Climate Emergency {u2013} Managing, Building , and Delivering the Sustainable Development Goals Selected Proceedings from the International Conference of Sustainable Ecological Engineering Design for Society (SEEDS) 2020

Through research and proven practice, the aim of the International Conference of Sustainable Ecological Engineering Design for Society (SEEDS) is to foster ideas on how to reduce negative impacts on the environment while providing for the health and well-being of society. The professions and fields of research required to ensure buildings meet user demands and provide healthy enclosures are many and diverse. The SEEDS conference addresses the interdependence of people, the built and natural environments, and recognizes the interdisciplinary and international themes necessary to assemble the knowledge required for positive change. Fosters ideas on how to reduce negative impacts on the environment; Presents leading-edge research at the intersection of sustainability, ecology, engineering, and design; Examines energy, building performance, and physics research within the context of health, life quality, and ecology Preface Acknowledgements Contents About the Editors About the Authors Part I: Social Value and Sustainability Chapter 1: The Problems of Achieving Social Sustainability: A Cultural Shift 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Problems of Social Sustainability 1.3 Likely Barriers to Achieving Social Sustainability 1.4 The Importance of Social Sustainability 1.5 Concluding Remarks References Chapter 2: A Hammer Only Sees Nails: Why Construction Contractors Monetise Social Value 2.1 Introduction 2.2 From CSR to SV 2.3 The Construction Industry 2.4 Measuring Social Value: The Battle Between Subjectivity and Objectivity 2.5 Research Methodology 2.6 Findings and Discussion 2.7 Conclusion References Chapter 3: How the Social Value Act (2012) Contributes to Wealth Inequality in the UK Construction Industry 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Changing Landscape for Local Authorities 3.3 The Social Value Act (2012) 3.4 Corporate Social Responsibility 3.5 Legitimacy Theory 3.6 Research Method 3.7 Findings and Discussion 3.8 Conclusion References Chapter 4: Transitioning from a Linear to a Circular Construction Supply Chain 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Linear and Circular Supply Chains 4.3 Research Methodology 4.4 Results and Discussion 4.5 Conclusion References Part II: Building Comfort, Performance and Energy Chapter 5: Efficient Management of Environmental Control Within Electrical Substations 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Literature Review 5.2.1 Substations 5.3 Required Environmental Conditions and Approach to Environmental Control 5.4 Research Review and Methodology 5.5 Research Method 5.5.1 Environmental Monitoring Campaign 5.5.2 Interventions • Pendleton • Windermere • South East Macclesfield 5.6 Research Results 5.7 Discussion 5.8 Conclusions References Chapter 6: Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings (nZEB) and Their Effect on Social Housing in Ireland: A Case Study Review 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings and Social Housing 6.3 Research Method 6.4 Results and Analysis 6.5 Discussion 6.5.1 Materials 6.5.2 Superstructure 6.5.3 Mechanical and Electrical (M&E) Services 6.5.4 Subcontractors 6.5.5 Internal Plastering 6.5.6 Preliminaries 6.5.7 Time 6.6 Conclusion and Recommendations References Chapter 7: Performance of Distributed Energy Resources in Three Low-Energy Dwellings During the UK Lockdown Period 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Literature Review on Solar PVs and Batteries 7.3 The Zero Plus Project Case Study Dwellings 7.4 Methodology 7.5 Results 7.5.1 Total Energy Consumption of the Dwellings 7.5.2 Electricity Balance in the Dwellings 7.5.3 Impact of Covid-19 Lockdown on Energy Use in the Dwellings 7.6 Discussion 7.7 Conclusion References Chapter 8: Learnings from the Evolution of the University of Suffolk EcoLab: Adopting People-Centred Design Approaches to Encourage the Mass Uptake of Energy Transition Solutions in the Housing Sector 8.1 Introduction 8.2 The Consumer 8.3 Collaborative Environment 8.4 Hackathon 8.5 Next Steps 8.6 Summary References Chapter 9: A Review of Sustainable Construction Practices in Ghana 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Research Method 9.3 Literature Review 9.3.1 The Construction Industry in Ghana 9.3.2 Description of Sustainable Construction 9.3.3 Implementation of Sustainable Construction 9.3.4 Barriers and Drivers of Sustainable Construction in Ghana 9.4 Lessons Learnt 9.5 Conclusion and Way Forward References Chapter 10: Key Factors Influencing Deployment of Photovoltaic Systems: A Case Study of a Public University in South Africa 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Literature Review 10.3 Research Methodology 10.4 Results and Discussion 10.4.1 Photovoltaic Systems Deployment at CUT 10.4.2 Factoring Influencing Upscaling of PV Systems and Remedial Measures Funding Challenges Challenges Relating to Installation Space Limited Commitment to Operationalising Policies and Practices Limited Knowledge or Appreciation of Benefits from Existing Projects Lack of Sustainability Office Lack of Schemes Which Support Photovoltaic Development Lack of External Motivation and Incentives 10.5 Conclusion References Part III: Retrofit for Energy Efficiency and Comfort Chapter 11: Is It Possible to Develop Lamella and Airey Properties Ecologically? 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Literature Review 11.2.1 BRE 11.2.2 Structherm 11.2.3 Mapei 11.3 Research Review and Methodology 11.3.1 Philosophical Worldview 11.3.2 Research Designs 11.3.3 Research Methods 11.3.4 Research Aims 11.4 Research Results 11.4.1 Questionnaire Survey 11.4.2 Existing Literature Review 11.4.3 Professional Experience 11.5 Discussion 11.5.1 Questionnaire 11.5.2 Airey 11.5.3 Lamella 11.6 Conclusion 11.6.1 Airey 11.6.2 Lamella 11.6.3 Research Review References Chapter 12: Implications of a Natural Ventilation Retrofit of an Office Building 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Indoor Air Quality 12.3 Indoor Carbon Dioxide 12.4 Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) 12.5 Natural Ventilation 12.6 Hybrid Ventilation Systems 12.7 Research Methodology 12.8 Building Type and Location 12.9 Research Method 12.10 Research Results: Indoor Air Quality 12.11 Research Results: Carbon Dioxide 12.12 Research Results: SBS Survey 12.13 Discussion 12.14 Conclusion References Part IV: Education and Sustainability Chapter 13: Developing a Sustainable Urban Environment Through Teaching Asset Management at a Postgraduate Level 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Issues in Urban Sustainability Management 13.3 The Role of Asset Management in Facilitating Urban Sustainability 13.3.1 The Sustainable Asset Management Process 13.3.2 Systems Approach to Sustainable Asset Management 13.4 Postgraduate Education in Sustainable Asset Management 13.5 Discussion and Conclusion References Chapter 14: The Impact of Department of Construction Management Facebook Environment-Related Posts 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Review of the Literature 14.2.1 Public Relations 14.2.2 The Impact of Social Media 14.2.3 Current Reality 14.3 Research 14.3.1 Research Method and Sample Stratum 14.3.2 Research Results 14.4 Conclusions 14.5 Recommendations References Chapter 15: ‘The Breakfast Room Game’: A Case of an Innovative Construction Project Management Simulation for Year 6 Children 15.1 Introduction 15.2 A Pedagogy of Lego-Based Simulation and the ‘Intermediate Impossible’ 15.3 Observations from Operation of the Game 15.4 How Skills Are Developed 15.5 The Interactions and Exchanges in Production of the Game 15.6 Future Developments 15.7 Conclusion References Part V: Health Safety and Wellbeing Chapter 16: Underground Utility Services on Irish Construction Projects: Current Work Practices and the Effectiveness of the Health and Safety Authority (HSA) Code of Practice 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Underground Utility Services in Ireland, UK and Australia 16.2.1 Client Duties 16.2.2 Designer Duties 16.2.3 Contractor Duties 16.2.4 Using as-Built Drawings 16.2.5 Excavation Techniques 16.3 Research Method 16.4 Results and Analysis 16.5 Discussion 16.5.1 Various Factors that Influence Service Strikes 16.5.2 How to Improve Safety around Services 16.5.3 The HSA Code of Practice 16.6 Conclusion and Recommendations References Chapter 17: Health and Safety Practices and Performance on Public Sector Projects: Site Managers’ Perceptions 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Review of the Literature 17.2.1 Health and Safety Legislation 17.2.2 Ergonomics Problems 17.2.3 Contributing Factors in Accidents 17.3 Research 17.3.1 Research Method and Sample Stratum 17.3.2 Research Results 17.4 Discussion 17.5 Conclusions 17.6 Recommendations References Chapter 18: Understanding the Concept of Resilience in Construction Safety Management Systems 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Background of Resilience 18.3 Resilience from Different Perspectives 18.4 The Concept of Resilience in Safety Management 18.4.1 Concept Building Towards Resilience in Safety Management Systems 18.5 Research Methodology 18.6 Results and Discussions 18.6.1 Concept of Resilience 18.6.2 Ability to Respond Response: Dealing with the Actual 18.6.3 Ability to Monitor: Dealing with the Critical 18.6.4 Ability to Anticipate: Dealing with the Potential 18.6.5 Ability to Learn: Dealing with the Facts 18.7 Conclusion References Chapter 19: Optimisation of the Process for Generation, Delivery and Impact Assessment of Toolbox Talks on a Construction Site with Multiple Cultures 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Literature Review 19.2.1 Employers’ Onus 19.3 Research Method 19.4 Research Results 19.5 Discussion 19.6 Conclusion References Part VI: Programme Management, Project Management and Supply Chains Chapter 20: Bagging a Bargain Begets Amnesia: Insights of Integrating Responsible Sourcing into Building Information Modelling 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Literature Review 20.3 Research Methodology 20.3.1 Literature Review 20.3.2 Data Collection 20.3.3 Data Analysis 20.4 Research Results and Discussion 20.4.1 Participant and Organisational Demographics 20.4.2 Benefits to Implementing and Integrating Responsible Sourcing within BIM Systems 20.4.3 Barriers to Implementing and Integrating Responsible Sourcing Within BIM Systems 20.5 Conclusion References Chapter 21: An Analysis of Adversarial/Cooperative Attitudes in Construction Contracting: How Approaches to Adversarial Procurement Might Have a Lasting Effect on Project Culture 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Research Review and Methodology 21.3 Findings 21.4 Discussion and Conclusions References Chapter 22: “Megaprojects to Mega-Uncertainty” Is About Risk Management to Perform 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Literature Review 22.2.1 Project Performance Evaluation 22.2.2 A Review of the Iron Triangle 22.2.3 Subjectivity in Project Evaluation 22.2.4 Differentiating Characteristics of Megaprojects Accepting Characteristics and Differentiating Megaprojects Substantial Stakeholder Involvement Organisational Structure Eccentric Cost Extreme Time Delays Complexity and Uncertainty Unique First-Time Environments Ability to Derive Exponential Benefits (Author, 2020) 22.2.5 Reasons for Megaproject Failure in Context of the Iron Triangle Project Life Cycle Business Case Scope Creep Limitations of the Iron Triangle 22.3 Research Methodology 22.3.1 Originality/Value 22.3.2 Research Limitations 22.4 Findings 22.5 Discussions 22.5.1 The Fallacy of Traditional Project Management Theory 22.5.2 Case Study Analysis Based on the Iron Principles (Quality, Time and Costs) 22.5.3 Risk Management in Complexity and Uncertainty 22.5.4 Misinterpretation Justified: Hirschman’s Hiding Hand Theory (HHP) 22.6 Summary and Conclusions References Chapter 23: How Calls for New Theory Might Address Contemporary Issues Affecting the Management of Projects 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Research Methodology 23.3 Literature, Secondary Data 23.3.1 Contemporary Issues in the Management of Projects 23.3.2 The Project Management Rethinking Agenda 23.4 Analysis 23.5 Discussion and Concluding Hypotheses References Chapter 24: Can Hard Paradigm Artefacts Support Soft Paradigm Imperatives? An Unpaired Comparative Experiment to Determine whether Visualisation of Data Is an Effective Collaboration and Communication Tool in Project Problem-Solving 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Project Management: Hard and Soft Paradigms 24.3 Visualisation and Cognitive Fit Theory 24.4 Research Review and Methodology 24.5 Research Method 24.6 Research Results 24.7 Conclusion 24.8 Limitations References Chapter 25: Collusion within the UK Construction Industry, An Ethical Dilemma 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Literature Review 25.3 Research Method 25.4 Data Analysis 25.5 Conclusion References Chapter 26: The Myth of the Post Project Review 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Research Methodology 26.3 Findings 26.4 Discussion 26.5 Conclusion 26.6 Limitations References Chapter 27: The Tendency Towards Suboptimal Operational Planning 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Research Method 27.3 Literature Review 27.4 Findings 27.4.1 Project Case Study 1: Water Pump Manufacturing Project 27.4.2 Project Case Study 2: Care Home Construction Project 27.4.3 Project Case Study 3: FF&E Furniture Project 27.4.4 Project Case Study 4: IT Software Procurement Project 27.4.5 Possible Solution 27.5 Summary 27.6 Conclusion References Part VII: Smart Digital Innovation Chapter 28: Challenges of Projects Supporting Smart Cities’ Development 28.1 Introduction 28.2 Literature Review 28.2.1 Technology/Infrastructure 28.2.2 Human Dimension 28.2.3 Institutional Dimension 28.3 Research Review 28.4 Research Method 28.5 Discussion 28.6 Conclusion References Chapter 29: I Spy with My Little Eye: Improving User Involvement in Elderly Care Facility Design through Virtual Reality 29.1 Introduction 29.2 User Engagement in Healthcare Facility Design 29.3 Virtual Reality and User Involvement in Healthcare Facility Design 29.4 Proposed Approach 29.5 Testing of Proposed System 29.6 Findings and Discussion 29.6.1 Elderly Friendly Functionality 29.6.2 Desirable Features of the Virtual Building Design 29.7 Conclusion References Chapter 30: Smart Enterprise Asset Management 30.1 Introduction 30.2 Literature Review 30.3 Methodology 30.3.1 Smart Enterprise Asset Management Lifecycle 30.3.2 Digital Twin 30.4 Smart Enterprise Asset Management Ecosystem 30.4.1 Smart Enterprise Asset Management System Ecosystem: Joined-Up Digital Strategy 30.4.2 Smart Enterprise Asset Management: Ecosystem Solutions for a Smart Building Use Case 30.4.3 Smart Enterprise Asset Management and Ecosystem of Partners 30.4.4 Summary of Smart Enterprise Asset Management 30.5 Conclusion References Chapter 31: Strategic Management of Assets and Compliance through the Application of BIM and Digital Twins: A Platform for Innovation in Building Management 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Drivers for an Integrated BIM Asset Management Model 31.3 Case Study: Process-Interaction Flow – An Integrated BIM Asset Management Model 31.4 Digital Twin and BIM-Enabled Asset Management 31.5 Smart BIM-Enabled Asset Management Ecosystem 31.6 Methodology 31.7 Use Case: Churchill Mansions 31.7.1 Phase 1: Start Small 31.7.2 Phase 2: Scale Fast 31.7.3 Phase 3: Think Big 31.8 Conclusion: Future Development References Chapter 32: BIM Education Through Problem-Based Learning Exercise: Challenges and Opportunities in an Inter-Professional Module 32.1 Introduction 32.2 Aim and Objectives 32.3 Research Methods 32.4 Results 32.5 Discussion 32.6 Conclusion and Recommendations References Chapter 33: Investigating the Trinity Between Sustainability and BIM-Lean Synergy: A Systematic Review of Existing Studies 33.1 Introduction 33.2 Conceptual Review 33.2.1 Building Sustainability 33.2.2 Building Information Modeling (BIM) 33.2.3 Lean Construction 33.3 Research Methodology 33.4 Outcomes 33.4.1 Stage 1: “BIM-Lean” Research 33.4.2 Stage 2: “BIM-Sustainability” Research 33.4.3 Stage 3: “Lean-Sustainability” Research 33.4.4 Stage 4: “BIM-Lean-Sustainability” Research 33.5 Gap in the Field: Emergence of Synergy 33.6 Conclusion References Part VIII: Sustainable Practice Chapter 34: Management Policy for Laboratory Electronic Waste from Grave to Cradle 34.1 Introduction 34.2 Literature Review 34.2.1 Problem Statement 34.2.2 E-Waste Management 34.2.3 Existing Policies and Legislations Waste Electrical Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive 2002/96/EC Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive 2002/95/EC Energy-Using Products (EUP) Directive 2005/32/EC Basel Convention 34.2.4 Limitations of Existing Policies 34.2.5 Policy Proposal: Management Policy for Laboratory E-Waste 34.2.6 Barriers to Proposed Policy 34.3 Research Method 34.4 Research Results and Analysis 34.5 Discussion 34.5.1 Policy Opportunities 34.5.2 Recommendations 34.5.3 Further Research 34.6 Conclusion References Chapter 35: The Place of Urban Forestry in our Viable Urban Futures: A Cosmetic or a Metaphysic? 35.1 Introduction 35.2 Discussion 35.3 Conclusion References Chapter 36: Illicit Crops, Planning of Substitution with Sustainable Crops Based on Remote Sensing: Application in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Colombia 36.1 Introduction 36.2 Research Review and Methodology 36.3 Research Results 36.4 Conclusion References Chapter 37: Bibliometric Study on Particle Emissions of Natural and Alternative Building Materials 37.1 Introduction 37.2 Search Strategy 37.2.1 Frontline Literature 37.3 Family of Construction Materials 37.3.1 Natural Materials (Traditional) 37.3.2 Alternative Materials 37.4 Natural and Alternative Material Selection 37.5 Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions 37.5.1 Emissions and Human Health 37.5.2 Factors Affecting Building Material Emissions 37.6 Material Efficiency 37.7 Conclusion and Future Research Direction References Part IX: Sustainable Transport Chapter 38: Social Acceptance and Societal Readiness to EVs 38.1 Introduction 38.2 Literature Review 38.3 Research Methodology 38.3.1 Survey 38.3.2 Data and Quality Control 38.4 Results and Analysis 38.5 Discussion 38.5.1 Implications 38.5.2 Recommendations 38.5.3 Further Research 38.6 Conclusion References Chapter 39: Transport and Waste: Killing Two Birds with One Stone—The Sustainable Energy 39.1 Introduction 39.2 Transport 39.3 Waste and Energy 39.4 Innovative Insights 39.5 Concluding Remarks References Index