Colonial Crucible: Empire In The Making Of The Modern American State Project Muse Upcc Books

At the end of the nineteenth century the United States swiftly occupied a string of small islands dotting the Caribbean and Western Pacific, from Puerto Rico and Cuba to Hawaii and the Philippines. Colonial Crucible: Empire in the Making of the Modern American State reveals how this experiment in direct territorial rule subtly but profoundly shaped U.S. policy and practice—both abroad and, crucially, at home. Edited by Alfred W. McCoy and Francisco A. Scarano, the essays in this volume show how the challenge of ruling such far-flung territories strained the U.S. state to its limits, creating both the need and the opportunity for bold social experiments not yet possible within the United States itself. Plunging Washington's rudimentary bureaucracy into the white heat of nationalist revolution and imperial rivalry, colonialism was a crucible of change in American statecraft. From an expansion of the federal government to the creation of agile public-private networks for more effective global governance, U.S. empire produced far-reaching innovations. Moving well beyond theory, this volume takes the next step, adding a fine-grained, empirical texture to the study of U.S. imperialism by analyzing its specific consequences. Across a broad range of institutions—policing and prisons, education, race relations, public health, law, the military, and environmental management—this formative experience left a lasting institutional imprint. With each essay distilling years, sometimes decades, of scholarship into a concise argument, Colonial Crucible reveals the roots of a legacy evident, most recently, in Washington's misadventures in the Middle East. Reveals How The Experiment In Direct Territorial Rule Subtly But Profoundly Shaped U.s. Policy And Practice, Both Abroad And, Crucially, At Home. Essays Show How The Challenge Of Ruling Such Far-flung Territories Strained The U.s. State To Its Limits, Creating Both The Need And The Opportunity For Bold Social Experiments Not Yet Possible Within The United States Itself. Plunging Washington's Rudimentary Bureaucracy Into The White Heat Of Nationalist Revolution And Imperial Rivalry, Colonialism Was A Crucible Of Change In American Statecraft. From An Expansion Of The Federal Government To The Creation Of Agile Public-private Networks For More Effective Global Governance, U.s. Empire Produced Far-reaching Innovations. From Publisher Description. On The Tropic Of Cancer: Transitions And Transformations In The U.s. Imperial State / Alfred W. Mccoy, Francisco A. Scarano, And Courtney Johnson -- Reading Imperial Transitions: Spanish Contraction, British Expansion, And American Irruption / Josep M. Fradera -- From Old Empire To New: The Changing Dynamics And Tactics Of American Empire / Thomas Mccormick -- Introduction / Alfred W. Mccoy -- American Penal Forms And Colonial Spanish Custodial-regulatory Practices In Fin De Siècle Puerto Rico / Kelvin Santiago-valles -- Prohibiting Opium In The Philippines And The United States: The Creation Of An Interventionist State / Anne L. Foster -- Policing The Imperial Periphery: Philippine Pacification And The Rise Of The U.s. National Security State / Alfred W. Mccoy -- The Prison That Makes Men Free: The Iwahig Penal Colony And The Simulacra Of The American State In The Philippines / Michael Salman -- Introduction / Adam Nelson --^ Negotiating Colonialism: Race, Class, And Education In Early-twentieth-century Puerto Rico / Solsirée Del Moral -- Enlightened Tolerance Or Cultural Capitulation? Contesting Notions Of American Identity / Amílcar Antonio Barreto -- The Business Of Education In The Colonial Philippines, 1909-30 / Glenn Anthony May -- The Imperial Enterprise And Educational Policies In Colonial Puerto Rico / Pablo Navarro-rivera -- Understanding The American Empire: Colonialism, Latin Americanism, And Professional Social Science, 1898-1920 / Courtney Johnson -- Introduction / Clare Corbould -- Race, Empire, And Transnational History / Paul A. Kramer -- Censuses In The Transition To Modern Colonialism: Spain And The United States In Puerto Rico / Francisco A. Scarano -- Race And The Suffrage Controversy In Cuba, 1898-1901 / Alejandro De La Fuente And Matthew Casey -- From Columbus To Ponce De León: Puerto Rican Commemorations Between Empires, 1893-1908 / Christopher Schmidt-nowara --^ A Critical-historical Genealogy Of Koko (blood), 'aina (land), Hawaiian Identity, And Western Law And Governance / Rona Tamiko Halualani -- Buying Into Empire: American Consumption At The Turn Of The Twentieth Century / Kristin Hoganson -- Confabulating American Colonial Knowledge Of The Philippines: What The Social Life Of Jose E. Marco's Forgeries And Ahmed Chalabi Can Tell Us About The Epistemology Of Empire / Michael Salman -- Introduction / Nancy Tomes -- Pacific Crossings: Imperial Logics In United States' Public Health Programs / Warwick Anderson -- A Fever For Empire: U.s. Disease Eradication In Cuba As Colonial Public Health / Mariola Espinosa -- Mapping Regional And Imperial Geographies: Tropical Disease In The U.s. South / Natalie J. Ring -- The Conquest Of Molecules: Wild Yams And American Scientists In Mexican Jungles / Gabriela Soto Laveaga --^ Tropical Conquest And The Rise Of The Environmental Management State: The Case Of U.s. Sanitary Efforts In Panama / Paul S. Sutter -- Introduction / John Ohnesorge -- Empire And The Transformation Of Citizenship / Christina Duffy Burnett -- The Afterlife Of Empire: Sovereignty And Revolution In The Philippines / Vincente L. Rafael -- The U.s. Constitution And Philippine Colonialism: An Enduring And Unfortunate Legacy / Owen J. Lynch -- Spanish Structure, American Theory: The Legal Foundations Of A Tropical New Deal In The Philippine Islands, 1898-1935 / Anna Leah Fidelis T. Castañeda -- The Hazards Of Jeffersonianism: Challenges Of State Building In The United States And Its Empire / Paul D. Hutchcroft -- Introduction: The Military And The U.s. Imperial State / Christopher Capozzola -- Mohammedan Religion Made It Necessary To Fire: Massacres On The American Imperial Frontier From South Dakota To Southern Philippines / Joshua Gedacht --^ The U.s. Army As An Occupying Force In Muslim Mindanao, 1899-1913 / Patricio N. Abinales -- Minutemen For The World: Empire, Citizenship, And The National Guard, 1903-1924 / Christopher Capozzola -- From Winship To Leahy: Crisis, War, And Transition In Puerto Rico / Jorge Rodríguez Beruff -- French And American Imperial Accommodation In The Caribbean During World War Ii: The Experience Of Guyane And The Subaltern Roles Of Puerto Ricans / Humberto García-muñiz And Rebeca Campo -- Guantánamo And The Case Of Kid Chicle: Private Contract Labor And The Development Of The U.s. Military / Jana K. Lipman -- The Impact Of The Philippine Wars (1898-1913) On The U.s. Army / Brian Mcallister Linn -- Introduction: Environmental And Economic Management / J.r. Mcneill -- Conservation And Colonialism: Gifford Pinchot And The Birth Of Tropical Forestry In The Philippines / Greg Bankoff -- Manila's Imperial Makeover: Security, Health, And Symbolism / Daniel F. Doeppers --^ 'the World Was My Garden: Tropical Botany And Cosmopolitanism In American Science, 1898-1935 / Stuart Mccook -- Scientific Superman: Father José Algué, Jesuit Meteorology, And The Philippines Under American Rule, 1897-1924 / James Francis Warren -- The Limits Of American Empire: Democracy And Militarism In The Twentieth And Twenty-first Centuries / Jeremi Suri -- Crucibles, Capillaries, And Pentimenti: Reflections On Imperial Transformations / Nancy Tomes -- Empire In American History / Ian Tyrrell. Edited By Alfred W. Mccoy And Francisco A. Scarano. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Frontmatter ILLUSTRATIONS (page xi) PREFACE (page xiii) PART 1. EXPLORING IMPERIAL TRANSITIONS On the Tropic of Cancer: Transitions and Transformations in the U. S. Imperial State (ALFRED W. McCoy, FRANCISCO A. SCARANO, AND COURTNEY JOHNSON, page 3) Reading Imperial Transitions: Spanish Contraction, British Expansion, and American Irruption (JOSEP M. FRADERA, page 34) From Old Empire to New: The Changing Dynamics and Tactics of American Empire (THOMAS McCORMICK, page 63) PART 2. POLICE, PRISONS, AND LAW ENFORCEMENT INTRODUCTION (ALFRED W. McCOY, page 83) American Penal Forms and Colonial Spanish Custodial-Regulatory Practices in Fin de Siècle Puerto Rico (KELVIN SANTIAGO-VALLES, page 87) Prohibiting Opium in the Philippines and the United States: The Creation of an Interventionist State (ANNE L. FOSTER, page 95) Policing the Imperial Periphery: Philippines Pacification and the Rise of the U.S. National Security State (ALFRED W. McCOY, page 106) "The Prison That Makes Men Free": The Iwahig Penal Colony and the Simulacra of the American State in the Philippines (MICHAEL SALMAN, page 116) PART 3. EDUCATION INTRODUCTION (ADAM NELSON, page 131) Negotiating Colonialism: "Race," Class, and Education in Early-Twentieth-Century Puerto Rico (SOLSIRÉE DEL MORAL, page 135) Enlightened Tolerance or Cultural Capitulation? Contesting Notions of American Identity (AMÍLCAR ANTONIO BARRETO, page 145) The Business of Education in the Colonial Philippines, 1909-30 (GLENN ANTHONY MAY, page 151) The Imperial Enterprise and Educational Policies in Colonial Puerto Rico (PABLO NAVARRO-RIVERA, page 163) Understanding the American Empire: Colonialism, Latin Americanism, and Professional Social Science, 1898-1920 (COURTNEY JOHNSON, page 175) PART 4. RACE AND IMPERIAL IDENTITIES INTRODUCTION (CLARE CORBOULD, page 193) Race, Empire, and Transnational History (PAUL A. KRAMER, page 199) Censuses in the Transition to Modern Colonialism: Spain and the United States in Puerto Rico (FRANCISCO A. SCARANO, page 210) Race and the Suffrage Controversy in Cuba, 1898-1901 (ALEJANDRO DE LA FUENTE AND MATTHEW CASEY, page 220) From Columbus to Ponce de León: Puerto Rican Commemorations between Empires, 1893-1908 (CHRISTOPHER SCHMIDT-NOWARA, page 230) A Critical-Historical Genealogy of Koko (Blood),'Aina (Land), Hawaiian Identity, and Western Law and Governance (RONA TAMIKO HALUALANI, page 238) Buying into Empire: American Consumption at the Turn of the Twentieth Century (KRISTIN HOGANSON, page 248) Confabulating American Colonial Knowledge of the Philippines: What the Social Life of Jose E. Marco's Forgeries and Ahmed Chalabi Can Tell Us about the Epistemology of Empire (MICHAEL SALMAN, page 260) PART 5. IMPERIAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH INTRODUCTION (NANCY TOMES, page 273) Pacific Crossings: Imperial Logics in United States' Public Health Programs (WARWICK ANDERSON, page 277) A Fever for Empire: U.S. Disease Eradication in Cuba as Colonial Public Health (MARIOLA ESPINOSA, page 288) Mapping Regional and Imperial Geographies: tropical Disease in the U.S. South (NATALIE J. RING, page 297) The Conquest of Molecules: Wild Yams and American Scientists in Mexican Jungles (GABRIELA SOTO LAVEAGA, page 309) Tropical Conquest and the Rise of the Environmental Management State: The Case of U.S. Sanitary Efforts in Panama (PAUL S. SUTTER, page 317) PART 6. POLITY, LAW, AND CONSTITUTION INTRODUCTION (JOHN OHNESORGE, page 329) Empire and the Transformation of Citizenship (CHRISTINA DUFFY BURNETT, page 332) The Afterlife of Empire: Sovereignty and Revolution in the Philippines (VICENTE L. RAFAEL, page 342) The U.S. Constitution and Philippine Colonialism: An Enduring and Unfortunate Legacy (OWEN J. LYNCH, page 353) Spanish Structure, American Theory: The Legal Foundations of a Tropical New Deal in the Philippine Islands, 1898-1935 (ANNA LEAH FIDELIS T. CASTAÑEDA, page 365) The Hazards of Jeffersonianism: Challenges of State Building in the United States and Its Empire (PAUL D. HUTCHCROFT, page 375) PART 7. U.S. MILITARY INTRODUCTION: THE MILITARY AND THE U.S. IMPERIAL STATE (CHRISTOPHER CAPOZZOLA, page 393) "Mohammedan Religion Made It Necessary to Fire": Massacres on the American Imperial Frontier from South Dakota to the Southern Philippines (JOSHUA GEDACHT, page 397) The U.S. Army as an Occupying Force in Muslim Mindanao, 1899-1913 (PATRICIO N. ABINALES, page 410) Minutemen for the World: Empire, Citizenship, and the National Guard, 1903-1924 (CHRISTOPHER CAPOZZOLA, page 421) From Winship to Leahy: Crisis, War, and Transition in Puerto Rico (JORGE RODRÍGUEZ BERUFF, page 431) French and American Imperial Accommodation in the Caribbean during World War II: The Experience of Guyane and the Subaltern Roles of Puerto Ricans (HUMBERTO GARCÍA-MUÑIZ AND REBECA CAMPO, page 441) Guantánamo and the Case of Kid Chicle: Private Contract Labor and the Development of the U.S. Military (JANA K. LIPMAN, page 452) The Impact of the Philippine Wars (1898-1913) on the U.S. Army (BRIAN MCALLISTER LINN, page 460) PART 8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION: ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT (J. R. McNEILL, page 475) Conservation and Colonialism: Gifford Pinchot and the Birth of Tropical Forestry in the Philippines (GREG BANKOFF, page 479) Manila's Imperial Makeover: Security, Health, and Symbolism (DANIEL F. DOEPPERS, page 489) "The World Was My Garden": Tropical Botany and Cosmopolitanism in American Science, 1898-1935 (STUART McCOOK, page 499) Scientific Superman: Father José Algué, Jesuit Meteorology, and the Philippines under American Rule, 1897-1924 (JAMES FRANCIS WARREN, page 508) PART 9. THE ELUSIVE CHARACHTER OF AMERICAN GLOBAL POWER The Limits of American Empire: Democracy and Militarism in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries (JEREMI SURI, page 523) Crucibles, Capillaries, and Pentimenti: Reflections on Imperial Transformations (NANCY TOMES, page 532) Empire in American History (IAN TYRRELL, page 541) NOTES (page 557) CONTRIBUTORS (page 645) INDEX (page 649)