Commodore 128 reference guide for programmers

Preface ix 1 General Operating Procedures 1 The Three Main Operating Modes 2 Getting Familiar with the Keyboard 8 Quote-Mode Operations 16 Essential Disk Operations 17 2 BASIC Operations and Programming Procedures 23 Numeric and String Constants for BASIC 24 Numeric and String Variables in BASIC 28 Operators for Commodore BASIC 34 BASIC 7.0 Commands, Statements, and Functions 43 Keyboard Abbreviations of BASIC Operations 92 Dealing with BASIC Error Conditions 96 Tokenized BASIC Formats 106 3 DOS Operating and Programming Procedures 111 Preliminary Considerations 112 DOS-Related Commands, Functions, and Statements 113 DOS-Related Error Conditions 115 The Disk Directory 119 Disk Pormatting Procedures 121 Procedures for Saving Programs on Disk 125 Procedures for Loading Programs from Disk 132 Procedures for Copying Disk Files 138 Procedures for Cleaning Up Disks 140 Using the TEST/DEMO DISKETTE and DOS Shell 143 Sequentia! Text Files 144 Relative File Procedures 150 Direct-Access Disk Procedures 152 4 Monitor and Assembly Language Procedures 161 T~e Monitor's Hexadecimal Format 162 Essential Monitor Operations 163 The Monitor' s Machine-Language Aids 170 Summary of 8502 Op Codes 175 The 8502 Instruction Set 180 5 Introduetion to CP/M Procedures 201 Bringing Up CP/M on the Commodore 128 202 Help for Beginners 202 Summary of CP/M Commands 206 Makinga Backup Copy of the CP/M Disk 212 6 Text Screen Procedures 215 Preliminary Considerations 216 Switching Column Formats 220 Switching Character Sets 224 Setting the Normal/Inverse Character Format 229 Setting Screen and Character Colors 231 Using Cursor Control Features 241 Setting Alternative Text Windows 243 Using the Screen-Editing Features 250 Printing Text from Machine Language Programs 255 Working with the Character Sets 264 Working Directly with Screen Data 272 Using Alternative Screen RAM Locations 276 Writing Directly to the 80-Column Screen 279 7 Bit-Mapped Graphics Procedures 283 Bit-Mapped Screen Formats 284 Plotting Figures on the Graphics Sereens 290 Rescaling the Screen 300 Saving and Reloading Bit-Mapped Shapes 301 Setting Graphics Sereens from Machine Language Routines 304 Working Directly with Standard Bit-Mapped Sereens 307 Working Directly with the Multicolor Bit-Map Screen 314 8 Sprite Animation Procedures 317 Creating Sprite Figures 318 Saving and Reloading Sprites 322 Specifying, Positioning, a:qd Moving Sprites 323 Detecting Sprite Collisions' 329 Sprites and Machine Language Routines 337 9 Sound and Music Procedures Preliminary Considerations 348 i J 347 Using BASIC'sVOL and SOUND Staterne ts 351 U sing BASIC' s PLAY and TEMPO Staterne ts 356 Using the ENVELOPE Statement 360 Using the FILTER Statement 362 Working Directly with the SID Registers 363 Working with Sound Enhancement Registers 369 Summary of SID Registers 372 10 Keyboard Procedures 377 Keyboard Scanning Operations 378 Working with the Non-Scanned Keys 382 Using the Keyboard Queue and GETIN 382 Using the Main Keyboard Buffer 388 U sing the Function Keys 389 11 joystick, Paddle, Light Pen, and Mouse Procedures 394 Joystick Procedures 394 Game Paddle Procedures 398 12 Printer and Communications Procedures 401 Printer Procedures 402 Using the RS-232-C Communications Feature 406 13 Commodore 128 Memory Maps 415 The Lower RAM Addresses: $0000-$03FF 416 The Upper RAM-Only Area: $0400-$3FFF 437 BASIC ROM: $4000-$AFFF 443 Screen Editor ROM: $COOO-$CFFF 453 I/0, ROM, and RAM Block: $DOOO-$DFFF 456 Kernal ROM: $EOOO-$FFFF 475 14 Memory Management Procedures 507 The Standard Bank Configurations 508 Bank-Switching Statements, Registers, and Procedures 515 Using the BANK 1 Contiguration 521 Summary of MMU Configuration Registers 525 Bank Switching Procedures 526 A Number-System Base Conversions 531 Hexadecimal-to-Decimal Conversions 532 Decimal-to-Hexadecimal Conversions 533 Conventional Decimal to Two-Byte Decimal Format 534 Two-Byte Decimal to Conventional Decimal Format 535 Binary-to-Decimal Conversion 536 Binary-to-Hexadecimal Conversion 537 Hexadecimal-to-Binary Conversion 538 Decimal-to-Binary Conversion 538 A Complete Conversion Table for Decimal 0-255 538 B Derived Trigonometrie Functions 544 Index 545