Closing the Door on Globalization: Internationalism, Nationalism, Culture and Science in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (Routledge Studies in the History of Science, Technology and Medicine)

"This is a book about the tensions and entangled interactions between internationalism and nationalism, and about the effects both had on European scientific and cultural settings from the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. From chemistry to philology the essays tackle different historical case studies exploring how the paths taken by Science and Culture during the period were affected by nationalism and internationalism"-- Provided by publisher Cover 1 Half Title 2 Book Title 4 Copyright 5 Table of Contents 6 List of illustrations 8 Notes on contributors 9 1 (Inter)Nationalism, science, and culture: Disruptions and entanglements from the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century—An introduction 12 References 16 2 The politics of interwar chemistry: Neutrality and nationalism in the rhetoric and actions of internationalist chemists 18 Science, neutrality, and internationalism 19 Purity, progress, ... 20 ... And the chemists’ war 21 Negotiating neutrality 23 Nationalization of chemistry 24 Neutral meddling 25 Neutral networking 29 Science as foreign policy 31 Formal fiascos 32 State mediation in science 33 Guests in Golgotha 34 Conclusion 35 Archives 36 Notes 36 References 38 3 “Mon Cher Ami”: Curators, archaeological museums and the formation of an international knowledge transfer network 41 Introduction 41 The national and international dialectic 42 The Congrès International d’Anthropologie et d’Archéologie Préhistoriques 43 The Congress and the formation of museum connections 44 The Congress and the initiation of a conversation 46 Augustus W. Franks 49 Nationalism’s long reach? 52 The CIAAP and the national implication of international connections 57 The international architecture of the national temple 57 Conclusion 60 Notes 61 Archives 62 References 62 4 The nineteenth-century Leipzig book industry and the pan-European trade of foreign-language editions before copyright law 67 The Leipzig book industry 70 Reassessing the trade of “cheap reprints”: the specter of “foreign” invasion 72 Ephemeral genres and formats of cultural transfer in a fluid linguistic realm 73 Political interventions of the industry: The European liberal struggles and early attempts to establish copyright 80 Transnational networks and the fluctuating status of minority languages 83 Conclusions 86 Notes 88 References 89 5 Conflicting influences in António Câmara’s making of the National Agronomic Station 91 From machines to thremmatology 92 The appeal of Anglo-American science: Circulating flies and scholars 95 The German style of research 100 Organicism, Catholicism and nationalism 106 The war years 107 Notes 110 Archives 113 References 113 6 The nationalization of the Portuguese landscape: Landscape architecture, road engineering and the making of the Estado Novo dictatorship 118 The academic career of Francisco Caldeira Cabral 119 Caldeira Cabral between the landscape and the nation 122 “The road and the landscape”: Science and technology at the service of the nation of the Portuguese Estado Novo 129 Intervention in the Portuguese landscape by landscape architecture and road engineering in the interwar period:The National Stadium and the motorway stretch 137 Final remarks 148 Notes 149 Archives 150 References 150 7 Ethnography and the construction of Jewish identity 156 Notes 164 References 164 8 Relocating knowledge: From international science to national philology 166 Introduction 166 “Two cultures”: Outline of a genealogy 169 The birth of national philologies 172 Historical reason and national heroes 176 Epilogue 179 Notes 182 References 184 Index 191