Clinical and Experimental Toxicology of Organophosphates and Carbamates

The intentions of this volume are to present both a review of the more important aspects of the basic and applied toxicology of anticholinesterase organophosphates and carbamates, and also to allow the reader the benefit of unpublished information and experience from a number of experts in this area. To allow viewpoints as globally representative as possible from East and West, contributors have been drawn from 18 countries. We are particularly pleased and grateful to have as one of the authors Dr George B. Koelle, who 27 years ago edited ''Cholinesterase and Anticholinesterase Agents'', for long widely recognized as the leading text in this field. In view of the varied, extensive and global uses of organophosphates and carbamates, it is hoped that this volume will be of value to a wide spectrum of professionals and organizations. Particularly, we believe that this text will be a reference source to biochemists, pharmacologists, general physicians, general and clinical toxicologists, emergency room and occupational health physicians, poison control centres, pesticide scientists, ecotoxicologists, industrial hygienists, and forensic toxicologists and pathoogists. Additionally, the book should be useful to those reading for undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in subjects with a toxicological facet, or for those working towards various toxicology certifying examinations Content: Front Matter , Page iii Copyright , Page iv Foreword , Pages ix-x Preface , Page xi Contributors , Pages xiii-xvii Abbreviations used in the text , Page xix 1 - Overview of the biological and clinical aspects of organophosphates and carbamates , Pages 3-14 2 - Biochemical determination of cholinesterase activity in biological fluids and tissues , Pages 15-27 3 - Histochemical localization of cholinesterase in anticholinesterase poisoning , Pages 28-34 4 - Pharmacology and toxicology of organophosphates , Pages 35-39 5 - Pharmacology and toxicology of carbamates , Pages 40-46 6 - Structure-activity relationships and anticholinesterase activity , Pages 47-58 7 - Neurobehavioural toxicology of anticholinesterases , Pages 61-74 8 - Central neurotoxicity and behavioural effects of anticholinesterases , Pages 75-83 9 - Acute and subchronic neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity of anticholinesterases , Pages 84-89 10 - Molecular events in delayed neuropathy: experimental aspects of neuropathy target esterase , Pages 90-113 11 - Validation of a rodent model of organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy , Pages 114-125 12 - Intermediate syndrome in anticholinesterase neurotoxicity , Pages 126-131 13 - Cardiac effects of anticholinesterase agents , Pages 135-144 14 - Effects of organophosphates on the heart , Pages 145-148 15 - Effects of anticholinesterases on airway smooth muscle , Pages 149-155 16 - Pulmonary toxicity of anticholinesterases , Pages 156-166 17 - Anticholinesterase-induced myonecrosis , Pages 167-179 18 - Ophthalmic toxicology of anticholinesterases , Pages 180-194 19 - Nephrotoxicity of anticholinesterases , Pages 195-202 20 - Immunotoxicology of anticholinesterase agents , Pages 203-210 21 - Immunotoxic effects of anticholinesterases , Pages 211-222 22 - Genotoxic and carcinogenic potential of anticholinesterases , Pages 223-240 23 - Development and reproductive toxicity of anticholinesterases , Pages 241-257 24 - Agricultural and veterinary toxicology of anticholinesterases , Pages 261-271 25 - Avian toxicology of anticholinesterases , Pages 272-294 26 - Ecotoxicological consequences of interactions between avian esterases and organophosphorus compounds , Pages 295-304 27 - Toxicity of anticholinesterases to aquatic organisms , Pages 305-317 28 - Cutaneous absorption of anticholinesterases , Pages 321-333 29 - Respiratory tract absorption of anticholinesterases , Pages 334-338 30 - Exposure of agricultural workers to anticholinesterases , Pages 339-345 31 - Greenhouse exposure to anticholinesterases , Pages 346-351 32 - Commercial and residential poisoning with anticholinesterases , Pages 352-363 33 - Residues of anticholinesterases in foodstuffs , Pages 364-372 34 - Organophosphorus compounds as chemical warfare agents , Pages 373-385 35 - Combustion toxicology of anticholinesterases , Pages 386-395 36 - General considerations on workplace safety for anticholinesterases , Pages 399-413 37 - Physical protection against anticholinesterases , Pages 414-420 38 - Screening of agricultural workers for exposure to anticholinesterases , Pages 421-429 39 - Monitoring for exposure to anticholinesterase-inhibiting organophorsphorus and carbamate compounds by urine analysis , Pages 430-445 40 - Neurophysiological monitors of anticholinesterase exposure , Pages 446-459 41 - Organophosphate poisoning in the UK: the National Poisons Information Service experience during 1984–1987 , Pages 463-470 42 - Incidence, presentation and therapeutic attitudes to anticholinesterase poisoning in the USA , Pages 471-481 43 - Incidence, presentation and therapeutic attitudes to antiChE poisoning in Asia , Pages 482-488 44 - Incidence, presentation and therapeutic attitudes to anticholinesterase poisoning in Egypt , Pages 489-493 45 - Anticholinesterases used in the USSR: poisoning, treatment and preventative measures , Pages 494-501 46 - Acute anticholinesterase poisoning in China , Pages 502-510 47 - Clinical presentation and diagnosis of acute organophosphorus insecticide and carbamate poisoning , Pages 513-519 48 - Pseudocholinesterase deficiency and anticholinesterase toxicity , Pages 520-527 49 - Clinical management of acute organophosphate poisoning: an overview , Pages 528-535 50 - Anticholinesterase poisoning: an overview of pharmacotherapy , Pages 536-542 51 - Atropine in the management of anticholinesterase poisoning , Pages 543-554 52 - Efficacy, toxicity and clinical use of oximes in anticholinesterase poisoning , Pages 555-577 53 - Anticonvulsants in anticholinesterase poisoning , Pages 578-586 54 - Calcium channel blocking agents in the management of acute anticholinesterase poisoning , Pages 587-595 55 - Acetylcholinesterase sequestration of organophosphate intoxicants , Pages 596-601 56 - Prophylaxis against anticholinesterase poisoning , Pages 602-610 57 - Role of poison control centres in the recognition and management of anticholinesterase poisoning , Pages 611-617 58 - Forensic aspects of acute anticholinesterase poisoning , Pages 618-622 59 - Aerial application and spray drift of anticholinesterases: protective measures , Pages 623-631 Index , Pages 633-641 Clinical & Experimental Toxicology of Organophosphates and Carbamates considers the histochemical localization of cholinesterase in anticholinesterase poisoning. This book is organized into eight parts encompassing 59 chapters that discuss the pharmacology and toxicology of carbamates, as well as the neurobehavioral toxicology of anticholinesterases. Some of the topics covered in the book are the overview of biological and clinical aspects of organophosphates and carbamates; biochemical determination of cholinesterase activity in fluids and tissues; intermediate syndrome in anticholinesterase neurotoxicity; structure-activity relationships and anticholinesterase activity; and the molecular events in delayed neuropathy. Other parts deal with the cardiac effects of anticholinesterase agents and the ecotoxicological consequences of interactions between avian esterases and organophosphorus compounds. These topics are followed by discussions on the analysis of the cutaneous and respiratory tract absorption of anticholinesterases and the use of organophosphorus compounds as chemical warfare agents. The final parts are devoted to the toxicity of anticholinesterases to aquatic organisms. The book can provide useful information to toxicologists, doctors, students, and researchers. A collection of papers intended as a reference source on organophosphates and carbamates for biochemists, pharmacologists, general physicians, general and clinical toxicologists, emergency room and occupational health physicians, poison control centres and other professional users. [edited By] Bryan Ballantyne, Timothy C. Marrs ; Foreword By W.n. Aldridge. Cover Title: Clinical & Experimental Toxicology Of Organophosphates And Carbamates. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.