Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry II - From Biology to Nanotechnology 2 ed. in 10 Vol.Set Volume 03 - Coordination Chemistry of s, p, and f Metals

McCleverty J.A. (ed.) Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry II - From Biology to Nanotechnology 2 ed. in 10 Vol.Set Volume 03 - Coordination Chemistry of s, p, and f Metals 2003 [pdf 612sc 608+1c. 23.11mb]Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry II (CCC II) is the sequel to what has become a classic in the field, Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry, published in 1987. CCC II builds on the first and surveys new developments authoritatively in over 200 newly comissioned chapters, with an emphasis on current trends in biology, materials science and other areas of contemporary scientific interest. Cover Page 1 Introduction to Volume 3 2 COMPREHENSIVE COORDINATION CHEMISTRY II 3 Volumes 4 Info on Volume 3 5 Volume 3 6 3.1 Group 1s and 2s Metals 6 Introduction and Review of Coordination Properties 6 Trends since the Mid-1980s 7 Increased Use of Sterically Bulky Ligands 8 Recognition of the Importance of Non-ionic Interactions 8 Reappraisal of the "Spectator" Role of s-Block Ions 10 Application of Computational Methods to Complexes 11 Macrocyclic Compounds 13 Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 13 Group 16 Ligands 15 Crown ethers 15 Cryptands and related species 19 Calixarenes 20 Alkalides and electrides 25 Nonmacrocyclic Complexes 27 Hydroborates 27 Group 14 Ligands 29 Group 15 Ligands 32 Nitrogen donor ligands 32 Amides, especially bis(trimethylsilyl)amides 32 Imidoalkalis 38 Thiocyanates 39 N-donor stabilized metal-centered radicals 41 Other nitrogen donor ligands 42 Phosphorus donor ligands 46 Neutral phosphines 46 Monosubstituted phosphido complexes 46 Disubstituted phosphido complexes 48 Arsenic donor ligands 52 Group 16 Ligands 55 Oxygen donor ligands 55 Carboxylates 56 Diketonates 58 Enolates 60 Alkoxides and aryloxides 64 Other oxygen donor ligands 68 Chemical vapor deposition 70 Sulfur donor ligands 72 Selenium and tellurium donor ligands 76 Group 17 Ligands 80 References 84 3.2 Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides 98 Scandium 99 Introduction 99 Group 14 Ligands 99 Group 15 Ligands 100 Ammonia and amines 100 Thiocyanates 100 Amides 101 Compounds of porphyrins and other macrocyclic ligands 101 Compounds with P- and N, P-donor ligands 102 Group 16 Ligands 103 Salts and the aqua ion 103 Anhydrous and hydrated salts 103 The scandium aqua ion 106 Hydroxide complexes 106 Complexes of other group 16-donor ligands 107 Alkoxides 108 Diketonates and other chelating ligands 108 Crown ether complexes and related systems 109 Mixed Group 15 and 16 Donors 111 Complexes of Group 17 Ligands 111 Binary halides and simple complexes 111 Other halide complexes 112 Yttrium And The Lanthanides 113 Introduction 113 Group 14 Ligands 114 Alkyls 114 Group 15 Ligands 116 Ammonia and other monodentate neutral ligands 116 Nitrile complexes 117 2,2`-Bipyridyl, 1,10-phenanthroline and other bidentate neutral ligands 117 Complexes of terpyridyl and other tridentate ligands 119 Amides and pyrazolides 126 Polypyrazolylborates 130 Thiocyanate 131 Group 15 Ligands Involving Phosphorus 131 Group 16 Ligands Involving Oxygen 132 The aqua ion and hydrated salts 132 Phosphine and arsine oxides, and other neutral monodentate donors 136 Diketonates 140 Alkoxides and aryloxides 143 Mixed Group 15 and 16 Donors 147 MRI agents 147 EDTA complexes 148 Complexes of DTPA and its derivatives 148 Complexes of DOTA and other complexing agents 152 Complexes of mixed Group 15 and 16 donors as spectroscopic probes 156 Complexes of Macrocycles Involving Group 15 and 16 Donors 158 Porphyrins and phthalocyanines 158 Texaphyrins 162 Crown ethers and other macrocycles 162 Calixarenes 166 Group 16 Ligands Involving Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium 166 Group 17 ligands 168 Complexes of the Ln2beta ion 168 Group 14 ligands 168 Group 15 ligands involving nitrogen 169 Group 15 ligands involving phosphorus 171 Group 16 ligands involving oxygen 171 Group 16 ligands involving sulfur, selenium, and tellurium 173 Group 17 ligands 174 Complexes of the Ln4+ ion 174 Group 15 ligands 174 Group 16 ligands 175 Group 17 ligands 176 References 176 3.3 The Actinides 194 Introduction 195 Historical Development of Actinide Coordination Chemistry 195 Characteristics of the actinides 196 Coordination numbers and geometries 197 Early Actinide Metals-Thorium to Plutonium 197 Trivalent Oxidation State 199 General characteristics 199 Simple donor ligands 199 Ligands containing anionic group 15 donor atoms 199 Amide ligands 199 Polypyrazolylborate ligands 200 Ligands containing neutral group 15 donor atoms 201 Ammonia 201 Ammonia 201 Nitriles 202 Phosphines 202 Ligands containing anionic group 16 donor atoms 202 Oxides 202 Hydroxides 202 Carbonates 202 Nitrates and Phosphates 203 Sulfates 203 Alkoxide Compounds 203 Triflate complexes 204 Sulfur donor ligands 204 Ligands containing neutral group 16 donor atoms 204 Aqua species 204 Ethers, cyclic ethers 205 Carbamides 206 Phosphine oxides 206 Ligands containing group 17 donor atoms 206 Binary halides 206 Complex halides 206 Chelating ligands 207 Multidentate donor ligands 207 Hydroxamate 207 Catecholate 207 8-Hydroxyquinoline and derivatives 207 Oxalate 207 Polyoxometallates 207 Macrocyclic ligands 207 Crown ethers 207 Borohydride and aluminohydride ligands 208 Tetravalent Oxidation State 209 General characteristics 209 Simple donor ligands 209 Ligands containing group 14 donor atoms 209 209 Amide complexes 209 Amidinate complexes 213 Phosphide complexes 213 Polypyrazolylborate ligands 213 Thiocyanate and selenocyanate 215 Sulfenamide 216 Ligands containing neutral group 15 donor atoms 216 Ammonia 216 Amines, hydrazines, and hydroxylamines 216 Heterocyclic ligands 217 Nitriles 218 Aliphatic phosphines 218 Arsines 218 Ligands containing anionic group 16 donor atoms 219 Oxides 219 Hydroxides 219 Peroxides and other dichalcogenides 219 Carbonates 220 Carboxylates 222 Nitrates 222 Phosphates 224 Sulfates and sulfites 225 Perchlorates and iodates 226 Oxides 219 Oxides 219 Ligands containing neutral group 16 donor atoms 230 Aqua species 230 Ethers, cyclic ethers 230 Alcohols 230 Ketones, aldehydes, esters 230 Carbamides 230 Ureas 231 N-oxides, phosphine oxides, arsine oxides, and related ligands 232 Sulfoxides 235 Thioethers 235 Aqua species 230 Ligands containing group 17 donor atoms 235 Binary halides 235 Complex halides 236 Oxohalides 238 Chelating ligand 238 Multidentate donor ligands 238 Hydroxamates, cupferron, and related ligands 238 Catecholate 240 Pyoverdin 241 Pyridonate 241 8-Hydroxyquinoline and derivatives 242 Carbamate 243 Oxalate 243 beta-Diketonates 245 CMPO 248 Hydroxamates, cupferron, and related ligands 238 Hydroxamates, cupferron, and related ligands 238 Hydroxamates, cupferron, and related ligands 238 Schiff base-derived ligands 252 Macrocyclic ligands 253 N-Heterocyclic ligands 253 Crown ethers 256 Borohydride ligands 257 Tetravalent Oxidation State (Am, Cm, Bk, Cf) 258 General characteristics 258 Simple donor ligands 258 Ligands containing group 16 donor atoms 258 Oxides 258 Hydroxides 259 Ligands containing group 17 donor atoms 259 Ammonia and amines 259 Heterocyclic ligands 259 Nitriles 259 Phosphines, arsines 259 Thiocyanate and selenocyanate 260 Diamides 260 Oxides 260 Hydroxides 260 Carbonates and Carboxylates 260 Nitrates 261 Phosphates and arsenates 262 Sulfates and selenates 262 Perchlorates and iodates 262 Alkoxide complexes 262 Thiolate complexes 264 Ligands containing neutral group 16 donor atoms 264 Aqua species 264 Ethers 264 Ketones, aldehydes, esters 264 Carbamides 264 Urea 265 Phosphine oxide 265 Sulfoxide 265 Phosphine sulfide, phosphine selenide 265 Ligands containing Group 17 ligands 265 Binary halides 265 Complex halides 266 Oxohalides 266 Chelating ligand 238 beta-Diketonates 266 Hydroxamate 266 8-Hydroxyquinoline and derivatives 266 Oxalate 266 Diamides 266 Polyoxometallates 267 Other 267 N-Heterocyclic ligands 267 Crown ethers 267 Hexavalent Oxidation State 267 General characteristics 267 Simple donor ligands 268 Ligands containing group 14 donor atoms 268 Ligands containing anionic group 15 donor atoms 268 Amidinate ligands 269 Pyrazolylborate 269 Phosphoraniminato complexes 269 Cyanate and thiocyanate 270 Azide 271 Macrocyclic ligands 271 N-Heterocyclic ligands 271 Calixarenes 271 Crown ethers 273 Ligands containing anionic group 16 donor atoms 273 Oxides 273 Hydroxides 275 Peroxides 276 Carbonates 276 Nitrates 278 Phosphates 278 Arsenates 280 Molybdates 280 Sulfates and sulfites 280 Oxides 273 Oxides 273 Oxides 273 Oxides 273 Ligands containing neutral group 16 donor atoms 284 Aqua species 284 Ethers 284 Alcohols 286 Ketones, aldehydes, esters 286 Carbamide and related ligands 286 Ureas 288 Nitroalkanes 288 Amine N-oxides, phosphine oxides, arsine oxides, and related ligands 288 Sulfoxides 293 Aqua species 284 Ligands containing group 17 ligands 294 Binary halides 294 Complex halides 294 Oxohalides 294 Chelating ligands 295 Multidentate donor ligands 295 Hydroxamates, cupferron and related ligands 295 Catecholate 296 Pyridonate 296 8-Hydroxyquinoline and derivatives 296 Carbamate 298 Oxalate 298 beta-Diketonates 303 Amino acids 304 CMPO 304 Hydroxamates, cupferron and related ligands 295 Hydroxamates, cupferron and related ligands 295 Hydroxamates, cupferron and related ligands 295 Schiff base ligands 307 Macrocyclic ligands 271 N-Heterocyclic ligands 271 Calixarenes 271 Crown ethers 273 Heptavalent Oxidation State 315 General characteristics 315 Simple donor ligands 315 Ligands containing group 16 donor atoms 315 Chelating ligands 316 The Later Actinide Metals-Transplutonium Elements 316 Divalent Oxidation State (Am, Cm, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No) 317 General characteristics 317 Simple donor ligands 317 Ligands containing group 16 donor atoms 317 Oxides and aqueous 317 Ligands containing group 17 donor atoms 317 Trivalent Oxidation State (Am-Lr) 318 General characteristics 318 Simple donor ligands 318 Ligands containing group 15 donor atoms 318 Ligands containing group 16 donor atoms 318 Oxides 318 Hydroxide, aqua, and hydrates 318 Oxoanions 319 Carbonates and carboxylates 319 Phosphoric, phosphinic, and phosphonic acid 320 Phosphine oxides 322 Ligands containing group 17 donor atoms 322 Chelating ligands 323 0 beta-Diketonates 266 Other 267 Diamides 260 Diphosphinic acids 326 Other 327 Macrocyclic ligands 328 Tetravalent Oxidation State (Am, Cm, Bk, Cf) 258 General characteristics 258 Simple donor ligands 258 Ligands containing group 16 donor atoms 258 Oxides 258 Hydroxides 259 Carbonates and carboxylates 329 Other 330 Ligands containing group 17 donor atoms 259 Chelating ligands 323 0 beta-Diketonates 266 Other 267 Pentavalent Oxidation State (Am) 330 General characteristics 330 Simple donor ligands 331 Ligands containing group 16 donor atoms 331 Oxide 331 Aquo and hydroxides 331 Carbonates and carboxylates 331 Oxoanion complexes 331 Ligands containing group 17 donor atoms 331 Hexavalent Oxidation State(Am) 332 General characteristics 332 Ligands containing group 16 donor atoms 332 Oxides 332 Aqua, hydroxides 332 Oxoanion complexes 332 Carbonates and carboxylates 332 Other 333 Ligands containing group 17 donor atoms 333 Heptavalent Oxidation State 333 Other Sources 333 Acknowledgement 333 References 334 3.4 Aluminum and Gallium 351 Aluminum 351 Introduction 351 Group 14 Ligands 352 Group 15 Ligands 356 Nitrogen ligands 356 Phosphorus and arsenic ligands 359 Group 16 Ligands 361 Oxygen ligands 361 Crown ethers 362 Sulfur, selenium, and tellurium ligands 365 Sulfur-based crown ethers 366 Group 17 Ligands 367 Hydride ligands 367 Halide ligands 367 Compounds Containing Al-Al Bonds 368 Neutral compounds containing the Al-Al bond 368 Radical anions: A degree of multiple bonding in the Al-Al bond 371 Gallium 371 Introduction 371 Group 14 Ligands 372 Group 15 Ligands 376 Nitrogen ligands 376 Phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony ligands 376 Group 16 Ligands 377 Crown ethers 377 Group 17 Ligands 377 Two-coordinate gallium centers 377 Compounds Containing Ga-Ga Bonds 379 Neutral compounds containing the Ga-Ga bond 379 Radical anions and multiple bond character 383 Cyclogallenes and metalloaromaticity 383 Ga-Ga triple bonds 384 References 384 3.5 Indium and Thallium 387 Indium 387 Introduction 387 Indium (III) 388 Group 14 ligands 388 Carbon ligands 388 Silicon, germanium, tin, and lead ligands 388 Group 15 ligands 389 Nitrogen ligands 389 Phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth ligands 399 Group 16 ligands 400 Oxygen ligands 400 Sulfur, selenium, tellurium ligands 405 Group 17 ligands 411 Halides and carbon ligands 412 Halides and group 15 and group 16 ligands 413 Halides and multidentate ligands 415 Anionic complexes with halide ligands 416 Hydride ligands 417 Mixed-donor-atom ligands 419 Indium (II) 420 Group 14 ligands 420 Group 15 ligands 421 Group 16 ligands 424 Group 17 ligands 424 Hydride ligands 417 Indium(I) 425 Group 14 ligands 425 Group 15 ligands 426 Group 16 ligands 427 Group 17 ligands 429 Thallium 429 Introduction 429 Thallium (III) 430 Group 14 ligands 430 Carbon ligands 430 Silicon, germanium, tin, and lead ligands 430 Group 15 ligands 431 Nitrogen ligands 431 Phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth ligands 433 Group 16 ligands 434 Oxygen ligands 434 Sulfur, selenium, tellurium ligands 434 Group 17 ligands 435 Hydride ligands 437 Thallium (II) 437 Thallium (I) 439 Group 14 ligands 439 Group 15 ligands 439 Nitrogen ligands 439 Group 16 ligands 449 Oxygen ligands 449 Sulfur, selenium, tellurium ligands 451 Group 17 ligands 454 Hydride ligands 454 References 454 3.6 Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth 468 Introduction 468 Arsenic 469 Group 14 Compounds 469 Group 15 Compounds 470 Group 16 Compounds 471 Group 17 Compounds 477 Arsenic in the Environment, Biology, and Medicine 481 Antimony 482 Group 14 Compounds 482 Group 15 Compounds 482 N-donor ligands 482 P-, As-, and Sb-donor ligands 484 Group 16 Compounds 485 O-donor ligands 485 S-, Se-, and Te-donor ligands 493 Group 17 Ligands 499 Antimony in the Environment, Biology, and Medicine 507 Bismuth 507 Group 14 Compounds 507 Group 15 Compounds 508 N-donor ligands 508 P- and As-donor ligands 514 Group 16 Compounds 515 O-donor ligands 515 N/O-donor ligands 521 S-, Se-, and Te-donor ligands 525 S/O- and S/N-donor ligands 532 Group 17 Compounds 534 Bismuth in the Environment, Biology, and Medicine 537 References 537 3.7 Germanium, Tin, and Lead 548 Introduction 548 Complexes with Carbon Donor Ligands 549 Complexes with M(14)-M(14) Bonds 550 Complexes with M(14)-M(14) Homoelement Bonds 550 Complexes with M(14)-M(14) Heteroelement Bonds 554 Complexes with Group 15 Ligands 556 Complexes with Neutral Monodentate Nitrogen Ligands 556 Complexes with Anionic Monodentate Nitrogen Ligands 557 Complexes with Neutral Bidentate Nitrogen Ligands 561 Complexes with Anionic Bidentate Nitrogen Ligands 564 Complexes with Polypyrazolyl Ligands 565 Complexes with Tridentate Nitrogen Ligands 568 Complexes with Tetradentate Nitrogen Ligands 568 Complexes with Polydentate Nitrogen Ligands 570 Complexes with Phosphorus or Arsenic Ligands 573 Complexes of MIV with phosphines or arsines 573 Complexes of MII with phosphines or arsines 574 Complexes of MIV with phosphides or arsinides 575 Complexes of MII with phosphides or arsinides 576 Complexes with Group 16 Ligands 578 Complexes with Neutral Oxygen Ligands 578 Complexes with Anionic Monodentate Oxygen Ligands 579 Complexes with Monoanionic Bidentate Oxygen Ligands 581 Complexes with Carboxylates or Phosphinates 582 Complexes with Dianionic Bidentate Oxygen Ligands 585 Complexes with Neutral Sulfur Ligands 587 Complexes of Anionic Monodentate Sulfur, Selenium, or Tellurium Ligands 587 Complexes of Anionic Bidentate Sulfur, Selenium, or Tellurium Ligands 589 Complexes of Dianionic Bidentate Sulfur, Selenium, or Tellurium Ligands 590 Complexes with Group 17 Ligands 591 Complexes of Hydride Ligands 593 Complexes of Ligands with Mixed Donor Sets 594 Complexes of Heterobidentate Ligands 594 Complexes of Heterotridentate Ligands 596 Complexes of Heterotetradentate Ligands 599 Complexes of Heterodonor Ligands of Higher Denticity 599 References 602 3.8 Appendix to Volume 3 612 V. 1. Fundamentals : Ligands, Complexes, Synthesis, Purification, And Structure -- V. 2. Fundamentals : Physical Methods, Theoretical Analysis, And Case Studies -- V. 3. Coordination Chemistry Of The S, P, And F Metals -- V. 4. Transition Metal Groups 3-6 -- V. 5. Transition Metal Groups 7 And 8 -- V. 6. Transition Metal Groups 9-12 -- V. 7. From The Molecular To The Nanoscale : Synthesis, Structure, And Properties -- V. 8. Bio-coordination Chemistry -- V. 9. Applications Of Coordination Chemistry -- V. 10. Cumulative Subject Index. Editors-in-chief, Jon A. Mccleverty, Thomas J. Meyer. Includes Bibliographical References And Indexes.