راهنمای بالینی داروشناسی اعتیاد
Clinical Manual of Addiction Psychopharmacology
معرفی کتاب «راهنمای بالینی داروشناسی اعتیاد» (با عنوان لاتین Clinical Manual of Addiction Psychopharmacology) نوشتهٔ Edited by Henry R. Kranzler, M.D., and Domenic A. Ciraulo, M.D، منتشرشده توسط نشر American Psychiatric Publishing در سال 2005. این کتاب در فرمت pdf، زبان انگلیسی ارائه شده است.
Recent—and exciting—discoveries of the neuropharmacology and psychopharmacology of addictive disorders make the Clinical Manual of Addiction Psychopharmacology an essential guide to our understanding of this exceptionally challenging field. Written with a therapeutic focus as a clinical guide for the use of pharmacotherapy in patients with substance use disorders, the Clinical Manual of Addiction Psychopharmacology offers In-depth background discussion on each major class of drug and its treatment. Meticulously detailed reviews of the pharmacology of addictive drugs and the medications used to treat dependence on these addictive drugs. The latest work of 24 recognized experts from both the United States and abroad—all contributors to the empirical literature covered here. Nine chapters, highlighted by informative illustrations, covering all of the major classes of substances that are clinically important in relation to addiction: alcohol, opioids, sedative-hypnotics, cannabis, cocaine and psychostimulants, hallucinogens and phencyclidine, club drugs (gamma-hydroxybutyrate, ecstasy, and ketamine), inhalants, and tobacco. A discussion of psychosocial treatments combined with pharmacotherapy for alcohol, cocaine, and opioid use disorders. The goal of this approach is to optimize outcomes by understanding how patient characteristics, such as substance use disorder typology, severity, family history, and comorbid psychopathology, may interact with psychosocial and pharmacological treatment. Each chapter covers three primary aspects of a major drug group: an overview of the clinical pharmacology of the abused substance, phenomenology or pharmacological treatment or both of the abstinence syndrome, and pharmacological treatment for relapse prevention. For disorders in which no clear pharmacotherapy has proven effective (e.g., cocaine dependence), or for disorders in which no clear abstinence syndrome has been established (e.g., marijuana dependence), authors review the basic pharmacology of the drug and the phenomenology of withdrawal to enable clinicians to evaluate new clinical research in medications development for those disorders. An essential guide for clinical and social work, the Clinical Manual of Addiction Psychopharmacology will find a wide audience among all prescribing clinicians, psychiatric educators and their students, and other mental health practitioners. Substance-Related Disorders Front Matter 1 Terms of Use 1 Cover 1 Title Page 4 Copyright Information 5 Contents 6 Contributors 14 Preface 18 1 Alcohol 20 Epidemiology of Drinking, Heavy Drinking, and Alcohol Use Disorders 21 Pharmacology of Ethanol and Its Relationship to Medications Development 24 Pharmacokinetics of Alcohol 24 Pharmacodynamics of Alcohol 28 Pharmacotherapy of Heavy Drinking and Alcohol Use Disorders 35 Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal 36 Medications to Reduce or Stop Drinking Behavior 38 Conclusion 58 References 60 2 Opioids 74 A Brief History 74 Prevalence and Natural History 75 Prevalence and Patterns of Opioid Use and Dependence 75 Factors Influencing Course and Treatment Outcomes 78 Medical Complications and Life Expectancy 79 Pharmacology 81 Opioid Receptors 82 Mechanisms of Tolerance and Dependence 83 Etiology of Opioid Dependence 85 Clinical Aspects of Tolerance and Withdrawal 87 Tolerance 87 Withdrawal 87 Treatment Approaches 90 Opioid Detoxification 90 Agonist Replacement 94 Opioid Substitution Therapy 94 Detoxification From Maintenance Treatment 102 Opioid Antagonists 103 Therapeutic Communities 104 Outpatient Drug-Free Treatment and Psychotherapy 105 Opioid-Associated Problems 106 Pregnancy and Opioids 106 Psychiatric Disorders 108 Conclusion 112 References 114 3 Sedative-Hypnotics 130 Benzodiazepines and Selective GABA[sub(A1)] Agonists 132 Prevalence of Misuse, Abuse, and Dependence 132 Prevalence in Special Populations 136 Overview of Neuropharmacology 139 Pharmacokinetics 144 Etiologic Theories of Misuse, Abuse, and Dependence 145 Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Intoxication and Abstinence Syndrome 147 Medical and Psychological Consequences of Abuse 149 Protocols for Detoxification 149 Role of Psychosocial Therapy 155 Predictors of Long-Term Discontinuation 155 Summary of Benzodiazepine Dependence Issues 156 Barbiturates 157 Prevalence of Dependence 157 Pharmacology 157 Pharmacokinetics 160 Clinical Uses 161 Toxicity 161 Tolerance and Withdrawal 162 Detoxification 162 Glutethimide Dependence 165 Conclusion 166 References 167 4 Cannabis 182 Prevalence of Cannabis Dependence 184 Cannabis Dependence and Withdrawal 185 Research With Human Subjects 185 Animal Studies 186 Summary 189 Treatments for Cannabis Dependence 190 Behavioral Treatments 190 Pharmacological Aids in Cannabis Cessation 190 Conclusion 194 References 195 5 Cocaine and Psychostimulants 202 Chemistry and Pharmacology 205 Neurochemical Actions Mediating Stimulant Reward 206 Neurobiological Effects of Chronic Stimulant Abuse 207 Behavioral Effects 209 Treatment Guidelines for Stimulant Abuse 211 Specific Pharmacological Treatments for Stimulant Abuse 212 Pharmacotherapy for Primary Stimulant Dependence 213 Pharmacotherapy and Psychiatric Comorbidity 218 Conclusion 219 References 220 6 Hallucinogens and Phencyclidine 230 Tryptamine-Related Hallucinogens (Indolealkylamines) 231 History and Prevalence of Abuse 232 Pharmacology 235 Acute and Chronic Effects 237 Phenylalkylamine Hallucinogens 243 History and Prevalence of Abuse of Mescaline (Peyote) 243 Pharmacology of Mescaline 244 History, Prevalence of Abuse, and Pharmacology of Hallucinogenic Phenylalkylamine Derivatives 245 Phencyclidine and Ketamine 250 History and Prevalence of Abuse 250 Pharmacology of PCP and Ketamine 251 Treatment of Intoxication 252 Anticholinergic Plants and Synthetic Agents 253 Clinical Findings in Anticholinergic Intoxication 254 Treatment of Anticholinergic Intoxication 255 References 256 7 Club Drugs 262 GHB and Related Compounds 263 Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation 263 Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 265 Toxicology 269 Treatment 271 MDMA (Ecstasy) 273 Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation 274 Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 275 Toxicology 275 Treatment 276 Ketamine 277 Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation 277 Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 277 Toxicology 278 Treatment 278 Conclusion 279 References 279 8 Inhalants 288 Historical Aspects 288 Epidemiology 290 Types of Inhalants 291 Volatile Solvents 291 Nitrites 291 Anesthetics 292 Pharmacokinetics 293 Volatile Solvents 293 Nitrites 294 Anesthetics 294 Summary 295 Behavioral Pharmacology of Inhalants in Animals and Humans 295 Reinforcing Effects 295 Effects on Motor Activity 296 Tolerance 297 Withdrawal 298 Summary 299 Effects of Inhalants on Specific Neurotransmitter Systems 299 Dopaminergic Effects 299 Glutamate/N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Effects 301 Effects on Ligand-Gated Ion Channels 301 Opioid Receptors 304 Phenomenology and Variations in the Presentation of Inhalant Use Disorders 304 Patterns of Inhalant Use in Humans 306 Phenomenology of Inhalant-Induced Disorders 308 Clinical Evaluation of Patients With Inhalant Use Disorders 313 Psychiatric History and Examination 313 Physical Examination and Laboratory Findings 314 Neuropsychological Testing 315 Neurophysiological Testing 316 Treatment 316 Psychosocial Treatment 317 Pharmacotherapy 317 Conclusion 322 References 322 9 Tobacco 334 Phenomenology of Nicotine Addiction and Clinical Aspects of Withdrawal 335 Pharmacological Treatments for Tobacco Dependence 336 Nicotine Replacement Therapies 336 Nonnicotine Pharmacotherapies 340 Treatment of Special Populations of Smokers 349 Patients With Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders 349 Smokers With Comorbid Medical Problems 351 Pregnant Smokers 351 Conclusion 352 References 353 10 Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy in Treatment of Substance Use Disorders 358 Psychotherapies for Substance Use Disorders 359 Brief Interventions 359 Motivational Enhancement Therapy 361 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies 362 Behavioral Treatments 365 Behavioral Couples Therapy 366 12-Step Therapies 368 Interactions of Psychotherapy and Pharmacological Treatments 369 Conclusion 374 References 375 Index 384 A 384 B 386 C 387 D 389 E 390 F 391 G 391 H 392 I 392 J 393 K 393 L 393 M 394 N 395 O 397 P 397 Q 399 R 399 S 400 T 401 U 402 V 402 W 403 Z 403 Cover ......Page 1 Terms of Use ......Page 0 Title Page ......Page 4 Copyright Information ......Page 5 Contents......Page 6 Contributors......Page 14 Preface......Page 18 1 Alcohol......Page 20 Epidemiology of Drinking, Heavy Drinking, and Alcohol Use Disorders......Page 21 Pharmacokinetics of Alcohol......Page 24 Pharmacodynamics of Alcohol......Page 28 Pharmacotherapy of Heavy Drinking and Alcohol Use Disorders......Page 35 Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal......Page 36 Medications to Reduce or Stop Drinking Behavior......Page 38 Conclusion......Page 58 References......Page 60 A Brief History......Page 74 Prevalence and Patterns of Opioid Use and Dependence......Page 75 Factors Influencing Course and Treatment Outcomes......Page 78 Medical Complications and Life Expectancy......Page 79 Pharmacology......Page 81 Opioid Receptors......Page 82 Mechanisms of Tolerance and Dependence......Page 83 Etiology of Opioid Dependence......Page 85 Withdrawal......Page 87 Opioid Detoxification......Page 90 Opioid Substitution Therapy......Page 94 Detoxification From Maintenance Treatment......Page 102 Opioid Antagonists......Page 103 Therapeutic Communities......Page 104 Outpatient Drug-Free Treatment and Psychotherapy......Page 105 Pregnancy and Opioids......Page 106 Psychiatric Disorders......Page 108 Conclusion......Page 112 References......Page 114 3 Sedative-Hypnotics......Page 130 Prevalence of Misuse, Abuse, and Dependence......Page 132 Prevalence in Special Populations......Page 136 Overview of Neuropharmacology......Page 139 Pharmacokinetics......Page 144 Etiologic Theories of Misuse, Abuse, and Dependence......Page 145 Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Intoxication and Abstinence Syndrome......Page 147 Protocols for Detoxification......Page 149 Predictors of Long-Term Discontinuation......Page 155 Summary of Benzodiazepine Dependence Issues......Page 156 Pharmacology......Page 157 Pharmacokinetics......Page 160 Toxicity......Page 161 Detoxification......Page 162 Glutethimide Dependence......Page 165 Conclusion......Page 166 References......Page 167 4 Cannabis......Page 182 Prevalence of Cannabis Dependence......Page 184 Research With Human Subjects......Page 185 Animal Studies......Page 186 Summary......Page 189 Pharmacological Aids in Cannabis Cessation......Page 190 Conclusion......Page 194 References......Page 195 5 Cocaine and Psychostimulants......Page 202 Chemistry and Pharmacology......Page 205 Neurochemical Actions Mediating Stimulant Reward......Page 206 Neurobiological Effects of Chronic Stimulant Abuse......Page 207 Behavioral Effects......Page 209 Treatment Guidelines for Stimulant Abuse......Page 211 Specific Pharmacological Treatments for Stimulant Abuse......Page 212 Pharmacotherapy for Primary Stimulant Dependence......Page 213 Pharmacotherapy and Psychiatric Comorbidity......Page 218 Conclusion......Page 219 References......Page 220 6 Hallucinogens and Phencyclidine......Page 230 Tryptamine-Related Hallucinogens (Indolealkylamines)......Page 231 History and Prevalence of Abuse......Page 232 Pharmacology......Page 235 Acute and Chronic Effects......Page 237 History and Prevalence of Abuse of Mescaline (Peyote)......Page 243 Pharmacology of Mescaline......Page 244 History, Prevalence of Abuse, and Pharmacology of Hallucinogenic Phenylalkylamine Derivatives......Page 245 History and Prevalence of Abuse......Page 250 Pharmacology of PCP and Ketamine......Page 251 Treatment of Intoxication......Page 252 Anticholinergic Plants and Synthetic Agents......Page 253 Clinical Findings in Anticholinergic Intoxication......Page 254 Treatment of Anticholinergic Intoxication......Page 255 References......Page 256 7 Club Drugs......Page 262 Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation......Page 263 Basic and Clinical Pharmacology......Page 265 Toxicology......Page 269 Treatment......Page 271 MDMA (Ecstasy)......Page 273 Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation......Page 274 Toxicology......Page 275 Treatment......Page 276 Basic and Clinical Pharmacology......Page 277 Treatment......Page 278 References......Page 279 Historical Aspects......Page 288 Epidemiology......Page 290 Nitrites......Page 291 Anesthetics......Page 292 Volatile Solvents......Page 293 Anesthetics......Page 294 Reinforcing Effects......Page 295 Effects on Motor Activity......Page 296 Tolerance......Page 297 Withdrawal......Page 298 Dopaminergic Effects......Page 299 Effects on Ligand-Gated Ion Channels......Page 301 Phenomenology and Variations in the Presentation of Inhalant Use Disorders......Page 304 Patterns of Inhalant Use in Humans......Page 306 Phenomenology of Inhalant-Induced Disorders......Page 308 Psychiatric History and Examination......Page 313 Physical Examination and Laboratory Findings......Page 314 Neuropsychological Testing......Page 315 Treatment......Page 316 Pharmacotherapy......Page 317 References......Page 322 9 Tobacco......Page 334 Phenomenology of Nicotine Addiction and Clinical Aspects of Withdrawal......Page 335 Nicotine Replacement Therapies......Page 336 Nonnicotine Pharmacotherapies......Page 340 Patients With Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders......Page 349 Pregnant Smokers......Page 351 Conclusion......Page 352 References......Page 353 10 Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy in Treatment of Substance Use Disorders......Page 358 Brief Interventions......Page 359 Motivational Enhancement Therapy......Page 361 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies......Page 362 Behavioral Treatments......Page 365 Behavioral Couples Therapy......Page 366 12-Step Therapies......Page 368 Interactions of Psychotherapy and Pharmacological Treatments......Page 369 Conclusion......Page 374 References......Page 375 A......Page 384 B......Page 386 C......Page 387 D......Page 389 E......Page 390 G......Page 391 I......Page 392 L......Page 393 M......Page 394 N......Page 395 P......Page 397 R......Page 399 S......Page 400 T......Page 401 V......Page 402 Z......Page 403
دانلود کتاب راهنمای بالینی داروشناسی اعتیاد
Recent—and exciting—discoveries of the neuropharmacology and psychopharmacology of addictive disorders make the Clinical Manual of Addiction Psychopharmacology an essential guide to our understanding of this exceptionally challenging field.
Written with a therapeutic focus as a clinical guide for the use of pharmacotherapy in patients with substance use disorders, the Clinical Manual of Addiction Psychopharmacology offers
• In-depth background discussion on each major class of drug and its treatment.
• Meticulously detailed reviews of the pharmacology of addictive drugs and the medications used to treat dependence on these addictive drugs.
• The latest work of 24 recognized experts from both the United States and abroad—all contributors to the empirical literature covered here.
• Nine chapters, highlighted by informative illustrations, covering all of the major classes of substances that are clinically important in relation to addiction: alcohol, opioids, sedative-hypnotics, cannabis, cocaine and psychostimulants, hallucinogens and phencyclidine, club drugs (gamma-hydroxybutyrate, ecstasy, and ketamine), inhalants, and tobacco.
• A discussion of psychosocial treatments combined with pharmacotherapy for alcohol, cocaine, and opioid use disorders. The goal of this approach is to optimize outcomes by understanding how patient characteristics, such as substance use disorder typology, severity, family history, and comorbid psychopathology, may interact with psychosocial and pharmacological treatment.
Each chapter covers three primary aspects of a major drug group: an overview of the clinical pharmacology of the abused substance, phenomenology or pharmacological treatment or both of the abstinence syndrome, and pharmacological treatment for relapse prevention.
For disorders in which no clear pharmacotherapy has proven effective (e.g., cocaine dependence), or for disorders in which no clear abstinence syndrome has been established (e.g., marijuana dependence), authors review the basic pharmacology of the drug and the phenomenology of withdrawal to enable clinicians to evaluate new clinical research in medications development for those disorders.
An essential guide for clinical and social work, the Clinical Manual of Addiction Psychopharmacology will find a wide audience among all prescribing clinicians, psychiatric educators and their students, and other mental health practitioners.
Doody Review Services
Reviewer:Michael Joel Schrift, D.O., M.A.(University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine)
Description:The increased understanding of the neurobiological basis of drug abuse and dependence over the past two decades has the potential to substantially improve diagnosis and treatment strategies. Also, this understanding has given an impetus to develop new pharmacologic interventions. This manual covers the current pharmacologic treatments and ideas for future interventions in addiction psychiatry. This multiauthored book, written and edited by internationally recognized clinician-researchers, is an extremely useful guide and information resource for the clinician treating addiction disorders.
Purpose:The purpose is to provide "substantial insights into the pharmacology of the various abused substances...provide a basis for medications development, as well as an improved understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of these disorders.
Audience:The editors intend their work as "an essential guide for clinical and social work." They include among their audience "prescribing clinicians, psychiatric educators and their students, and other mental health practitioners.
Features:Each of the 10 chapters covers a single category of drug/substance, including a chapter on psychotherapy and pharmacology of substances use disorders. Topics include alcohol, opioids, sedative-hypnotics, cannabis, cocaine and stimulants, hallucinogens and phencyclidine, club drugs, inhalants, and tobacco. The chapters are well written and scholarly with up-to-date and helpful references to the literature. The index makes the book very user-friendly.
Assessment:This is an excellent new and concise book on the psychopharmacology of addictive disorders. All physicians and mental health professionals should be familiar with the diagnosis and treatment of substance-related disorders and this book is a helpful guide to that goal.