Colonizer or Colonized : The Hidden Stories of Early Modern French Culture

"Colonizer or Colonized introduces two colonial stories into the heart of France's literary and cultural history. The first describes elite France's conflicted relationship to the Ancient World. As much as French intellectuals aligned themselves with the Greco-Romans as an "us," they also resented the Ancients as an imperial "them," haunted by the memory that both the Greeks and Romans had colonized their ancestors, the Gauls. This memory put the elite on the defensive--defending against the legacy of this colonized past and the fear that they were the barbarian other. The second story mirrored the first. Just as the Romans had colonized the Gauls, France would colonize the New World, becoming the "New Rome" by creating a "New France." Borrowing the Roman strategy, the French Church and State developed an assimilationist stance towards the Amerindian "barbarian." This policy provided a foundation for what would become the nation's most basic stance towards the other. However, this version of assimilation, unlike its subsequent ones, encouraged the colonized and the colonizer to engage in close forms of contact, such as mixed marriages and communities. This book weaves these two different stories together in a triangulated dynamic. It asks the Ancients to step aside to include the New World other into a larger narrative in which elite France carved out their nation's emerging cultural identity in relation to both the New World and the Ancient World. Sara E. Melzer is Professor of French and Francophone Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. She is the author of Discourses of the Fall: A Study of Pascal's Pensées and coeditor of From the Royal to the Republican Body: Incorporating the Political in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century France."--Project Muse "Colonizer or Colonized introduces two colonial stories into the heart of France's literary and cultural history. The first describes elite France's conflicted relationship to the Ancient World. As much as French intellectuals aligned themselves with the Greco-Romans as an "us," they also resented the Ancients as an imperial "them," haunted by the memory that both the Greeks and Romans had colonized their ancestors, the Gauls. This memory put the elite on the defensive--defending against the legacy of this colonized past and the fear that they were the barbarian other. The second story mirrored the first. Just as the Romans had colonized the Gauls, France would colonize the New World, becoming the "New Rome" by creating a "New France." Borrowing the Roman strategy, the French Church and State developed an assimilationist stance towards the Amerindian "barbarian." This policy provided a foundation for what would become the nation's most basic stance towards the other. However, this version of assimilation, unlike its subsequent ones, encouraged the colonized and the colonizer to engage in close forms of contact, such as mixed marriages and communities. This book weaves these two different stories together in a triangulated dynamic. It asks the Ancients to step aside to include the New World other into a larger narrative in which elite France carved out their nation's emerging cultural identity in relation to both the New World and the Ancient World. Sara E. Melzer is Professor of French and Francophone Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. She is the author of Discourses of the Fall: A Study of Pascal's Pensées and coeditor of From the Royal to the Republican Body: Incorporating the Political in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century France."--Project Muse

Colonizer or Colonized introduces two colonial stories into the heart of France's literary and cultural history. The first describes elite France's conflicted relationship to the Ancient World. As much as French intellectuals aligned themselves with the Greco-Romans as an "us," they also resented the Ancients as an imperial "them," haunted by the memory that both the Greeks and Romans had colonized their ancestors, the Gauls. This memory put the elite on the defensive—defending against the legacy of this colonized past and the fear that they were the barbarian other. The second story mirrored the first. Just as the Romans had colonized the Gauls, France would colonize the New World, becoming the "New Rome" by creating a "New France." Borrowing the Roman strategy, the French Church and State developed an assimilationist stance towards the Amerindian "barbarian." This policy provided a foundation for what would become the nation's most basic stance towards the other. However, this version of assimilation, unlike its subsequent ones, encouraged the colonized and the colonizer to engage in close forms of contact, such as mixed marriages and communities.

This book weaves these two different stories together in a triangulated dynamic. It asks the Ancients to step aside to include the New World other into a larger narrative in which elite France carved out their nation's emerging cultural identity in relation to both the New World and the Ancient World.

Contents Introduction Part I. France’s Colonial Relation to the Ancient World Chapter 1. The Quarrel Between the Ancients and the Moderns as a Colonial Battle Chapter 2. The Return of the Submerged Story About France’s Colonized Past in the Quarrel over Imitation Part II. France’s Colonial Relation to the New World Chapter 3. Relating the New World Back to France Chapter 4. France’s Colonial History Part III Weaving the Two Colonial Stories Together Chapter 5. Interweaving the Nation’s Colonial and Cultural Discourses Chapter 6. Imitation as a Civilizing Process or as a Voluntary Subjection? Chapter 7. Imitation and the “Classical” Path Chapter 8. Using the Sauvage as a Lever to Decolonize France from the Ancients Conclusion: The Legacy of the Quarrel Notes Bibliography Index Acknowledgments The Quarrel Between The Ancients And The Moderns As A Colonial Battle: The Memory Wars Over Our Ancestors The Gauls -- The Return Of The Submerged Story About France's Colonized Past In The Quarrel Over Imitation -- Relating The New World Back To France: The Development Of A New Genre, The Relations De Voyage -- France's Colonial History: From Sauvages Into Civilized, French Catholics -- Interweaving The Nation's Colonial And Cultural Discourses -- Imitation As A Civilizing Process Or As A Voluntary Subjection? -- Imitation And The Classical Path -- Using The Sauvage As A Lever To Decolonize France From The Ancients -- Conclusion. The Legacy Of The Quarrel: The Colonial Fracture. Sara E. Melzer. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. This innovative analysis of sixteen- and seventeenth-century France introduces colonization into the heart of the nation's literary history by demonstrating how French classical culture and colonialism emerged together, each shaping the other. This innovative analysis of sixteen- and seventeenth-century France introduces colonization into the heart of the nation's literary history by demonstrating how French classical culture and colonialism emerged together, each shaping the other.