Cocoa pioneer fronts since 1800 the role of smallholders, planters and merchants ; [Conference on the Relationship between Cocoa Production and Economic Development ; held in London in September 1993

The livelihood of Third World farmers conflicts with saving the remaining tropical forests. The advantages of growing cocoa in cleared primary forest drive from the fertility of virgin soils and low concentrations of weeds, pests and diseases. The consequent emergence of new 'pioneer fronts' has also been affected by cheap labour, relative commodity prices, pests and diseases, credit resources, entrepreneurship, information, physical infrastructures, and government policies. The dynamism of smallholdings and competitive private marketing over estates and marketing boards is demonstrated. Front Matter....Pages i-xii Cocoa Pioneer Fronts: The Historical Determinants....Pages 1-22 The Eastern Venezuela Pioneer Front, 1830s–1930s: The Role of the Corsican Trade Network....Pages 23-44 The Trinidad Cocoa Industry and the Struggle for Crown Land during the Nineteenth Century....Pages 45-64 Ecuadorian Cocoa Production and Trade 1840–1925....Pages 65-85 A Cocoa Pioneer Front, 1890–1914: Planters, Merchants and Government Policy in Bahia....Pages 86-104 Equatorial Guinea: The Struggle for a Cocoa Economy, 1880–1930....Pages 105-118 The Emergence of Duala Cocoa Planters under German Rule in Cameroon: A Case Study of Entrepreneurship....Pages 119-136 Cocoa Farming in Cameroon, c. 1914 – c. 1960: Land and Labour....Pages 137-153 Mode of Production or Mode of Cultivation: Explaining the Failure of European Cocoa Planters in Competition with African Farmers in Colonial Ghana....Pages 154-175 Côte d’Ivoire’s Pioneer Fronts: Historical and Political Determinants of the Spread of Cocoa Cultivation....Pages 176-194 The Cocoa Frontier in Madagascar, the Comoro Islands and Réunion, c. 1820–1970....Pages 195-211 Smallholder Cocoa in Indonesia: Why a Cocoa Boom in Sulawesi?....Pages 212-231 Back Matter....Pages 233-247 Edited By William Gervase Clarence-smith. Based On A Conference Held By The School Of Oriental And African Studies (soas) And The London School Of Economics And Political Science (lse), In London, 1993. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. The livelihood of Third World farmers conflicts with saving the remaining tropical forests. This text concerns the cocoa "pioneer fronts" in cleared primary forests since 1800.