[Communications in Computer and Information Science] Formalizing Natural Languages with NooJ 2019 and Its Natural Language Processing Applications Volume 1153 (13th International Conference, NooJ 2019, Hammamet, Tunisia, June 7–9, 2019, Revised Selected P

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference, NooJ 2019, held in Hammamet, Tunisia, in June 2019. NooJ is a linguistic development environment that allows linguists to formalize several levels of linguistic phenomena. NooJ provides linguists with tools to develop dictionaries, regular grammars, context-free grammars, context-sensitive grammars and unrestricted grammars as well as their graphical equivalent to formalize each linguistic phenomenon. The 18 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 54 submissions. The papers are organized in the following tracks: Development of Linguistic Resources, Natural Language Processing Applications, NooJ for the Digital Humanities. Preface Contents Development of Linguistic Resources Recognition of Arabic Phonological Changes by Local Grammars in NooJ Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Phonological Changes 2.1 Assimilation 2.2 Substitution 2.3 Weakening 3 Previous Works 4 Contribution 4.1 Classification 4.2 Dictionary 4.3 Inflectional Grammar 4.4 Morphological Grammar 4.5 Syntactic Grammar 4.6 Examples and Results 5 Conclusion and Perspectives References Lexicon-Grammar Tables Development for Arabic Psychological Verbs Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Lexicon-Grammar Approach 4 Lexicon-Grammar Tables for Arabic Psychological Verbs 4.1 An Overview of the Arabic Psychological Verbs 4.2 Lexicon-Grammar Tables of Arabic Psychological Verbs 5 Implementation 5.1 From Lexicon-Grammar Tables to NooJ Dictionaries 5.2 From Lexicon-Grammar Tables to NooJ Grammars 6 Conclusion and Perspectives References The Identification of English Non-finite Structures Using NooJ Platform Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Previous Studies 2 Objectives of the Study 2.1 Compiling a Corpus 3 Procedure with NooJ Software 4 Implementation and Results 5 Conclusion References Automatic Recognition and Translation of Polysemous Verbs Using the Platform NooJ Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The Polysemy of Communication Verbs 3 The Polysemy of Movement Verbs 4 Automatic Processing of Polysemous Predicates 4.1 Analysis and Recognition of Polysemic Predicates 4.2 The Automatic Translation 5 Conclusion References Negation of Croatian Nouns Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Overview of Negation of Nouns 3 Analysis of Nouns in the Dictionary 4 Morphological Grammar 5 Results 5.1 Test Corpora 5.2 NooJ Grammar Results 6 Conclusion References The Automatic Generation of NooJ Dictionaries from Lexicon-Grammar Tables Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 The Lexicon-Grammar Approach: Theoretical Study 4 The Integration of Lexicon-Grammar Approach in NooJ 5 Implementation and Tests 6 Conclusion and Perspectives References Natural Language Processing Applications The Data Scientist on LinkedIn: Job Advertisement Corpus Processing with NooJ Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Big Data Requires a Big Mind: The Data Scientist 3 Examples of Job Advertisements Corpus Processing 4 Methodology 5 Linguistic Analysis 6 Conclusions References Mining Entrepreneurial Commitment in University Communication: Evidence from Italy Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Communicating the Entrepreneurial Commitment 3 The Lexicon-Grammar Approach to University Communication 4 Methodology 5 Linguistic Analysis 6 Conclusions References Disambiguation for Arabic Question-Answering System Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Proposed Method 3.1 Corpus Study 3.2 Specific Arabic Difficulties Disambiguation 3.3 Specific Difficulties of Medical Domain Disambiguation 4 Experimentation and Evaluation 5 Conclusion References Recognition and Analysis of Opinion Questions in Standard Arabic Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 The Generic Architecture of the Proposed QA System 4 Our Approach 4.1 Question Analysis 4.2 Segmentation 4.3 Passage Retrieval 5 Experiments and Results 5.1 NER 5.2 Recognition and Analysis of Opinion Questions 6 Conclusion References A NooJ Tunisian Dialect Translator Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Linguistic Study 3.1 Verbal Phrase 3.2 Nominal Phrase 4 Proposed Method 4.1 Bilingual Dictionary 4.2 Morphological Grammars 4.3 Local Translation Grammars 5 Experimentation and Evaluation 6 Conclusion and Perspectives References Automatic Text Generation: How to Write the Plot of a Novel with NooJ Abstract 1 ATG and NLP 2 Text Linguistics 3 General Linguistics and Text Linguistics 4 The Basic Structure of a Novel 5 How to Write the Plot of a Novel with NooJ: Electronic Dictionaries and Tag Sets 6 Validation of the Procedure 7 Conclusions References NooJ for the Digital Humanities Arabic Learning Application to Enhance the Educational Process in Moroccan Mid-High Stage Using NooJ Platform Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Previous Works 2.1 Health: A Decision-Support Tool of Medical Plants Using NooJ Platform 2.2 Politics: Generating Alerts from Automatically-Extracted Tweets in Standard Arabic 2.3 Educational Domain: Using Serious Games to Correct French Dictations: Proposal for a New Unity3D/NooJ Connector 3 Language Resources 4 Our Contribution 4.1 The Standard Annotation 4.2 The XML Annotation 5 Implementation of the Application 5.1 The Interface 5.2 The Exercise 6 Conclusion and Perspectives References Causal Discourse Connectors in the Teaching of Spanish as a Foreign Language (SLF) for Portuguese Learners Using NooJ Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 The Research Subject Matter 1.2 The Learners 1.3 The Purpose of Our Paper 1.4 The Corpus 2 Working with NooJ in Spanish 2.1 The “properties.def” File 2.2 The Dictionary 3 Working with NooJ in Portuguese 3.1 The “properties.def” File 3.2 The Dictionary 4 The Grammar 4.1 The Null (PRO+DROP) Subject in the Grammar of Spanish 5 Conclusions Appendix 1 Appendix 2 References Construction of Educational Games with NooJ Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Educational Games 2.1 ProMoNooJ Educational Game 2.2 AlphaNooJ Educational Game 3 Experimentations 3.1 ProMoNooJ Experimentation 3.2 AlphaNooJ Experimentation 4 Conclusion and Future Work References Detecting Hate Speech Online: A Case of Croatian Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Overview and Related Work 3 Preparing the Dictionary Entries 4 Morphological Grammar 5 Syntax Grammar 5.1 Hate Speech Algorithm 5.2 Insults Branch 6 Results 6.1 Test Corpus 6.2 NooJ Grammar Results 6.3 Problems 7 Conclusion and Future Work References Dealing with Producing and Consuming Expressions in Italian Sentiment Analysis Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Problems of Sentiment Composition Rules 4 Proposed Approach 4.1 Analysis of Semantic Components 4.2 System Structure 5 Linguistic Resources 5.1 Domain-Independent Dictionary 5.2 Syntactic Grammar 5.3 Tag Produced 6 Evaluation and Discussion 6.1 Expression Identification 6.2 Polarity Classification and Target Extraction 7 Conclusions and Perspectives References Rule Based Method for Terrorism, Violence and Threat Classification: Application to Arabic Tweets Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Challenges of Identifying Harassment Acts from Arabic Tweets 4 Proposed Method 4.1 Construct Corpus 4.2 Write Patterns 5 Experimentation and Evaluation 6 Conclusion and Future Work References Author Index