Clinical Linguistics: Theory and Applications in Speech Pathology and Therapy (Amsterdam Studies in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science, Series IV: Current Issues in Linguistic Theory)

This work covers different aspects of speech and language pathology and it offers a fairly comprehensive overview of the complexity and the emerging importance of the field, by identifying and re-examining, from different perspectives, a number of standard assumptions in clinical linguistics and in cognitive sciences. The papers encompass different issues in phonetics, phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, discussed with respect to deafness, stuttering, child acquisition and impairments, SLI, William's Syndrome deficit, fluent aphasia and agrammatism. The interdisciplinary complexity of the language/cognition interface is also explored by focusing on empirical data from different languages: Bantu, Catalan, Dutch, English, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, and Spanish. The aim of this volume is to stress the growing importance of the theoretical and methodological linguistic tools developed in this area; to bring under scrutiny assumptions taken for granted in recent analyses, which may not be so obvious as they may seem; to investigate how even apparently minimal choices in the description of phenomena may affect the form and complexity of the language/cognition interface. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS......Page 2 Editorial page......Page 3 Title page......Page 4 Copyright page......Page 5 Acknowledgements ......Page 6 Table of contents ......Page 8 EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION......Page 10 I. PHONOLOGY IN CLINICAL APPLICATIONS ......Page 26 1.1 Historical background......Page 28 1.2 Theoretical background......Page 29 1.3 Methodological background......Page 33 1.4 Theoretical and methodological conclusions supported by the theory ......Page 34 2.1 Functional processes influencing syllable structure......Page 37 2.3 Substitution processes ......Page 38 2.4 Functional processes in Hebrew-speaking children ......Page 40 2.5 Functional processes in a hearing child of deaf parents ......Page 41 3. Summary and conclusions ......Page 43 REFERENCES ......Page 44 1. Introduction......Page 48 2. Phonological marked ness......Page 49 3. Fluent vs non-fluent aphasia and levels of processing ......Page 50 4.1 The experimental investigation ......Page 53 4.2 Discussion ......Page 56 5. The coda observation in OT......Page 58 5.2 OT and aphasia: constraints at different levels of processing ......Page 60 5.3 Considerations ......Page 64 6. Conclusion......Page 66 REFERENCES......Page 67 II. WORDS IN DEAFNESS AND STUTTERING ......Page 72 1. Introduction ......Page 74 2. State of the art ......Page 75 3. Speech production ......Page 80 3.1 Free morphology in speech ......Page 81 4. Written production ......Page 82 4.1 Heavy reduction of the bound morphemes ......Page 83 4.2 Omission or misuse of functional elements ......Page 86 5. Lexicon and interference from LIS ......Page 89 6. Orthography ......Page 91 7. A test of morphosyntax ......Page 92 8. Conclusions ......Page 97 REFERENCES......Page 98 1. Introduction......Page 100 2. A psycholinguistic model of language production ......Page 101 4. Modelling errors versus fluency failure ......Page 103 5. Stutterings and repairs......Page 105 6. The EXPLAN theory of stuttering ......Page 106 7. Some lines of evidence consistent with EXPLAN ......Page 110 7.1 The role of lexical retrieval in fluency failure ......Page 111 7.3 Function word and content word fluency failures ......Page 112 7.5 Rate change as a general result of stalling and advancing fluency failures ......Page 114 7.6 Other ways of stalling ......Page 115 8. Conclusions......Page 116 REFERENCES......Page 117 1. Introduction ......Page 120 2. Altered listening conditions and auditory feedback monitoring ......Page 121 3. Problematic relevance of the auditory loop ......Page 122 4. Speech output control without feedback monitoring ......Page 124 4.1 Alerts, stalling and advancing ......Page 126 4.2 Timekeeper and load ......Page 128 4.3 Response of the timekeeper to load variation ......Page 129 5. EXPLAN addressed to the problems faced by a monitoring account ......Page 130 6. Account of AAF and secondary tasks in fluent speakers ......Page 131 7. Effect of rate changes in people who stutter ......Page 132 8. Comparing architectures of monitoring and EXPLAN outputs ......Page 133 9.2 Does DAF selectively affect the timekeeper process? ......Page 134 9.3 Serial inputs and speech ......Page 135 9.4 Affecting fluency failures by operant procedures......Page 136 10. Conclusions ......Page 137 REFERENCES......Page 138 III. MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX IN CHILD LANGUAGE DISORDERS ......Page 142 1. Introduction......Page 144 1.2 Psycho- and neurolinguistic background ......Page 145 2.1 Subjects......Page 147 2.2 Materials......Page 148 3. Quantitative analysis ......Page 149 4. Qualitative analysis ......Page 150 5. Conclusions ......Page 152 REFERENCES......Page 154 1. Introduction......Page 156 2.1 Greek relative clauses and wh-questions in normal and SLI acquisition ......Page 158 3.1 Subjects, materials and procedure ......Page 160 3.2 Results and discussion ......Page 161 4.1 Subjects, materials and procedure ......Page 164 4.2 Results and discussion ......Page 166 5. General discussion ......Page 169 6. Conclusion......Page 174 REFERENCES......Page 175 1. Introduction......Page 180 2. Research background ......Page 181 3. Sipho and Nompumelelo ......Page 184 4. Analysis ......Page 185 4.2 Morphology......Page 186 4.3 Syntax......Page 188 5. Discussion......Page 192 6. Conclusions......Page 195 REFERENCES......Page 196 1. Introduction: Japanese as a test of SLI theories ......Page 200 2. Theories of SLI ......Page 201 2.2 Processing limitations ......Page 202 3. Typical development of verbs and particles ......Page 204 4.1 Procedures: subject identification ......Page 206 4.2 Quantitative study: does the putative JSLI group have difficulty with basic morphosyntax? ......Page 207 4.3 Qualitative study: do JSLI children have difficulties with case particles or verb morphology? ......Page 208 5. Case particles results ......Page 209 6. Verb morphology results ......Page 211 7. Discussion and conclusion ......Page 212 8. A proposal: cognitive overload account ......Page 214 REFERENCES ......Page 215 Appendix: Some features of Japanese grammar ......Page 216 IV. ISSUES ON GRAMMAR AND COGNITION ......Page 220 1. Introduction......Page 222 2.1 The semantic-pragmatic interface of coordination ......Page 223 2.2 The syntactic-pragmatic interface of coordination ......Page 228 3. Test items - do they test semantics, syntax or pragmatics? ......Page 230 4.1 Assessment of linguistic knowledge and pragmatic knowledge ......Page 232 4.2 Planning remediation based on a pragmatic analysis......Page 234 4.3 The diagnosis of specific and non-specific language disorders ......Page 235 REFERENCES......Page 236 1. Introduction......Page 238 3. Linguistic and non-linguistic accounts of SLI: 'strong modularity' ......Page 239 3.1 Linguistic accounts ......Page 240 3.2 Non-linguistic accounts ......Page 241 4. 'Weak Modularity' ......Page 244 5. Alternative model of syntax acquisition ......Page 246 6. Conclusion ......Page 250 REFERENCES......Page 251 1. Introduction: the modularity debate ......Page 254 2. Modularity and developmental disorders ......Page 255 3. Method......Page 257 5.1 Conversational sampling procedure......Page 258 6.1 Verbal and non-verbal ability ......Page 259 6.2 Conversational ability ......Page 261 7. Discussion......Page 262 8. Conclusion......Page 265 REFERENCES......Page 266 A. Children with SLI ......Page 269 B. Children with WS ......Page 270 V. GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE IN APHASIA ......Page 272 1. Introduction......Page 274 2. Methodology......Page 276 3.1 Verb inflection in spontaneous speech ......Page 277 3.2 Verb inflection in constrained task ......Page 279 3.3 Sentence construction ......Page 281 3.4 Lexical errors ......Page 283 3.6 Sentence construction in tasks and exercises ......Page 284 3.7 Judgement tasks ......Page 286 4. Summary of findings and discussion ......Page 288 5. Conclusions......Page 289 REFERENCES......Page 290 2. The empirical domain......Page 292 3. Background to agreement in minimalism ......Page 296 3.1 Competing minimalist approaches ......Page 297 4. Conclusions......Page 300 REFERENCES......Page 301 1. Introduction......Page 304 2.1 Verb deficits ......Page 305 2.2 Sentence comprehension deficits ......Page 307 2.3 Sentence production deficits ......Page 308 3.1 Verb comprehension ......Page 309 3.2 Grammaticality judgement ......Page 310 3.3 Sentence comprehension ......Page 311 3.6 Sentence construction ......Page 313 3.8 Sentence anagram without pictures ......Page 314 4. Two case studies......Page 315 4.1.1 Test results ......Page 316 4.2.1 Test results......Page 319 REFERENCES......Page 321 1. Introduction......Page 324 2. Linguistic background......Page 325 3. Psycholinguistic background ......Page 327 4. Aphasiological background ......Page 329 5.1 Subjects and materials ......Page 330 5.2 Scoring......Page 331 6. Results......Page 333 7. Discussion......Page 335 8. Conclusion......Page 337 REFERENCES......Page 338 1. Introduction......Page 340 2. The regular/irregular distinction ......Page 341 2.1 Greek inflectional system: real-time and off-line morphological processing ......Page 343 3.1 Patient profiles ......Page 345 3.2 Method......Page 346 3.3 Results ......Page 347 4. General discussion ......Page 352 4.1 Morphological processing impairment: a phonological deficit? ......Page 353 4.2 Morphological regularity in Greek and implications for models of lexical access ......Page 354 REFERENCES......Page 357 INDEX OF SUBJECTS ......Page 362 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS ......Page 370 I. Phonology In Clinical Applications -- Phonology As Human Behavior: Theoretical Implications And Cognitive And Clinical Applications / Yishai Tobin -- Segmental Vs Syllable Markedness: Deletion Errors In The Paraphasias Of Fluent And Non-fluent Aphasics / Dirk-bart Den Ouden -- Ii. Words In Deafness And Stuttering -- Morphosyntactic Fragility In The Spoken And Written Italian Of The Deaf / Roberto Ajello, Giovanna Marotta, Laura Mazzoni And Florida Nicolai -- The Explan Theory Of Fluency Control Applied To The Diagnosis Of Stuttering / Peter Howell And James Au-yeung -- The Explan Theory Of Fluency Control Applied To The Treatment Of Stuttering / Peter Howell -- Iii. Morphology And Syntax In Child Language Disorders -- Verb Movement And Finiteness In Language Impairment And Language Development / Roelien Bastiaanse, Gerard Bol, Sofie Van Mol And Shalom Zuckerman -- A-bar Movement Constructions In Greek Children With Sli: Evidence For Deficits In The Syntactic Component Of Language / Stavroula Stavrakaki -- Morphological Accessibility In Zulu / Susan M. Suzman -- Language Production In Japanese Preschoolers With Sli: Testing Theories / Yumiko Tanaka Welty, Jun Watanabe And Lise Menn -- Iv. Issues On Grammar And Cognition -- Testing Linguistic Concepts: Are We Testing Semantics, Syntax Or Pragmatics? / Leah Paltiel-gedalyovich -- Sli And Modularity: Linguistic And Non-linguistic Explanations / Dusana Rybarova The Language/cognition Interface: Lessons From Sli And Williams Syndrome / Vesna Stojanovik, Mick Perkins And Sara Howard -- V. Grammatical Structure In Aphasia -- Grammar And Fluent Aphasia / Susan Edwards -- Failure To Agree In Agrammatism / Anna Gavarro -- The Verb And Sentence Test: Assessing Verb And Sentence Comprehension And Production In Aphasia / Judith Rispens, Roelien Bastiaanse And Susan Edwards -- Case Assignment As An Explanation For Determiner Omission In German Agrammatic Speech / Esther Ruigendijk -- The Role Of Verbal Morphology In Aphasia During Lexical Access: Evidence From Greek / Kyrana Tsapkini, Gonia Jarema And Eva Kehayia. Edited By Elisabetta Fava. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. This book covers different aspects of speech and language pathology and it offers a fairly comprehensive overview of the complexity and the emerging importance of the field, by identifying and re-examining, from different perspectives, a number of standard assumptions in clinical linguistics and in cognitive sciences. The papers encompass different issues in phonetics, phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, discussed with respect to deafness, stuttering, child acquisition and impairments, SLI, William's Syndrome deficit, fluent aphasia and agrammatism. The interdisciplinary complexity of the language/cognition interface is also explored by focusing on empirical data from different languages: Bantu, Catalan, Dutch, English, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, and Spanish. The aim of this volume is to stress the growing importance of the theoretical and methodological linguistic tools developed in this area; to bring under scrutiny assumptions taken for granted in recent analyses, which may not be so obvious as they may seem; to investigate how even apparently minimal choices in the description of phenomena may affect the form and complexity of the language/cognition interface.