: SOLVING THE RIDDLE OF FRAGMENTATION AND UNCERTAINTY 188 REFERENCES 191 Chapter 10: AGING IN THE UNITED STATES: CHALLENGES TO SOCIAL POLICY AND POLICY PRACTICE 199 THE POLITICAL AND MORAL ECONOMY CONTEXT OF AGING SOCIETIES 200 CHANGING SOCIAL PERCEPTIONS, EXPECTATIONS, AND POLICIES 202 OVERVIEW OF SELECTED POLICY AND SERVICES TARGETING OLDER ADULTS 209 IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL WORK POLICY PRACTITIONERS 217 REFERENCES 220 Chapter 11: EXPLANATORY LEGITIMACY: A MODEL FOR DISABILITY POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS 225 EXPLANATORY LEGITIMACY THEORY 225 HISTORY 227 EXPLANATORY LEGITIMACY THEORY ANALYSIS OF POLICY EXEMPLARS 232 CONCLUSION 237 SUGGESTED WEB SOURCES 237 REFERENCES 237 Chapter 12: HEALTH-CARE POLICY: SHOULD CHANGE BE SMALL OR LARGE? 241 NEEDED BACKGROUND 242 POLICY TOPICS 244 POLICIES AND PROGRAMS WORTH EXPLORING 253 FUTURE DIRECTIONS 254 CONCLUSION 255 REFERENCES 255 Chapter 13: SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH: TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY SOCIAL WORK PRIORITIES 259 SOCIAL WORK AT THE END OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 259 THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 260 CONCLUSION 266 REFERENCES 268 Chapter 14: URBAN HOUSING POLICY AND PRACTICE IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD 271 ARE THE CHALLENGES TO URBAN HOUSING POLICY AND PRACTICE A CHALLENGE OF RESOURCES, TECHNICAL KNOW-HOW, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, OR POLITICAL WILL? 271 AN URBAN WORLD: WHY FRESH THINKING ON URBAN HOUSING PRACTICE AND POLICY IN LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS MATTERS 273 PLANET OF SLUMS: WHY POOR URBAN HOUSING CONDITIONS ARE NOT ALL THAT MATTERS 276 A BRIEF REVIEW OF HOUSING POLICY AND PRACTICE IN THE URBAN DEVELOPING WORLD 278 THE GOOD AND THE GREAT: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS, ALLIANCES, AND CAMPAIGNS 289 CIVIL SOCIETY, NOT-FOR-PROFITS, AND OTHERS OF THE SAME ILK BUT WITH A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE 293 PROPERTY FOR PEOPLE OR THE PROPERTY OF PEOPLE: THE POLITICS OF TENURE 300 TOWARD A CONCLUSION: THE CHALLENGE FOR URBAN HOUSING POLICY AND PRACTICE LIES IN ASKING THE RIGHT QUESTIONS 302 CONCLUSION 307 REFERENCES 307 Chapter 15: CHILD WELFARE POLICY 317 A BRIEF HISTORY OF CHILD WELFARE POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES 318 THE INITIAL INVOLVEMENT OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 321 THE IMPACT OF THE CHILD ABUSE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT ACT OF 1974 322 FOSTER CARE DRIFT AND THE ADOPTION ASSISTANCE AND CHILD WELFARE ACT OF 1980 326 THE ADOPTION ASSISTANCE AND CHILDWELFARE ACT OF 1980 327 THE IMPACT OF THE ADOPTION ASSISTANCE AND CHILD WELFARE ACT OF 1980 328 THE INDIAN CHILD WELFARE ACT OF 1978 329 APPLICABLE SUPREME COURT RULINGS 329 FAMILY PRESERVATION AND FAMILY SUPPORT ACT 330 THE MULTIETHNIC PLACEMENT ACT OF 1994 AND THE INTERETHNIC ADOPTION PROVISIONS OF THE SMALL BUSINESS JOB PROTECTION ACT 331 REASSESSMENT OF THE ADOPTION ASSISTANCE AND CHILD WELFARE ACT OF 1980 AND THE ADOPTION AND SAFE FAMILIES ACT OF 1997 333 FOSTER CARE INDEPENDENCE ACT OF 1999 335 CONCLUSION 336 REFERENCES 337 Chapter 16: PUBLIC FUNDING OF SECTARIAN ORGANIZATIONS FOR THE PROVISION OF HIV/AIDS PREVENTION AND CARE: DISCRIMINATORY ISSUES FOR GAY MALES 341 RELIGIOUS AND FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATIONS PROVIDING SOCIAL SERVICES: CHARITABLE CHOICE 341 IMPLICATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH AND POLICY DEVELOPMENT 347 REFERENCES 348 Section IV: POLICY FORMULATION AND POSSIBILITIES 351 Chapter 17: SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY AND POLITICS 353 DEFINING SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY 353 DEFINING POLITICS 353 POLITICS AS IDEOLOGIES: ACROSS THE SPECTRUM OF RIGHT AND LEFT 354 POLITICS AS PROCESS: HOW TO HAVE AN EFFECT ON SOCIAL POLICY 361 CONCLUSION 362 REFERENCES 363 Chapter 18: SOCIAL WELFARE AND ECONOMICS: REDEFINING THE WELFARE STATE IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY 365 THE SOCIAL WELFARE STATE: A LEGACY OF THE INDUSTRIAL ERA 365 THE POSTINDUSTRIAL ECONOMY 367 EMPLOYMENT IN POSTINDUSTRIAL SOCIETY 367 IMPOVERISHMENT AND DEBT IN THE POSTINDUSTRIAL ERA 371 A NEW WELFARE AGENDA FOR THE GLOBAL ECONOMY 373 CONCLUSION 380 REFERENCES 381 Chapter 19: DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL POLICY: SOCIAL JUSTICE IN A WORLD OF ANYWHERE ACCESS? 385 GLOBALIZATION 386 SOCIETAL ACCEPTANCE AND UTILIZATION OF TECHNOLOGY 386 EMPOWERMENT 387 PRIVACY ISSUES 387 INFORMATION ACCESS AND AUTHENTICITY 388 ENSURING DIVERSITY AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCES 389 INFLUENCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL POLICY 389 UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES OF TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL POLICY 389 A LOOK AHEAD TO THE YEAR 2022 390 REFERENCES 392 Chapter 20: WELFARE REFORM: THE NEED FOR SOCIAL EMPATHY 393 A BRIEF HISTORY OF WELFARE REFORM 394 TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES 396 THE SUCCESS OF WELFARE REFORM 397 WHO RECEIVES WELFARE? 398 WHY WELFARE REFORM HAS FAILED 398 INHERENT CONTRADICTIONS IN WELFARE REFORM 400 VALUES CONFLICTS 400 THE GAP IN EXPERIENCING AND UNDERSTANDING POVERTY 402 SOCIAL EMPATHY 403 WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? THE FUTURE OF WELFARE IN AMERICA 404 REFERENCES 405 Author Index 407 Subject Index 417

Comprehensive Handbook of Social Work and Social Welfare, Volume 4: The Profession of Social Work features contributions from leading international researchers and practitioners and presents the most comprehensive, in-depth source of information on the field of social work and social welfare.