Comprehensive Handbook of Personality and Psychopathology: Volume 2, Adult Psychopathology

The Comprehensive Handbook of Personality and Psychopathology presents the foundations of major theories of personality. Volume 1 describes specialized theoretical models and demonstrates the impact that personality has on functioning. Volumes 2 and 3 describe the major classifications of psychological disorders in adults and children as well as the most popular treatment modalities. Throughout the work, a team of eminent researchers and clinicians present data reflecting the iinfluence of personality and psychological problems on an individual's ability to interact with family and peers, and perform in the work or school environment, a feature unique to this reference work. (Midwest) COMPREHENSIVE HANDBOOK OF PERSONALITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY: Volume 2 Adult Psychopathology 5 Contents 7 Handbook Preface 11 Preface to Volume 2 13 Contributors 15 Part I: GENERAL ISSUES 19 Chapter 1: Diagnosis and Classification 21 A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF CONCEPTUAL UNDERPINNINGS 21 A BRIEF HISTORY OF DIAGNOSIS 22 A COMMON U. S. NOMENCLATURE: DSM-I and DSM-II 23 EMERGENCE OF THE NEO-KRAEPELINIAN TRADITION: DSM-III and DSM-III-R 23 THE PRESENT EMPIRICALLY BASED NOMENCLATURE: 26 TWO CRITICAL CASES OF DIAGNOSIS Epidemiology: The CIDI in the NCS 28 FUTURE DIRECTIONS 29 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 33 REFERENCES 34 Chapter 2: Research Considerations: Latent Variable Approaches to Studying the Classification and Psychopathology of Mental Disorders 39 INTRODUCTION 39 OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING 39 MAXIMIZING THE STRENGTHS OF STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING 41 APPLICATIONS OF SEM IN PSYCHOPATHOLOGY RESEARCH 45 A COMMON PROBLEM IN APPLIED SEM 50 SUMMARY 51 NOTES 51 REFERENCES 52 Chapter 3: Behavioral and Cognitive Influences 54 INTRODUCTION 54 ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING 54 INSTRUMENTAL LEARNING 56 SOCIAL LEARNING 57 COGNITIVE VULNERABILITY FACTORS 59 CLOSING REMARKS 65 REFERENCES 66 Chapter 4: Genetic Influences 70 INTRODUCTION 70 THE METHODS OF BEHAVIORAL GENETICISTS 71 SUMMARY 82 NOTE 82 REFERENCES 82 Chapter 5: Sociocultural Influences 85 EPISTEMOLOGICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES INFLUENCING SOCIOCULTURAL VARIATION IN PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 85 DEFINING AND ARTICULATING SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS 89 ELUCIDATING MECHANISMS UNDERLYING SOCIOCULTURAL VARIATIONS IN PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 94 SUMMARY 98 REFERENCES 98 Chapter 6: Biological Influences 103 INTRODUCTION 103 CELLULAR ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 104 NEUROCHEMICAL TRANSMISSION 105 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 107 METHODOLOGY 111 SUMMARY 114 REFERENCES 114 Part II: MAJOR DISORDERS AND PROBLEMS 117 Chapter 7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder 119 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISORDER AND CLINICAL PICTURE 119 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 121 EPIDEMIOLOGY 122 ETIOLOGY 123 CLINICAL COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS 125 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 126 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT 128 TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS 129 SUMMARY 131 REFERENCES 131 Chapter 8: Panic and Agoraphobia 139 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISORDER AND CLINICAL PICTURE 139 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 140 EPIDEMIOLOGY 141 ETIOLOGY 142 COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS 144 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 145 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT 146 TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS 147 CONCLUDING COMMENTS 149 NOTE 149 REFERENCES 150 Chapter 9: Social Anxiety Disorder 156 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISORDER AND CLINICAL PICTURE 156 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 157 EPIDEMIOLOGY 158 ETIOLOGY 159 COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS 160 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 162 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT 164 TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS 165 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 167 REFERENCES 167 Chapter 10: Specific Phobias 172 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISORDER AND CLINICAL PICTURE 172 EPIDEMIOLOGY 173 COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS 174 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT 174 ETIOLOGY 175 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 176 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 178 TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS 179 SUMMARY 181 REFERENCES 181 Chapter 11: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 187 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISORDER AND CLINICAL PICTURE 187 EPIDEMIOLOGY 189 ETIOLOGY 189 COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS 190 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 191 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT 194 TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS 194 REFERENCES 199 Chapter 12: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 207 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISORDER AND CLINICAL PICTURE 207 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 207 EPIDEMIOLOGY 209 ETIOLOGY 210 COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS 212 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 213 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT 214 TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS 214 PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY FOR PTSD 215 CONCLUDING COMMENT 216 REFERENCES 216 Chapter 13: Major Depressive Disorder 225 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISORDER AND CLINICAL PICTURE 225 DEPRESSIVE SUBTYPES 226 CHANGES IN REGIONAL CEREBRAL METABOLISM 227 COMORBIDITY 228 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 229 EPIDEMIOLOGY 230 ETIOLOGY 232 COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS 235 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 236 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT 237 TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS 238 SUMMARY 241 REFERENCES 242 Chapter 14: Dysthymia and Minor Depression 249 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISORDER AND CLINICAL PICTURE 249 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 251 EPIDEMIOLOGY 252 ETIOLOGY 252 COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS 253 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 254 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT 255 TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS 255 CONCLUDING COMMENTS 258 REFERENCES 258 Chapter 15: Bipolar Disorder 262 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISORDER AND CLINICAL PICTURE 262 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, AND COMORBIDITY 264 EPIDEMIOLOGY 265 ETIOLOGY 265 COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS 266 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT 267 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 267 TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS 268 SUMMARY 274 REFERENCES 274 Chapter 16: Schizophrenia 280 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISORDER AND CLINICAL PICTURE 280 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 280 EPIDEMIOLOGY 281 ETIOLOGY 282 COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS 283 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 284 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT 286 TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS 287 REFERENCES 290 Chapter 17: Organic Mental Disorder 296 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISORDER AND CLINICAL PICTURE 296 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 298 EPIDEMIOLOGY 299 ETIOLOGY 300 COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS 302 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 304 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA 306 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT 306 TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS 308 SUMMARY 311 REFERENCES 311 Chapter 18: Borderline Personality Disorder 317 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISORDER AND CLINICAL PICTURE 317 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 318 EPIDEMIOLOGY 319 ETIOLOGY 320 COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS 323 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 325 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT 326 TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS 327 POSTSCRIPT 329 REFERENCES 329 Chapter 19: Other Personality Disorders 334 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISORDER AND CLINICAL PICTURE 334 EPIDEMIOLOGY 338 ETIOLOGY 339 COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS 340 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 341 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT 343 TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS 344 NOTE 345 REFERENCES 345 Chapter 20: Alcohol Abuse and Dependence 355 ALCOHOL ABUSE DISORDERS 355 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISORDER AND CLINICAL PICTURE 355 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 357 EPIDEMIOLOGY 358 ETIOLOGY 359 COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS 360 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 361 ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES 362 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT 364 TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS 365 FUTURE DIRECTIONS 366 REFERENCES 367 Chapter 21: Drug Abuse and Dependence 372 DRUG ABUSE DISORDERS 372 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISORDER AND CLINICAL PICTURE 372 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 374 EPIDEMIOLOGY 374 ETIOLOGY 375 COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS 376 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 378 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT 380 TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS 381 CONCLUSIONS 383 REFERENCES 384 Chapter 22: Gambling and Impulse Disorders 388 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISORDER AND CLINICAL PICTURE 388 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 391 EPIDEMIOLOGY 393 ETIOLOGY 394 COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS 396 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 398 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT 399 TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS 400 REFERENCES 402 Chapter 23: Eating Disorders 407 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISORDER AND CLINICAL PICTURE 407 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 409 EPIDEMIOLOGY 411 ETIOLOGY 412 COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS 413 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 413 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT 414 TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS 415 CONCLUSIONS 418 REFERENCES 418 Chapter 24: Psychophysiological Disorders: Headache as a Case in Point 427 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISORDER AND CLINICAL PICTURE 427 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 428 EPIDEMIOLOGY 429 ETIOLOGY 430 COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS 430 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 431 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT 434 TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS 435 SUMMARY 437 REFERENCES 437 Chapter 25: Sexual Dysfunction 441 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISORDER AND CLINICAL PICTURE 441 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 442 EPIDEMIOLOGY 443 ETIOLOGY 444 COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS 445 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 446 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT 447 TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS 449 REFERENCES 451 Chapter 26: Sexual Deviation 454 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISORDER AND CLINICAL PICTURE 454 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 455 EPIDEMIOLOGY 457 ETIOLOGY 457 COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS 459 COMPLICATING FACTORS 460 PROGNOSIS 460 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 460 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT 462 TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS 463 NOTE 464 REFERENCES 464 Chapter 27: Marital Dysfunction 468 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISORDER AND CLINICAL PICTURE 468 INTERPERSONAL INDICATORS OF MARITAL DISCORD 468 INTRAINDIVIDUAL INDICATORS OF MARITAL DISCORD 469 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND GENETIC INFLUENCES 470 EPIDEMIOLOGY 472 ETIOLOGY 473 AN INTEGRATIVE ETIOLOGICAL/MAINTENANCE MODEL 474 COURSE, COMPLICATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS 476 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 476 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT 478 TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS 478 CONCLUSIONS 480 REFERENCES 480 Part III: TREATMENT APPROACHES 485 Chapter 28: Psychodynamic Psychotherapy 487 INTRODUCTION 487 BASIC PREMISES OF PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY 487 BASIC PREMISES OF PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY 491 EMPIRICAL SUPPORT FOR PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY 495 SUMMARY 500 NOTE 500 REFERENCES 500 Chapter 29: Cognitive Behavioral Treatment 505 INTRODUCTION 505 CBT: HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHICAL BASES 505 DEPRESSION 506 ANXIETY DISORDERS 507 SUBSTANCE ABUSE 510 EATING DISORDERS 511 SCHIZOPHRENIA 513 PERSONALITY DISORDERS 514 SUMMARY AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 517 REFERENCES 518 Chapter 30: Psychopharmacological Interventions 521 ANTIPSYCHOTICS 521 ANTIDEPRESSANTS 523 ANTICONVULSANTS 526 ANXIOLYTICS AND HYPNOTICS 528 COGNITIVE ENHANCERS I: MEMORY ENHANCERS 531 COGNITIVE ENHANCERS II: STIMULANTS AND OTHER ADHD MEDICATIONS 532 SUMMARY 533 REFERENCES 533 Author Index 537 Subject Index 553 Presents The Foundations Of Major Theories Of Personality. Volume 1 Describes Specialized Theoretical Models And Demonstrates The Impact That Personality Has On Functioning. Volumes 2 And 3 Describe The Major Classifications Of Psychological Disorders In Adults And Children As Well As The Most Popular Treatment Modalities. Throughout The Work, Researchers And Clinicians Present Data Reflecting The Influence Of Personality And Psychological Problems On An Individual's Ability To Interact With Family And Peers, And Perform In The Work Or School Environment, A Feature Unique To This Reference Work. V. 1. Personality And Everyday Functioning / Jay C. Thomas, Daniel L. Segal, Volume Editors -- V. 2. Adult Psychopathology / Frank Andrasik, Volume Editor -- V. 3. Child Psychopathology / Robert T. Ammerman, Volume Editor. Michel Hersen, Jay C. Thomas, Editors-in-chief. Includes Bibliographical References And Indexes. Child Psychopathology presents an overview of the classification and diagnosis; genetic, sociological, and neuropsychiatric influences; and research and behavioral considerations of psychopathology in infants and children. This state-of-the-art volume also includes the latest research on the major childhood disorders and discusses the three most popular treatment approaches. Adult Psychopathology presents an overview of the classification and diagnosis; epidemiology; genetic, sociocultural, and biological influences; and research and behavioral considerations of psychopathology in adults. This state-of-the-art volume also includes the latest research on the major disorders and discusses the three most popular treatment approaches. Personality and Everyday Functioning covers the foundations of personality theory and the impact of personality on normal functioning. Leading personality researchers present chapters on major theories of personality, such as psychoanalytic, developmental, behavioral, and constructivist, to name a few.