راه سوم جمع‌گرایانه: الکساندر مارک و نظم نوین، ۱۹۳۰-۲۰۰۰

Ordre Nouveau's "neither right nor left" movement, based on personalism and revolutionary federalism, helped shape modern Catholic political culture in France, the National Revolution instituted by the Vichy regime, the post-war European movement, and the contemporary European New Right. It influenced European youth exchanges, veterans' organizations, trade unions, religious groups, artists, and architects, even the executive of the French national railway system. In The Communitarian Third Way John Hellman introduces us to the non-conformist Alexandre Marc, a Russian Jew who became a Christian convert and full-time professional revolutionary. Marc helped Le Corbusier launch Plans, imported the existential philosophy of Husserl and Heidegger to France, helped Mounier start Esprit, and was an important force in revitalizing traditional French Catholic political culture. Hellman uses interviews, unpublished correspondence, and diaries to situate Marc and the Ordre Nouveau group in the context of the French, German, and Belgian political culture of that time and explains the degree to which the ON group succeeded in institutionalizing their new order under Pétain. Hellman also examines their post-war legacy, represented by Alain de Benoist and the contemporary European New Right, shedding new light on the linkages between early national socialism and the political culture of Charles de Gaulle, François Mitterrand, and pioneers of the post World War II European movement. Marc helped Le Corbusier launch Plans, imported the existential philosophy of Husserl and Heidegger to France, helped Mounier start Esprit, and was an important force in revitalizing traditional French Catholic political culture. Hellman uses interviews, unpublished correspondence, and diaries to situate Marc and the Ordre Nouveau group in the context of the French, German, and Belgian political culture of that time and explains the degree to which the ON group succeeded in institutionalizing their new order under P tain. Hellman also examines their post-war legacy, represented by Alain de Benoist and the contemporary European New Right, shedding new light on the linkages between early national socialism and the political culture of Charles de Gaulle, Fran ois Mitterrand, and pioneers of the post World War II European movement. Contents Acknowledgments Illustrations Introduction: The Non-Conformist Third Way 1 The Invention of a French Conservative Revolution: Alexandre Marc, Non-Conformism, Young Germany, and Ordre Nouveau 2 The Sohlberg Spirit (January 1931–May 1932) 3 Left-Wing Nazis, Revolutionary Conservatives, and Otto Neumann 4 Hitler: German Adversaries, French Converts, and a Letter to the Chancellor 5 The Sohlbergkreis Heritage, the Paris Riots, and the French Popular Front (6 February 1934–June 1936) 6 Otto Neumann in Belgium, Networking for the New Order (January1933-September 1938) 7 The Munich Agreements, the Fédérés, Defeat and Occupation (29 September 1938 to the Liberation) 8 Alexandre Marc's Memories and the European New Right Notes Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z An introduction to the non-conformist Alexandre Marc, a Russian Jew who became a Christian convert and full-time professional revolutionary. Situating Marc and the Ordre Nouveau group in the context of the political culture of that time, it explains the degree to which the ON group succeeded in institutionalizing their new order under Petain.