Climate Change Impact on Water Resources: Proceedings of 26th International Conference on Hydraulics, Water Resources and Coastal Engineering (HYDRO 2021)

This book comprises the proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Hydraulics, Water Resources and Coastal Engineering (HYDRO 2021) focusing on broad spectrum of emerging opportunities and challenges on the impact of climate change on water resources. It covers a range of topics, including, but not limited to, climate change assessment and downscaling issues, climate change impact and adaptive measures, influence of climate variability on hydro-climatic variables, impact of climate change on water resources of Indian Rivers, etc. Presenting recent advances in the form of illustrations, tables, and text, the content offers readers insights for their own research. In addition, the book addresses fundamental concepts and studies on the impact of climate change on water resources, making it a valuable resource for both beginners and researchers wanting to further their understanding of hydraulics, water resources and coastal engineering. Preface Acknowledgements Contents About the Editors Temporal Networks: A New Approach to Model Non-stationary Hydroclimatic Processes with a Demonstration for Soil Moisture Prediction 1 Introduction 2 Methodological Approach in Temporal Networks 3 Application of the Temporal Network-Based Approach 3.1 Study Area and Data Source 3.2 Model Performance and Discussion 4 Concluding Remarks References Downscaling of GCM Output Using Deep Learning Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Datasets 2.1 Mahanadi Basin 2.2 NCEP Reanalysis Datasets 2.3 Predictors Selection for Precipitation Prediction 2.4 APHRODITE Datasets 3 Methodologies 3.1 Deep Neural Network (DNN) 3.2 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) 3.3 2D CNN 3.4 3D CNN 3.5 Hybrid Deep Neural Network (Hybrid-DNN) 3.6 Performance Evaluation Metrics 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Application of TVDM in Modeling the Observed Precipitation Over Godavari River Basin, India 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Source 2.1 Godavari River Basin 2.2 Data Used 2.3 Canadian Earth System Model–Version2 (CanESM2) 3 Methodology 3.1 Time-Varying Downscaling Model (TVDM) 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusions References Assessment of Kernel Regression Based Statistically Downscaled Rainfall Over Tapi River Basin, India 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Source 2.1 Tapi River Basin 2.2 Data Used 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Rainfall Characteristics 3.2 Sub-Basin Wise Rainfall Distribution 4 Conclusions References Analysis of Uncertainty Due to Climate Change Using REA Approach in Different Regions of Western Ghats, South India 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Material and Methods 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 REA Weighted Ensemble and Uncertainty Estimation Grid Wise 4.2 River Basin Scale REA 5 Conclusions References Assessment of Temperature for Future Time Series Over Lower Godavari Sub-Basin, Maharashtra State, India 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Downscaling 2.2 Study Area and Data Source 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Calibration and Validation of the Model 4 Conclusions References Projection of Daily Rainfall States Over Tapi Basin Using CMIP5 and CMIP6-Based Global Climate Model 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Data Used 2.3 Methodology 3 Results and Analysis 4 Conclusions References Assessment of Precipitation Extremes in Northeast India Under CMIP5 Models 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Collection 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Data Collection 2.3 Calculated Values of EPIs 3 Results and Discussion 4 Assessment of Simulated Historical Data 4.1 For the Station Guwahati 4.2 For the Station North Lakhimpur 5 Comparison with the Previous Studies 6 Conclusions References Impact of Climate Change on Precipitation Extremes in Northeast India Under CMIP5 Models 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Source 2.1 North-Eastern Region (NER) 2.2 Data Used 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Assessment of Simulated Historical Data 3.2 Assessment of Simulated Future Data 4 Conclusions References Climate Change Impact Assessment on Water Resources–A Review 1 Introduction 2 Climate Change Impact on Water Resources 2.1 Climate Change Scenarios 2.2 Climate Models and Its Approach in Impact Assessment 2.3 Downscaling and Bias Correction 2.4 Hydrological Modelling 3 Summary References Trends in Extreme Streamflow Indices in the Godavari River Basin 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Source 3 Methodology 3.1 Streamflow Indices 3.2 Non-parametric Statistical Techniques 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Change Point and Trends in Extreme Streamflow Indices 4.2 Changes in the Distributional Characteristics of Streamflows 5 Conclusions References Spatio-Temporal Changes in the Streamflow Regimes Across Mahanadi River Basin 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Study Area and Data Source 2.2 Methodology 2.3 Flow Duration Curve 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Change Point Detection 3.2 Trend Detection 3.3 Changes in Streamflow Characteristics Through Flow Duration Curve 3.4 Changes in Streamflow Quantiles 4 Conclusions References Assessment of Temporal Changes in Streamflow Characteristics Across Cauvery River Basin 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Study Area: Cauvery Basin 2.2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Change Point Detection 3.2 Trends in Streamflow Indices 4 Conclusions References Comparison of Three Trend Detection Methods for Hydrological Parameters of Wainganga Basin, India 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Used 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Data Used 3 Methodology 3.1 Mann–Kendall Test 3.2 Sen’s Slope Estimator 3.3 Innovative Trend Analysis 4 Results 4.1 Preliminary Analysis 4.2 Trend Analysis Using Statistical Methods 4.3 Trend Analysis Using ITA Technique 5 Conclusion References Trend Analysis of Groundwater Levels in Visakhapatnam Coastal Aquifer 1 Introduction 2 Approach 2.1 Study Area 3 Data Collection 3.1 Spatial Variation of Groundwater Level 3.2 Mann-Kendall (MK) Test 4 Sen’s Slope Test 5 Summarizations 5.1 Spatial Analysis of GWL 5.2 Mann–Kendall (MK) Test of Groundwater Level 6 Conclusions References Spatiotemporal Analysis of Rainfall and Temperature Over Pennar River Basin, India 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Source 2.1 Pennar River Basin 2.2 Data Used 2.3 Methodology Adopted 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Preliminary Statistical Analysis 3.2 Trends in Annual Rainfall and Temperature Time Series 3.3 Trends in Rainfall and Temperature for Monsoon Season Time Series 3.4 Trends in Daily Peak Rainfall and Daily Peak Temperature Time Series 3.5 Conclusions References Trend Analysis of Rainfall and Temperature in the Damoh District, Central India 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Source 2.1 Damoh District 2.2 Data Used 3 Methodology 3.1 Mann–Kendall (MK) Test 3.2 Sen’s Slope Test 4 Result and Analysis 4.1 Trend Analysis of Rainfall 4.2 Trend Analysis of Temperature 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions References A Trend Analysis of Rainfall and Temperature Pattern Using Non-parametric Tests of a Bharuch District, Gujarat, India 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Source 2.1 Bharuch District 2.2 Data Collection 2.3 Mann–Kendall’s Test 2.4 Sen’s Slope Estimator Test 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Results 3.2 Discussion 4 Conclusions References Evaluation of Impacts of Climate Change on Temperature Variation: The Case Study of Amaravati City, India 1 Introduction 2 Climate Change Effect Evaluation Studies 3 Objectives of the Present Study 4 Study Area 5 Methodology 5.1 Mann–Kendall Test 5.2 Sen’s Slope Estimator [20] 5.3 Autocorrelation 6 R Programming 7 Considered Data 8 Results and Discussion 9 Conclusions References Analysis of Rainfall Variability and Drought Over Bardoli Region 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Sources 3 Methodology 3.1 Innovative Trend Analysis 4 Drought Analysis Using Standardized Precipitation Index: 5 Results and Discussions 5.1 Variation in the Precipitation 5.2 Seasonal Variation in the Precipitation 5.3 Annual Variation in the Precipitation 5.4 Overall Trends in Precipitation 6 Conclusions References Trend Analysis of Drought Events Over the Sirohi District in Western Rajasthan of India 1 Study Area and Data Source 2 Methodology 2.1 Trend Analysis Using M–K Test 2.2 Sen’s Slope Estimator Method 2.3 Drought Analysis Using SPI Method 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Rainfall Trend Analysis 3.2 Standardized Precipitation Index 4 Conclusions References Statistical Analysis of Precipitation Over Kota (India) from 1981 to 2020 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Source 3 Trend Analysis and Precipitation Indices 3.1 Trend Analysis 3.2 Normal Annual Rainfall (NAR) 3.3 Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) 3.4 Standardised Rainfall Anomaly (SRA) 3.5 Wetness Index ( Wi) 3.6 Coefficient of Variation (C.V.) 3.7 Dependable Rainfall 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusions References Trend Analysis of Long-Term Rainfall Data Series 1 Introduction 2 Trend Analysis of Hydrologic Data 3 Significance of Trend 4 Sen’s Innovative Trend Analysis Method 4.1 Wavelet Decomposition Method 5 Data Used 6 Preliminary Data Processing 6.1 Mann–Kendall Test and Sen’s Slope Estimation 6.2 Sen’s [25] Innovative Trend Analysis Method 6.3 Results of Wavelet Decomposition for Trend Analysis 7 Conclusions References Spatio-Temporal Variability and Trend Analysis of Changing Rainfall Patterns Over Upper Bhima Sub-Basin, Maharashtra, India 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Study Area: Upper Bhima Sub-Basin 2.2 Precipitation Data 2.3 Mann–Kendall Test (MK) and Sen’s Slope Estimator 2.4 Standard Deviation (S) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Long Term Mean Monthly Rainfall Distribution 3.2 Temporal Variation and Trends of Rainfall 3.3 Spatial Variation of Rainfall 3.4 Deviation in Rainfall from Mean 4 Conclusions References A Non-parametric Study on the Precipitation Trend in the Upper Brahmaputra River Basin, India 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Source 2.1 Upper Brahmaputra River Basin 2.2 Data Used 3 Methodology 3.1 Selection of Input Parameters 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusions References A Spatio-temporal Analysis of Rainfall Trends and Variability Due to Changing Climate in the Central Zone of Himachal Pradesh, India 1 Introduction 2 Data and Methodology 2.1 Study Area and Data 2.2 Downscaling Using SDSM-DC 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Performance Evaluation of SDSM During Calibration 3.2 Comparison of Observed and Modelled Precipitation 3.3 Validation of SDSM Model 3.4 Annual Trends of Projected Climatic Variables 4 Conclusions References Trend Analysis of Hourly Rainfall Indices in Savitri River Basin, India 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Used 2.1 Savitri River Basin 2.2 Data Used 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Precipitation and Stream flow Trends for Swarna River Watershed, Karnataka, India. 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Source 2.1 Swarna River Basin (SRB) 3 Data Used 3.1 Rainfall Analysis and Stream Flow Analysis 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Homogeneity Test 4.2 Number of Rainy Days 4.3 Coefficient of Variation 4.4 Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) 4.5 Probable Maximum Precipitation 4.6 Trend Analysis 4.7 Flash Flood Magnitude Index (FFMI) 4.8 Flash Flood Magnitude Ratio 5 Conclusions References Assessment of Crop Water Requirement in the Context of Climate Change 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Dataset 2.3 CROPWAT Model 2.4 ETo Calculator 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Variation of Tmax and Tmin 3.2 Simulation of Reference Evapotranspiration 3.3 Variation of Rainfall 3.4 Simulation of Crop Water Requirement 4 Conclusions References Climate Change Impact on Future Reference Evapotranspiration and Crop Evapotranspiration for Maize in Sehore District of Madhya Pradesh 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Impact of Climate Change on Crop Water Requirement: A Case Study of Amreli District 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Source 2.1 Data Collection 3 Methodology 3.1 Selection of Input Parameters 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Trend of Climatological Parameters 4.2 Crop Water Requirement 5 Conclusions References Development of Intensity–Duration–Frequency Curves for Surat City Incorporating Daily Data 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Collection 2.1 Surat City 2.2 Data Collection 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions Appendix 1: Intensities Corresponding to Time and Return Period References Generation of Intensity–Duration–Frequency Curve for Tezpur, Assam 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Source 2.1 Tezpur 2.2 Data Used 2.3 Methods Used 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Intercomparison of MoM, MLM and LMO Estimators of Probability Distributions for Assessment of Extreme Rainfall 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Goodness-of-Fit Tests 2.2 Diagnostic Test 3 Application 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Extreme Value Analysis of Rainfall 4.2 Analysis of Results Based on GoF Tests 4.3 Analysis of Results Based on Diagnostic Test 4.4 Selection of Probability Distribution 5 Conclusions References Development of a Fog Index to Study Relationships Between Fog and Climate Variables 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Data 3 Methodology 3.1 Development of Fog Index 3.2 Analysis of the Relationship Between Climate Variables and Fog 4 Results 5 Conclusions References Regionalization of Multiplicative Random Cascade Model Parameter for Awash River Basin, Ethiopia 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Study Area (Awash River Basin) 2.2 Multiplicative Random Cascade Model 2.3 Moment Scaling 2.4 Regionalization 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Canonical Model 4 Summary and Conclusion References