Comparative kinesiology of the human body - normal and pathological conditions

Cover Page Cover image Title page Table of Contents Copyright Dedication List of contributors Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Part 1: History and basics of kinesiology Chapter 1. Past, present and future of kinesiology Abstract Historical perspective of the kinesiology studies Development of kinesiology in modern age Kinesiology in 21st century and beyond References Chapter 2. Principles of kinesiology Abstract Basic information Mathematical fundamentals Kinematics Kinetics Newton’s laws Levers Equilibrium References Chapter 3. Fundamentals of human movement, its control and energetics Abstract How does a purposeful movement start? Neural control mechanisms of reflex and purposeful movements Energetics in human movement Doubly labeled water (DLW) method Direct calorimetry Indirect calorimetry Conclusion References Chapter 4. Architecture of human joints and their movement Abstract Classification of joints Osteokinematics and arthrokinematics Patho-architecture of joints References Part 2: Tissues Chapter 5. Morphogenesis and biomechanics of the human embryo and fetus Abstract Embryologic development Biomechanics of human uterus, embryo and fetus References Chapter 6. Architecture of bone tissue and its adaptation to pathological conditions Abstract Introduction Macroscopic Bone Types Microstructure of the Bone Mechanical Properties of Bone Bone tissue in different life stages Adaptation of the bone tissue to pathological conditions Conclusion References Chapter 7. Architecture of cartilage tissue and its adaptation to pathological conditions Abstract Introduction Microstructure of the cartilage Mechanical properties of the cartilage Cartilage tissue in different life stages Adaptation of the cartilage to pathological conditions References Chapter 8. Architecture of muscle tissue and its adaptation to pathological conditions Abstract Introduction Microstructure of the muscle tissue Basic architectural definitions Mechanical properties of the muscle Muscle tissue in different life stages Architectural adaptation of the muscle to pathological conditions Muscle architecture based planning in rehabilitation approaches Conclusion References Chapter 9. Architecture of tendon and ligament and their adaptation to pathological conditions Abstract Introduction Architecture of tendons Tendon response to loading, injury, and healing Architecture of ligaments Ligament response to loading, injury, and healing Comparison of tendons and ligaments Affecting factors for the architectures of tendons and ligaments Conclusion Acknowledgments References Further reading Chapter 10. Architecture of fascia and its adaptation to pathological conditions Abstract Introduction Fascia Fascial pathologies References Part 3: Upper extremity Chapter 11. Kinesiology of the shoulder complex Abstract Introduction Bones of the shoulder complex Joints of shoulder complex Muscles of shoulder complex References Chapter 12. Kinesiology of the elbow complex Abstract Introduction Anatomy Osteology Arthrology Kinematics Muscles Stability Instability Elbow kinesiology in acute traumatic injuries Elbow trauma and its sequela Elbow injuries in the athlete Medial elbow pain Lateral elbow pain Posterior elbow pain Anterior elbow pain Abbreviations References Chapter 13. Kinesiology of the wrist and the hand Abstract Kinesiology of the wrist Introduction Osteology Artrology Kinesiology of the Hand Introduction Osteology Artrology Part 4: Trunk and pelvis Chapter 14. Kinesiology of the temporomandibular joint Abstract Introduction Structure of the temporomandibular joint Kinematics of the temporomandibular joint Kinetics of the temporomandibular joint Pathomechanics of the temporomandibular joint References Chapter 15. Kinesiology of the cervical vertebral column Abstract Introduction Functional anatomy Kinesiology of the normal cervical vertebral column Cervical vertebral column in pathological conditions References Chapter 16. Kinesiology of the thoracic vertebral column Abstract Introduction Functional anatomy Kinesiology of the thoracic vertebral column Thoracic vertebral column in pathological conditions References Chapter 17. Kinesiology of the lumbar vertebral column Abstract Introduction Functional anatomy Kinesiology of the lumbar vertebral column Lumbar vertebral column in pathological conditions References Chapter 18. Kinesiology of the pelvis Abstract Introduction Bones of the pelvis Pelvis-related joints Motions of pelvis on the femur Pelvic motion during human gait Femoral movements on the pelvis Pelvic pathomechanics in specific orthopedic conditions References Part 5: Cardiorespiratory system Chapter 19. Kinesiology of respiration Abstract Introduction Structure of thorax and lungs Respiratory system in different life stages: newborn, child, adult, and elderly Pathomechanics of the respiration Acknowledgments References Chapter 20. Biomechanics of circulation Abstract Biomechanics of circulation Biomechanics of heart as a pumping device Biomechanics of blood flow in arteries and veins Biomechanics of blood flow in lungs References Part 6: Lower extremity Chapter 21. Kinesiology of the hip Abstract Introduction Acetabulum Femoral head and neck Ligamets of the hip joint Muscle dynamics Hip joint biomechanics Movements of the hip joint Hip pathologies Hip pathomechanics in specific orthopedic conditions References Chapter 22. Kinesiology of the knee joint Abstract Introduction Tibiofemoral joint Patellofemoral joint Muscular actions Tibiofemoral joint passive static restraints References Chapter 23. Ankle and foot complex Abstract Introduction Bones of the ankle and foot Joints of the ankle and foot Foot arches Muscles of the ankle and foot References Part 7: Sensory-motor integration and performance Chapter 24. Motor control and sensory-motor integration of human movement Abstract Physiological basis of motor control Sensory-motor feedback and perception of movement Motor control and sensory-motor integration in different life stages The concepts of human motor control Linear force Rotatory force Torque Disabilities of sensory-motor integration and pathological conditions References Further reading Chapter 25. Motor learning Abstract Introduction Learning hypotheses Stages of motor learning Learning skill in different life stages Disability of motor learning Motor learning in rehabilitation References Chapter 26. Balance and postural control Abstract Definition of balance and posture Sensory-motor background of balance and postural control Balance maintaining strategies Balance and posture in pathological conditions References Chapter 27. The effects of weightlessness on human body: spatial orientation, sensory-integration and sensory-compensation Abstract Physical adaptation Musculoskeletal and movement adaptations Spatial orientation Sensory-compensation: sensory integration and sensory weighting Sensory-compensation in weightlessness Sensory compensation and cognitive functions Conclusion References Further reading Part 8: Locomotion Chapter 28. Evolution of bipedalism Abstract Introduction Evolving ideas and theories Evolution of bipedalism Bipedal gait References Chapter 29. Kinesiology of the human gait Abstract Introduction Gait Gait terminology Gait development Normal gait Methods in gait analysis Ambulation profiles Observational gait analysis (OGA) Kinematic analysis Kinetic analysis Electromyography (EMG) Energy consumption Plantar pressure analysis Physical evaluation and functional scales Gait sub-phases Initial contact Loading response Mid-stance phase Terminal stance phase Pre-swing phase Initial swing phase Mid-swing phase Terminal swing phase References Chapter 30. Biomechanical principles of the exercise design Abstract Introduction Basic principles of exercise Mechanical basis of exercise design Exercise training Exercise training across lifespan References Index