Combating Human Trafficking in Asia : A Resource Guide to International and Regional Legal Instruments, Political Commitments and Recommended Practices

This resource guide identifies the international and regional legal instruments that can be used to combat the trafficking in persons and other related forms of exploitation such as human rights, slavery and slavery-like practices, migration, labor and gender. It also provides recommendations to governments in strengthening and improving their law enforcement response to meet the requirements of international instruments. Important United Nations conventions on human rights, slavery, transnational organized crime, migrant workers, women, labor, wages, and child welfare examined. The guide is mainly targeted to governments in the Asia region and law enforcement officials in order to increase their capacity to effectively combat trafficking in persons. Contents......Page 8 Foreword......Page 4 Preface......Page 6 Acknowledgements......Page 13 Abbreviations and Acronyms......Page 15 Introduction......Page 18 What is Trafficking in Persons?......Page 20 Which Legal and Other Instruments Should Be Used to Respond to Trafficking in Persons?......Page 22 What are the Different Types of Legal and Other Instruments?......Page 24 CHAPTER 1: Issues in the Legal Dimension: Extraterritoriality......Page 30 Extraterritorial Criminal Laws to Combat Trafficking in Persons......Page 32 Existing Extraterritorial Criminal Legislation......Page 33 Issues to Consider When Drafting Extraterritorial Criminal Legislation......Page 34 CHAPTER 2: Improving the Law Enforcement Response to Trafficking in Persons......Page 38 Conceptual Framework......Page 40 Trafficking, Migration and Labour Exploitation: Issues of Consent......Page 42 Key Considerations for Improving the Law Enforcement Response......Page 45 Interpol Measures for Improving the Law Enforcement Response......Page 61 CHAPTER 3: Human Rights Instruments......Page 68 Introduction......Page 70 Human Rights Instruments Relating to Trafficking in Persons......Page 71 The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)......Page 72 Obligations under International Human Rights Instruments Applicable to Trafficking in Persons......Page 73 Rights and Freedoms in International Human Rights Instruments Applicable to Trafficking in Persons......Page 76 CHAPTER 4: Instruments against Slavery and Practices Similar to Slavery......Page 94 International Instruments against Slavery and Practices Similar to Slavery......Page 96 The League of Nations Slavery Convention of 1926 (the Slavery Convention)......Page 99 The Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery of 1956 (the Supplemental Convention)......Page 101 Rights and Obligations under the UDHR Applicable to Slavery and Practices Similar to Slavery......Page 104 Rights and Obligations under the ICCPR Applicable to Slavery and Practices Similar to Slavery......Page 105 Rights and Obligations under the ICESCR Applicable to Slavery and Practices Similar to Slavery......Page 107 CHAPTER 5: International Trafficking Instruments......Page 110 Trafficking Specific Instruments......Page 112 The United Nations Millennium Declaration......Page 114 The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (the Transnational Crime Convention)......Page 115 The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (Supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational.........Page 116 The Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking (the Recommended Principles and Guidelines)......Page 119 Obligations and Recommendations under the Transnational Crime Convention, the Trafficking Protocal and the Recommended Principles and Guidelines......Page 120 CHAPTER 5A: Regional Trafficking Instruments......Page 142 The Bangkok Accord and Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Women (the Bangkok Accord)......Page 144 The ARIAT Regional Action Plan......Page 148 The ASEM Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (the ASEM Action Plan)......Page 151 The SAARC Convention on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Women and Children for Prostitution (the SAARC Convention)......Page 153 The Co-Chair’s Statement from the Bali Ministerial Conference on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime (the Bali Conference.........Page 156 CHAPTER 6: International Migration Instruments......Page 158 Migration Instruments Relating to Trafficking in Persons......Page 160 The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and Members of their Families (the Migrant Workers Convention or the MWC)......Page 161 Application of the Migrant Workers Convention to Trafficked Persons......Page 162 Principle of Non-Discrimination......Page 163 Human Rights of all Migrant Workers and their Families under the Migrant Workers Convention......Page 164 Additional Rights of Regular or Documented Migrant Workers and their Families under the Migrant Workers Convention......Page 178 Human Rights of Particular Categories of Migrant Workers and their Families under the Migrant Workers Convention......Page 183 Conditions in Connection with International Migration that must be Promoted under the Migrant Workers Convention......Page 185 CHAPTER 6A: Regional Migration Instruments......Page 188 The Bangkok Declaration on Irregular Migration (the Bangkok Declaration)......Page 190 Case Study: The Thai Memoranda of Understanding Process......Page 193 CHAPTER 7: Labour Instruments......Page 206 Labour Instruments Relating to Trafficking in Persons......Page 208 Rights and Obligations under the UDHR Applicable to the Labour Dimension of Trafficking......Page 211 Rights and Obligations under the ICCPR Applicable to the Labour Dimension of Trafficking......Page 212 Rights and Obligations under the ICESCR Applicable to the Labour Dimension of Trafficking......Page 213 Obligations under the 1956 Supplemental Slavery Convention Applicable to the Labour Dimension of Trafficking......Page 214 ILO Forced Labour Convention No. 29 of 1930 and ILO Forced Labour (Regulation) Recommendation No. 36 of 1930......Page 215 ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention No. 105 of 1957......Page 217 ILO Protection of Wages Convention No. 95 of 1949 and Protection of Wages Recommendation No. 85 of 1949......Page 218 ILO Minimum Wage Fixing Convention No. 131 of 1970 and Minimum Wage Fixing Recommendation No. 135 of 1970......Page 220 ILO Employment Service Convention No. 88 of 1948 and Employment Service Recommendation No. 83 of 1948......Page 221 ILO Equal Remuneration Convention No. 100 of 1951 and Equal Remuneration Recommendation No. 90 of 1951......Page 223 ILO Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention No. 111 of 1958 and Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Recommendation No. 111 of 1958......Page 225 ILO Private Employment Agencies Convention No. 181 of 1997 and Private Employment Agencies Recommendation No. 188 of 1997......Page 227 CHAPTER 8: Gender Specific Instrument – the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women......Page 232 Purpose......Page 234 Key Provisions......Page 235 Obligations under the CEDAW Convention Applicable to Trafficking in Women......Page 239 Obligations under General Recommendation No. 19 Applicable to Trafficking in Women......Page 243 Implementing and Monitoring the CEDAW Convention......Page 246 The Optional Protocol to the CEDAW Convention......Page 248 CHAPTER 8A: Other Gender Specific Instruments......Page 252 The Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women (DEVAW)......Page 254 The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (the Beijing Declaration or the Beijing Platform for Action)......Page 256 The Jakarta Declaration and Plan of Action for the Advancement of Women in Asia and the Pacific (the Jakarta Declaration or the Jakarta Plan of Action)......Page 261 CHAPTER 9: Child Specific Instruments......Page 264 The Convention on the Rights of the Child (the CRC)......Page 266 The Optional Protocol to the CRC on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography (the CRC Optional Protocol)......Page 271 Rights and Obligations under the CRC and the Optional Protocal Applicable to Trafficking in Children......Page 272 ILO Minimum Age for Admission to Employment Convention No. 138......Page 281 ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention No. 182 and ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Recommendation No. 190......Page 283 Programme of Action for the Prevention of the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pronography......Page 289 Programme of Action for the Elimination of the Exploitation of Child Labour......Page 291 The SAARC Convention on Regional Arrangements for the Promotion of Child Welfare in South Asia......Page 294 References......Page 297