Clinical Biomechanics in Human Locomotion - Origins and Principles

Origins and Principles of Clinical Biomechanics in Human Locomotion discusses key concepts of how biomechanics links to the development of pathology through mechanical laws, anatomy, physiology and health. It provides fundamental principles and practical data, and guidance of how to apply these in the clinical biomechanics field. Coverage includes: major joint movement, muscle action around joints, physiology and patho-physiology of bone, muscle and neurologic disorders. This reference is ideal for teaching students in biomechanics, orthopedics and physiotherapy. It should also be of interest to product development engineers, rehabilitation engineers, those working in prosthetics and orthotics, physiotherapists and occupational therapists. The authors explore the simple laws of motion as applied to anatomy and physiology, in order to help readers understand human pathology within the human lower limb and mobility. They then go on to look at materials science concerns within this field, such as engineering stresses and strains, principles and types of material properties and the shaping of structural properties. Readers will also find within this book information on tissue science, force generation, biological sciences, evolution in biomechanics, human gait, functional units of the lower limb and foot, and finally pathomechanical principles; all as applied to clinical biomechanics. Bridges the void between research biomechanics and clinically applied biomechanics Links human locomotive biomechanics to medicine, physiology and evolutionary anatomy and medicine Prepares students, bioengineers and clinicians for the reality of utilizing biomechanical principles in clinical practice, while informing researchers of the environment limits that most clinical biomechanics practice occurs in Cover image Title page Table of Contents Copyright Dedication About the authors Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction Chapter 1: Principles of motion Abstract Chapter introduction 1.1: Basic principles of biomechanics 1.2: Terminology of motion Chapter summary References Chapter 2: Principles of materials science Abstract Chapter introduction 2.1: The principles of loading materials: Engineering stresses and strains 2.2: Principles and types of material properties 2.3: Behaviour of materials under stress 2.4: The shaping of structural properties Chapter summary References Chapter 3: Principles of tissue stress Abstract Chapter introduction 3.1: The construction of musculoskeletal tissue 3.2: Mechanical properties of fascia 3.3: Architecture and mechanical properties of tendons and ligaments 3.4: Material properties of bone 3.5: Architecture of articular cartilage, synovium, and articular mechanics 3.6: Architecture and mechanical properties of skin Chapter summary References Chapter 4: Internal force generation Abstract Chapter introduction 4.1: Force-effort generation through skeletal muscle 4.2: Nerve impulse initiation and neurological response 4.3: Mechanical homeostasis and the sensorimotor system Chapter summary References Chapter 5: Biological sciences underpinning biomechanics Abstract Chapter introduction 5.1: Genetics and cellular function 5.2: Developmental biology 5.3: Biomechanical-physiological relationship Chapter summary References Chapter 6: Evolution in biomechanics Abstract Chapter introduction 6.1: Evolution: Implications and overview 6.2: Hominin anatomy of the lower limb 6.3: Hominin foot and ankle 6.4: In consequence of hominin locomotion Chapter summary References Appendix Simple equations and mathematics Further concepts in beam theory Ductility equation Coefficient of restitution in gait impact Glossary Index