Coherent atomic matter waves =: Ondes de matière cohérentes: : École de Physique des Houches - UJF & INPG - Grenoble, a NATO Advanced Study Institute, Les Houches, Session LXXII, 27 July-27 August 1999

Progress in atomic physics has been so vigorous during the past decade that one is hard pressed to follow all the new developments. In the early 1990s the first atom interferometers opened a new field in which we have been able to use the wave nature of atoms to probe fundamental quantum me chanics questions as well as to make precision measurements. Coming fast on the heels of this development was the demonstration of Bose Einstein condensation in dilute atomic vapors which intensified research interest in studying the wave nature of matter, especially in a domain in which "macro scopic" quantum effects (vortices, stimulated scattering of atomic beams) are visible. At the same time there has been much progress in our understanding of the behavior of waves (notably electromagnetic) in complex media, both periodic and disordered. An obvious topic of speculation and probably of future research is whether any new insight or applications will develop if one examines the behavior of de Broglie waves in analogous situations. Finally, our ability to manipulate atoms has allowed us not only to create macroscopically occupied quantum states but also to exercise fine control over the quantum states of a small number of atoms. This has advanced to the study of quantum entanglement and its relation to the theory of measurement and the theory of information. The 1990s have also seen an explosion of interest in an exciting potential application of this fine control: quantum computation and quantum cryptography. 1. Bose-einstein Condensates In Atomic Gases: Simple Theoretical Results / Y. Castin -- 2. Spinor Condensates And Light Scattering From Bose-einstein Condensates / D.m. Stamper-kurn And W. Ketterle -- 3. Field Theory For Trapped Atomic Gases / H.t.c. Stoof -- 4. Atom Interferometry / S. Chu 5. Mesoscopic Light Scattering In Atomic Physics / B.a. Van Tiggelen -- 6. Quantum Chaos In Atomic Physics / D. Delande. 7. Photonic Band Gap Materials: A New Frontier In Quantum And Nonlinear Optics / S. John -- 8. Environment-induced Decoherence And The Transition From Quantum To Classical / By J.p. Paz And W.h. Zurek -- 9. Cavity Qed Experiments, Entanglement And Quantum Measurement / M. Brune -- 10. Basic Concepts In Quantum Computation / A. Ekert, P.m. Hayden And H. Inamori -- 11. Coherent Backscattering Of Light From A Cold Atomic Cloud / G. Labeyrie, F. De Tomasi, J.-c. Bernard, C. Mueller, C. Miniatura And R. Kaiser. Edited By R. Kaiser, C. Westbrook, And F. David. Includes Bibliographical References. Prefatory Matter In English And French. Front Matter....Pages i-xxxvi Bose-Einstein Condensates in Atomic Gases: Simple Theoretical Results....Pages 1-136 Spinor Condensates and Light Scattering from Bose-Einstein Condensates....Pages 139-217 Field Theory for Trapped Atomic Gases....Pages 219-315 Atom Interferometry....Pages 317-370 Mesoscopic Light Scattering in Atomic Physics....Pages 371-414 Quantum Chaos in Atomic Physics....Pages 415-479 Photonic Band Gap Materials: A New Frontier in Quantum and Nonlinear Optics....Pages 481-531 Environment-Induced Decoherence and the Transition from Quantum to Classical....Pages 533-614 Cavity QED Experiments, Entanglement and Quantum Measurement....Pages 615-660 Basic Concepts in Quantum Computation....Pages 661-701 Coherent Backscattering of Light from a Cold Atomic Cloud....Pages 703-714 This book, devoted to the study of quantum effects in atomic systems, reviews the state of the art in the fields of Bose--Einstein condensation, quantum information processing, and the problems of propagation of matter waves in complex media. The specific topics include: theory and experiments in Bose--Einstein condensation, theory and experiments on decoherence phenomena in simple quantum systems and the connection to quantum measurement, atom interferometry, quantum computing, multiple scattering problems in atomic physics, quantum and nonlinear optics in a photonic band gap and quantum chaos and atomic physics. Pedagogical in style, the articles address PhD students as well as researchers