Cladocera As Model Organisms in Biology : Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Cladocera, Held in Bergen, Norway, 9–16 August 1993

The Third International Symposium on Cladocera, papers from which make up this volume, covered recent findings on the behaviour, life history, population genetics, reproduction, chemical communication, predator-prey interactions, epibionts, taxonomy, phylogeny, palaeolimnology and biogeography of this animal group. The Cladocera occupy an intermediate position in lake ecosystems, both as plankton and benthic organisms. Their often high abundance and their function, as transfer organisms from algae and dead organic matter to macro-invertebrates and fish, make them one of the most important organisms to affect the biological processes in freshwater ecosystems. The Cladocera living among the plankton often have recognizable distribution patterns and migrations; their size and brief life cycles make them popular in laboratory experiments; their cyclic parthenogenesis makes them suitable for many aspects of population genetics; and they are present as microfossils in lake sediments. All these features confer a unique status on the Cladocera as model organisms in many aspects of modern systematics and ecology. Front Matter....Pages i-xvi What can molecular markers tell us about the evolutionary history of Daphnia species complexes?....Pages 1-7 Genetic variation in Simocephalus (Anomopoda: Daphniidae) in North America: patterns and consequences....Pages 9-14 Large Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium deviations in the Daphnia longispina of Lake El Tobar....Pages 15-23 Differences in genetic structure and ecological diversity between parental forms and hybrids in a Daphnia species complex....Pages 25-32 Effects of salinity on the life history and fitness of Daphnia magna : variability within and between populations....Pages 33-41 Changing attitudes toward chydorid anomopods since 1769....Pages 43-55 Phylogeny and adaptive radiation within the Anomopoda: a preliminary exploration....Pages 57-68 The evolution of groundwater Cladocera....Pages 69-74 Altitudinal distribution of tropical planktonic Cladocera....Pages 75-84 The conservation ecology of the Podonidae from the Caspian and Aral seas....Pages 85-97 Distribution and biology of marine cladocerans in the coastal waters of southern China....Pages 99-107 Synergistic effects of different food species on life-history traits of Daphnia galeata ....Pages 109-115 Effects of Microcystis aeruginosa on interference competition between Daphnia pulex and Keratella cochlearis ....Pages 117-126 The influence of prey hardness on Daphnia ’s selectivity for large prey....Pages 127-138 Egg size and egg mass of Daphnia magna : response to food availability....Pages 139-145 Reduced digestibility of UV-B stressed and nutrient-limited algae by Daphnia magna....Pages 147-151 UV-B-tolerance of alpine and arctic Daphnia ....Pages 153-159 An account of a preliminary mechanistic model of swimming behaviour in Daphnia : its use in understanding diel vertical migration....Pages 161-165 Life history characteristics of Daphnia magna clones differing in phototactic behaviour....Pages 167-175 Diel horizontal migration and swarm formation in Daphnia in response to Chaoborus ....Pages 177-184 Behavioural and morphological changes in polymorphic Daphnia related to different predation regimes....Pages 185-191 Seasonal occurrence and diel locomotor activity in littoral Cladocera in a mesohumic lake in Norway....Pages 193-201 Effects of predator-released chemicals on some life history parameters of Daphnia pulex ....Pages 203-206 The influence of a fish exudate on two clones of the hybrid Daphnia galeata × hyalina ....Pages 207-212 Changes in epibiotic burden during the intermolt of Daphnia determined by hypodermal retraction stages....Pages 213-219 An in situ test of the effects of food quality on Daphnia population growth....Pages 221-230 Interrelationships between crustacean Zooplankton and phytoplankton: Results from 15 years of field observations at the mesotrophic Saidenbach Reservoir (Germany) ....Pages 231-238 Life history characteristics and distribution of Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig (Crustacea, Onychopoda) in the Biesbosch reservoirs....Pages 239-251 Competition or niche segregation between Holopedium and Daphnia ; empirical light on abiotic key parameters....Pages 253-261 Interactions between Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) and cladocerans in ponds (Khartoum, Sudan)....Pages 263-272 Leptodora kindti : efficient predator and preferred prey item in Neusiedler See, Austria....Pages 273-282 Cyclomorphosis as a factor explaining success of a Daphnia hybrid in Tjeukemeer....Pages 283-289 Morphological variation and population dynamics of Bosmina (E.) longicornis kessleri Uljanin (Crustacea: Anomopoda: Bosminidae) in the Bukovec Reservoir (S.E. Slovakia)....Pages 291-297 Back Matter....Pages 299-307