CO : twenty-five years of millimeter-wave spectroscopy : proceedings of the 170th symposium of the International Astronomical Union, held in Tucson, Arizona, May 29 - June 5, 1995

Interstellar carbon monoxide (CO) was first detected in 1970 with the 36 foot diameter telescope of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory! on Kitt Peak in Southern Arizona. R. W. Wilson, K. B. Jefferts, and A. A. Penzias of Bell Labs reported, "We have found intense 2.6 mm line radiation 2 from nine Galactic sources which we attribute to carbon monoxide." Soon afterward, several other basic molecules were also observed in space. IAU Symposium 170, CO: Twenty Five Years of Millimeter Wave Spectroscopy, was organized to commemorate those discoveries. The Symposium reviewed the accomplishments of a quarter century of research on interstellar molec­ ular gas, surveyed the current state of millimeter-wave spectroscopy, and gave a glimpse of what the next 25 years might hold. Studies of interstellar CO have revolutionized our understanding of the phases and dynamics of the interstellar medium, the initial and final stages of stellar evolution, the chemistry of dense and diffuse interstellar matter and of the solar system, the structure of the Milky Way galaxy, and the content and structure of other galaxies, some very distant. Spectroscopic studies of CO and other molecules are primary tools for investigating all these topics, which are among the most fundamental and active research areas in astrophysics. New developments in instrumentation, including sev­ eral powerful new telescopes, continue to keep millimeter and submillimeter wavelength radio astronomy at the forefront of research. Front Matter....Pages i-xvii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Present and Future CO Surveys....Pages 3-10 CO in the Milky Way....Pages 11-18 A Molecular Worm in Scutum....Pages 19-21 Molecular Clouds Observed with the Egret Gamma-Ray Telescope....Pages 22-24 CO and the Multiphase ISM....Pages 25-32 The Ursa Major Molecular Clouds....Pages 33-35 FCRAO CO Survey of the Outer Galaxy....Pages 36-38 The CO 2-1/1-0 Ratio....Pages 39-46 Mapping Dust Extinction in Molecular Clouds....Pages 47-49 On the Fractal Structure of Molecular Clouds....Pages 50-53 The Origin and Structure of Molecular Clouds....Pages 54-56 Molecular Gas Near the Galactic Center....Pages 57-64 CO Mapping of the Inner Few Hundred Parsecs of the Galaxy....Pages 65-67 Front Matter....Pages 69-69 Theoretical Chemistry....Pages 71-78 Observational Chemistry....Pages 79-86 CO at other Wavelengths....Pages 87-94 Millimeter-Wave Absorption Studies of the Onset of Dark-Cloud Chemistry....Pages 95-97 Galactic Carbon Monoxide Isotope Ratios....Pages 98-100 Using CO Isotopes to Probe the ISM....Pages 101-109 Front Matter....Pages 111-111 Probing Giant Molecular Cloud Cores with Millimeter and Submillimeter Observations of C 18 O and Dust....Pages 113-115 Front Matter....Pages 111-111 Velocity Coherence in Dense Cores....Pages 116-118 Structure of Molecular Clouds and Turbulence....Pages 119-127 13 CO (6–5) in the Orion Bar: A Critical Observational Test for PDR Models....Pages 128-130 The C/CO Ratio Problem: Chemical Effects of Turbulence....Pages 131-133 Front Matter....Pages 135-135 Turbulence and Collapse in Star-Forming Molecular Clouds....Pages 137-147 Star Formation in the Gem OB1 Molecular Cloud Complex....Pages 148-150 Protostellar and Protoplanetary Disks....Pages 151-158 350 AU Scale Circumstellar Rotating Gaseous Disk Around DM Tauri....Pages 159-161 Kinematics of Disks Around T Tauri Stars....Pages 162-164 CO Outflows from Young Stars....Pages 165-174 CO J =6–5 Observations of Protostellar Outflows....Pages 175-177 Dense and Cold Gas in the Chameleon I Cloud: CO and IRAS Observations....Pages 178-180 Surveys with Heterodyne Focal Plane Arrays At MM Wavelengths: Quarry at FCRAO....Pages 181-188 Front Matter....Pages 189-189 Single Dishes: The Potential of Present-Day Big Dishes and the Promise of the LMT....Pages 191-198 Characteristics of the Millimeter Arrays....Pages 199-206 Increasing the Yield of Our Telescopes....Pages 207-214 Submillimeter Wavelength Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of Astronomical Sources....Pages 215-217 The Submillimeter Telescope Observatory....Pages 218-220 The Large Millimeter-Wave Telescope....Pages 221-223 Future CO Observations with the JCMT....Pages 224-226 Front Matter....Pages 189-189 ODIN: A Swedish Submillimeter Wave Spectroscopy Satellite for Astronomy and Aeronomy....Pages 227-229 European Plans for a Millimetre Array....Pages 231-238 LMSA: Japanese Plans for a Large Millimeter and Submillimeter Array....Pages 239-246 New Instruments, New Science: Future Opportunities....Pages 247-253 Front Matter....Pages 255-255 Comparative Studies of other Galaxies....Pages 257-264 The ESO/SEST Key Programme: CO in the Magellanic Clouds....Pages 265-271 CO in Nearby Normal Galaxies....Pages 273-281 Molecular Gas and Star Formation in Galaxies....Pages 282-285 Star Formation and Gas Contents in Disk Galaxies: Complex Relationships....Pages 286-288 Molecular Gas in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies....Pages 289-298 Molecular Clouds and CO Emission In Low-Metallicity Galaxies....Pages 299-301 N (H 2 )/ I CO in Galactic Bulges....Pages 302-304 Molecular Gas in Galactic Nuclei....Pages 305-313 Modeling of Molecular Emission from Centres of Galaxies....Pages 314-316 Star Formation and Dynamics of Molecular Gas In Circumnuclear Regions of Barred Galaxies....Pages 317-320 Structure of Circumnuclear Regions of AGNS: Star Formation and Dense Gas....Pages 321-323 BIMA Observations of Molecular Gas in NGC 1068....Pages 324-326 CO in High Redshift Galaxies....Pages 327-334 CO (and other) Lines from the Cloverleaf Quasar....Pages 335-337 Centaurus A: The 13 CO MAP and Molecular Line Ratios....Pages 338-340 Front Matter....Pages 255-255 CO Observations of High Redshift Galaxies with the Owens Valley Millimeter Array....Pages 341-343 CO Observations of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies, QSOS, and Powerful Radio Galaxies with the 12M Telescope....Pages 344-346 Front Matter....Pages 347-347 CO in the Solar System....Pages 349-357 Mass Loss in AGB Stars....Pages 359-366 Unraveling Mysteries in Late Stages of Stellar Evolution: The Enigma of the S-Type Stars....Pages 367-369 New Detections of Metal-Bearing Molecules in IRC+10216: from Chemistry to Nucleosynthesis....Pages 370-372 CO in Planetary Nebulae and Proto-Planetary Nebulae....Pages 373-381 Pre-Shock and Post-Shock Abundance Ratios of Atomic Carbon to CO in IC 443 G....Pages 382-384 Front Matter....Pages 385-385 Twenty-Five Years of CO Astronomy: Revealing the Cold Universe....Pages 387-396 Back Matter....Pages 397-511 Interstellar carbon monoxide (CO) was first detected in 1970 with the 36 foot diameter telescope of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory! on Kitt Peak in Southern Arizona. R.W. Wilson, K.B. Jefferts, and A.A. Penzias of Bell Labs reported, "We have found intense 2.6 mm line radiation 2 from nine Galactic sources which we attribute to carbon monoxide." Soon afterward, several other basic molecules were also observed in space. IAU Symposium 170, CO: Twenty Five Years of Millimeter Wave Spectroscopy, was organized to commemorate those discoveries. The Symposium reviewed the accomplishments of a quarter century of research on interstellar molecƯ ular gas, surveyed the current state of millimeter-wave spectroscopy, and gave a glimpse of what the next 25 years might hold. Studies of interstellar CO have revolutionized our understanding of the phases and dynamics of the interstellar medium, the initial and final stages of stellar evolution, the chemistry of dense and diffuse interstellar matter and of the solar system, the structure of the Milky Way galaxy, and the content and structure of other galaxies, some very distant. Spectroscopic studies of CO and other molecules are primary tools for investigating all these topics, which are among the most fundamental and active research areas in astrophysics. New developments in instrumentation, including sevƯ eral powerful new telescopes, continue to keep millimeter and submillimeter wavelength radio astronomy at the forefront of research Interstellar carbon monoxide (CO) was first detected in 1970 by R.W. Wilson, K.B. Jefferts, and A.A. Penzias through observations of its lowest rotational transition at 2.6 mm wavelength. This discovery opened the door to a profound new understanding of several diverse yet related fields, including the phases of the interstellar medium, the initial and final phases of stellar evolution, the chemistry of dense and diffuse interstellar matter and of the solar system, the structure of the Milky Way galaxy, and the content and structure of other galaxies. These are among the most fundamental research areas in astrophysics, and spectroscopic information about CO and other molecules serves as a primary tool of investigation. Continuing developments in instrumentation will further increase the power and utility of millimeter and submillimeter-wavelength molecular line spectroscopy. The twenty-fifth anniversary of the detection of CO was an opportunity for researchers from all branches of millimeter-wave astronomy to gather and review progress and future directions. These Proceedings discuss the state of the field and consider important unanswered questions "Interstellar carbon monoxide (CO) was first detected in 1970 by R. W. Wilson, K. B. Jefferts, and A. A. Penzias through observations of its lowest rotational transition at 2.6 mm wavelength. This discovery opened the door to a profound new understanding of several diverse yet related fields, including the phases of the interstellar medium, the initial and final phases of stellar evolution, the chemistry of dense and diffuse interstellar matter and of the solar system, the structure of the Milky Way galaxy, and the content and structure of other galaxies." "The twenty-fifth anniversary of the detection of CO was an opportunity for researchers from all branches of millimeter-wave astronomy to gather and review progress and future directions. These Proceedings discuss the state of the field and consider important unanswered questions."--BOOK JACKET Proceedings of the 170th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, held in Tucson, Arizona, May 29-June 5, 1995