Community-Based Reconstruction of Society : University Involvement and Lessons From East Japan Compared with Those From Kobe, Aceh, and Sichuan

"This volume presents an academic proposal, developed by a joint research group of leading scholars in the social and natural sciences from universities affected by global-scale mega disasters occurring in Asia in recent decades. These include Kobe University, which experienced the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake; Tohoku University and Iwate University, both at the center of post-disaster reconstruction following the 2011 East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami; Syiah Kuala University in Aceh, Indonesia, which was hard-hit by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami; and Sichuan University, which took a leading role in post-disaster recovery following the 2004 Sichuan Earthquake. Presenting a comparative analysis focused on lessons learned from the recovery phase following the East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, the book addresses in detail the questions of what should be done to enable truly community-based town planning, and what roles should be played by universities in order to achieve those goals"--Springer Foreword 6 Contents 8 BPartTitle 10 1 Challenges in Residents-Centered Reconstruction Process from a Major Disaster Lessons Learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake 11 Abstract 11 1.1 Introduction 11 1.2 Participation by Residents in Making Reconstruction Plans 12 1.3 Benefits and Problems of Participation by Residents 14 1.4 How Experts Should Give Assistance 18 1.5 Conclusions 20 2 Reconstruction of Communities: Lessons from Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and East Japan Earthquake 21 Abstract 21 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Government-Centered Recovery After the East Japan Earthquake 22 2.3 Protection of the Property Basis of Early Recovery 24 2.4 Role of Universities 24 2.5 Summary of Lessons 25 References 25 3 Evaluation of Six Years of Reconstruction Since the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake 26 Abstract 26 3.1 Reconsideration of the Nation-Wide and Government-Centered Reconstruction System 26 3.2 Challenges in Spontaneous Development After the Great Sichuan Earthquake 27 3.3 Search for Local Government and Community-Oriented Reconstruction System 28 4 The Recovery Phase in Post-Earthquake Christchurch, New Zealand 30 Abstract 30 4.1 Insurance and the Earthquake Commission 30 4.2 The Government’s Decision to Zone Christchurch Properties 31 4.3 The Empowering Provisions to Acquire Land 32 4.4 The Results of the Red Zoning Decision 32 4.5 The Christchurch Central Business District 33 4.6 The Results 33 4.7 Vacant or Uninsured Red-Zoned Land—Extensive Litigation 34 4.8 Private Insurance Woes 36 4.9 Conclusion 37 4.10 Postscript 37 BPartTitle 38 5 Role of University in the Reconstruction of Disaster-stricken Areas: Connecting the Local Needs with Seeds 39 Abstract 39 5.1 Introduction 39 5.2 Personal Activities 40 5.3 University’s Response in the Emergency and Recovery Stage 40 5.4 Response of the University at the Reconstruction Stage 41 5.5 “Full commitment by Iwate University”—Activities of ORS 42 5.6 What the Past Activities Indicate 46 5.7 Conclusion—Issues in the Future 47 6 The Role of Universities in Passing on Memories of Major Disasters, and Research Activities: Reflections Twenty Years After the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and Four Years After the Great East Japan Earthquake 49 Abstract 49 6.1 Twenty Years Since the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake—Dealing with the Issues of Historicization of the Memories 49 6.2 The Resonance Effect in Passing on Memories—Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and Great East Japan Earthquake 50 6.3 In the Struggle Between Historicization and Generalization into Lessons 51 6.4 The Role of Humanities and Social Sciences in Historicization of Memories 53 6.5 The Role of Universities in Creating a Platform for Memories to Be Passed on as History 54 7 Role of Universities in Disaster Management and Recovery from the Indian Ocean Tsunami: Perspective from Aceh, Indonesia 56 Abstract 56 7.1 Introduction 57 7.2 Post-Tsunami Responses 58 7.2.1 Immediate Response 58 7.2.2 Long-Term Response 59 7.3 Lessons Learned 63 7.4 Conclusion 63 References 63 8 A Case Study of University Involvement in Community-Based Reconstruction: The Coventry University Model 65 Abstract 65 8.1 Progressive Methods for Enhancing Intercultural Competence and Employability 66 8.2 The ‘GED’ Model 67 8.2.1 The Way to Enhancing Community Resilience: A Case Study in Taiwan 69 8.3 Future Recommendations 69 References 70 BPartTitle 71 9 Community-Building Survey of Safety and Living for a Lively Future: Results From Taro, Kuwagsaki, and Unosumai Districts 72 Abstract 72 9.1 Considering the Evaluation/Adjustment Cycle of the Recovery 72 9.2 Taro, Miyako City 77 9.3 Kuwagasaki, Miyako 79 9.4 Unosumai, Kamaishi 82 9.5 Lessons from the Cases 85 References 90 10 Community-Building Survey of Safety and Living for a Lively Future—Results from the Hashikami District of Kesennuma City 91 Abstract 91 10.1 Introduction 91 10.2 Outline of Hashikami, Kesennuma 91 10.3 Subjects of the Survey 93 10.4 Features of the Survey Results in Hashikami and the Background 93 10.5 Conclusion 96 References 96 Front Matter ....Pages i-viii Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 Challenges in Residents-Centered Reconstruction Process from a Major Disaster Lessons Learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake (Michio Ubaura)....Pages 3-12 Reconstruction of Communities: Lessons from Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and East Japan Earthquake (Yuka Kaneko)....Pages 13-17 Evaluation of Six Years of Reconstruction Since the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake (Linsheng Gu, Mingming Xiang, Yi Li)....Pages 19-22 The Recovery Phase in Post-Earthquake Christchurch, New Zealand (Elizabeth Toomey)....Pages 23-30 Front Matter ....Pages 31-31 Role of University in the Reconstruction of Disaster-stricken Areas: Connecting the Local Needs with Seeds (Katsumi Matsuoka)....Pages 33-42 The Role of Universities in Passing on Memories of Major Disasters, and Research Activities: Reflections Twenty Years After the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and Four Years After the Great East Japan Earthquake (Hiroshi Okumura)....Pages 43-49 Role of Universities in Disaster Management and Recovery from the Indian Ocean Tsunami: Perspective from Aceh, Indonesia (Samsul Rizal)....Pages 51-59 A Case Study of University Involvement in Community-Based Reconstruction: The Coventry University Model (Yung-Fang Chen)....Pages 61-66 Front Matter ....Pages 67-67 Community-Building Survey of Safety and Living for a Lively Future: Results From Taro, Kuwagsaki, and Unosumai Districts (Yuka Kaneko)....Pages 69-87 Community-Building Survey of Safety and Living for a Lively Future—Results from the Hashikami District of Kesennuma City (Yuko Araki)....Pages 89-95