کلود بوفیه و توماس رید: دو فیلسوف عقل‌گرا

All too often it is said that common-sense philosophers fail to justify their appeal to common sense as a philosophical standard, and that they merely repeat one another in the glorification of philosophical trivialities. This book challenges these and other widespread assumptions about common-sense philosophers and provides a major reassessment of an influential segment of the history of ideas Contents I: General Introduction II: Claude Buffier 1. The Context of Buffier's Doctrine of Common Sense 2. The Problem of Asserting the Core of Buffier's Philosophy of Common Sense 3. The Problem of Defining Common Sense as Buffier Sees It 4. What Common Sense Is Not 5. What Common Sense Is 6. Buffier's Justification of the Appeal to Common Sense 7. Conclusion III: Thomas Reid 1. Difficulties in Assessing the Core of Reid's Doctrine 2. Reid's Methodological Rules Concerning the Intellectual Powers of Man 3. The Importance of Reid's Decision to Elucidate the Meaning of Common Sense in His "Essay on Judgment" 4. Reid's Elucidation of the Proper Meaning of Common Sense 5. Reid's Analysis of Philosophical Objections to the Common Meaning of Common Sense 6. Reid's Analysis of the Problem of First Principles 7. Reid's Alternative Model in the Treatment of Self-evident Propositions 8. The Background of Reid's Alternative 9. Reid's Codification of Self-evident Propositions 10. Reid's Justification of the Appeal to Common Sense 11. Reid's Understanding of Newton's Methodological Rules 12. Reid's Understanding of Francis Bacon's Methodological Advice 13. The Impact of Reid's Method on His General Doctrine of First Principles 14. Conclusion IV: General Conclusion 1. The Different Views of Buffier and Reid on Introspection 2. The Views of Buffier and Reid on the Most Important Features of the Human Mind 3. The Different Common-Sense Doctrines of Buffier and Reid 4. Two Counterexamples to the Caricatures of Common-Sense Doctrines Appendix: Thomas Reid's Curâ Primâ on Common Sense Bibliography Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z Claude Buffier (1661-1737) was a French Jesuit whose philosophy earned Voltaire's praise. Thomas Reid (1710-96) was the one Scottish philosopher whose response to David Hume is still taken seriously. In this comparative study Professor Marcil-Lacoste not only refutes common assumptions, but also shows that, despite their similar concerns and the unfounded charge that Reid plagiarized from Buffier, a comparison of Reid and Buffier illuminates a range of significant epistemological issues. Further, she demonstrates that common-sense philosophies can be varied, subtle, and original. This book also includes an edited and annotated version of Reid's hitherto unpublished curâ primâ on common sense prepared by David Fate Norton.