Clitic and Affix Combinations: Theoretical Perspectives (Linguistik Artuell Linguistics Today)

Edited By Lorie Heggie, Fernando Ordóñez. Includes Bibliographical References And Indexes. Clitic and Affix Combinations......Page 2 Editorial page......Page 3 Title page......Page 4 LCC data......Page 5 Table of contents......Page 6 Names and addresses of contributors......Page 8 1. Affixes and clitics......Page 10 2. Why is ''ordering'' an interesting issue?......Page 17 3.1. Templatic approaches......Page 24 3.2. A representational approach to clitic ordering......Page 28 4. Future inquiries......Page 32 Notes......Page 35 References......Page 36 I. Clitic sequences......Page 40 1. Introduction......Page 42 2.1. Feature inventory of French clitics......Page 44 2.2. The representation of features......Page 48 2.3. Constraints on features and the representations......Page 50 3. Clitic movement......Page 52 4. Clitic order......Page 57 5. Spanish clitic clusters......Page 63 6.1. Why does spurious se occur?......Page 68 6.2. Evidence from Italian......Page 71 6.3. Failure of double clitics in French......Page 74 7. Clitic cooccurrence restrictions......Page 76 Notes......Page 83 References......Page 87 1. Introduction......Page 90 2.1. Universal Markedness Hierarchies......Page 92 2.2. A 'flat' feature inventory......Page 93 2.3. ''Fault lines'' in Grimshaw's lexicon......Page 94 3. An empirical 'detail': Clitic sequences are not always fixed......Page 95 3.1. Number asymmetry......Page 97 3.2. Theoretical and empirical desiderata......Page 98 4. A Feature Geometry for Spanish clitics......Page 99 5. Linearizing the geometry......Page 101 5.1. Variable clitic orders......Page 103 Notes......Page 105 References......Page 108 1. Introduction......Page 112 2.1. Introduction......Page 115 2.2. Clausal complements in Czech......Page 117 2.3. Clitic climbing......Page 119 2.4. Structure of restructuring infinitives......Page 121 3.1. Interaction between Case and climbing......Page 126 3.2. The Case Licensing Generalization......Page 129 3.3. The A-system......Page 132 3.4. The Person-Case Constraint......Page 133 3.5. Appendix: The double dative ban......Page 135 4. Conclusion: Clitic movement in the syntax......Page 137 Notes......Page 141 References......Page 146 Romance clitic clusters......Page 150 The facts......Page 151 1.1. Affixation and case checking......Page 152 1.2. On the derivation of clusters......Page 155 1.3. On direct object first and second persons......Page 159 2. Generalization to Romance......Page 160 2.1. Parametrization of Morphological Opacity......Page 161 2.2. Syntactic reduction of morphological opacity......Page 162 2.3. Generalization to oblique clusters......Page 168 2.4. On the autonomy of morphological opacity effects......Page 170 3.1. Valencia Catalan, Spanish......Page 172 3.2. Portuguese and Galician......Page 176 3.3. Italian, Basilicatese, Piedmontese, Sardinian, Veneto......Page 177 3.4. Modern Occitan......Page 178 3.5. Modern Rumanian......Page 179 4.2. Modern Provencal: Nicois......Page 180 4.4. Corsican......Page 181 5. Mixed orderings......Page 183 5.1. Aragonese......Page 184 5.2. Barcelona and Minorca Catalan......Page 185 5.4. Modern French......Page 186 6. Related theoretical issues and unsolved problems......Page 187 6.1. On morphological case assignment......Page 188 6.2. Causatives and Generalized affixation......Page 189 6.3. French third person constraint on cluster switch......Page 190 6.4. A syntactic reduction of the Weak Person-Case constraint......Page 191 6.5. Syntactic reduction of the csp......Page 192 6.6. Reducing morphological case complexity......Page 195 7. Concluding remarks: On ``strongly lexicalist'' theories......Page 197 Notes......Page 198 References......Page 202 Introduction......Page 208 1. Two versions of the Person-Case Constraint......Page 211 2. The restriction on nominative objects......Page 213 3. The Strong Version of the PCC and the restriction on nominative objects in Icelandic: Similarities and Differences......Page 216 4. A common analysis in terms of split feature checking......Page 219 5. The Weak Version of the PCC and the Multiple Agree parameter......Page 227 6. A comparison to inverse systems......Page 233 7. Summary......Page 238 Notes......Page 239 References......Page 241 II. Clitics vs. Affixation......Page 246 1. Introduction - Morphosyntactic status of nominal particles......Page 248 2.1. Non-local c-selection......Page 253 2.2. Problem of underlying structure......Page 255 2.3. Paradox of movement and selection......Page 256 3.1. Lexicalist solution using morphological templates......Page 258 3.2. Is Korean nominal morphology templatic?......Page 260 4.1. -kkeyse is a Postposition......Page 267 4.2. The Copula is not a Z-Lim......Page 274 5. Conclusion......Page 283 Notes......Page 284 References......Page 289 1. Introduction......Page 292 2. The proposal and data......Page 293 3. The analysis......Page 299 3.1. Reconstruction effects......Page 301 4. Phonological filter......Page 304 Notes......Page 306 References......Page 307 1. Outline......Page 310 2. Multiple Wh-Fronting: Some Refinements......Page 311 3. Clitic placement......Page 316 4. Accounting for the Wh/Clitic-Connection......Page 318 Notes......Page 320 References......Page 321 Introduction......Page 324 1.1. The basics......Page 325 1.2. Ending order variation......Page 326 2.1. Phonological evidence......Page 328 2.2. Suspended affixation......Page 329 2.3. Conclusion......Page 330 3. Historical perspective......Page 332 4. Analysis......Page 335 4.1. Morphological realization of the k-paradigm endings......Page 336 4.2. Syntactic realization of the z-paradigm......Page 341 4.3. The behavior of the plural suffix -lEr......Page 344 5. Notes on the morphology-syntax interface in the analysis......Page 345 6. Discussion......Page 346 7. Conclusion......Page 348 References......Page 349 Introduction......Page 352 1. Inalienability and context confinement......Page 353 2. A separation of conceptual and intentional relations......Page 356 3. The Inalienable Double Hypothesis......Page 360 4. Syntactic questions faced by the IDH......Page 365 5. Consequences of D incorporation......Page 370 6. Conclusions......Page 376 Acknowledgements......Page 377 Notes......Page 378 References......Page 381 Author index......Page 384 Languages index......Page 390 Subject index......Page 392 The series Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today......Page 398 In this volume, the relationship between clitics and affixes and their combinatorial properties has led to a serious discussion of the interface between syntax, morphology, semantics, and phonology that draws on a variety of theoretical perspectives (e.g., HPSG , Optimality Theory, Minimalism). Clitic/affix phenomena provide a rich range of data, not only for the identification of an affix vs. clitic, but also for the best way to explain ordering constraints, some of which are contradictory. A range of languages are considered, including Romance and Slavic languages, as well as Turkish, Greek, Icelandic, Korean, and Passamaquoddy. Moreover, several articles consider dialectal microparameterization, notably in Spanish, French, and Occitan. This volume thus reflects current debate on issues such as clitic ordering constraints, the relationship of clitics to inalienable possession and the left periphery, and templatic approaches to affixes vs. clitics while examining a broad range of languages