Civil War and Agrarian Unrest: The Confederate South and Southern Italy (Cambridge Studies on the American South)

Between 1861 And 1865, Both The Confederate South And Southern Italy Underwent Dramatic Processes Of Nation-building, With The Creation Of The Confederate States Of America And The Kingdom Of Italy, In The Midst Of Civil Wars. This Is The First Book That Compares These Parallel Developments By Focusing On The Unionist And Pro-bourbon Political Forces That Opposed The Two New Nations In Inner Civil Conflicts. Overlapping These Conflicts Were The Social Revolutions Triggered By The Rebellions Of American Slaves And Southern Italian Peasants Against The Slaveholding And Landowning Elites. Utilizing A Comparative Perspective, Enrico Dal Lago Sheds Light On The Reasons Why These Combined Factors Of Internal Opposition Proved Fatal For The Confederacy In The American Civil War, While The Italian Kingdom Survived Its Own Civil War. At The Heart Of This Comparison Is A Desire To Understand How And Why Nineteenth-century Nations Rose And Either Endured Or Disappeared-- Machine Generated Contents Note: Introduction: Civil War, Nation-building, And Agrarian Unrest In The Confederate South And Southern Italy: A Comparative Perspective; Part I. Inner Civil Wars And National Crises, 1860-1863: 1. Preemptive Counterrevolutions: The Rebellions Of The Elites; 2. The Difficult Birth Of Two Nations; 3. Inner Civil Wars In East Tennessee And Northern Terra Di Lavoro I, 1860-1861; 4. Inner Civil Wars In East Tennessee And Northern Terra Di Lavoro Ii, 1861-1863; Part Ii. Civil Wars And Social Revolutions, 1862-1865: 5. Revolutions: The Revolts Of The Lower Strata; 6. Civil Wars And Agrarian Questions; 7. Social Revolutions In The Lower Mississippi Valley And Upper Basilicata I, 1862-1863; 8. Social Revolutions In The Lower Mississippi Valley And Upper Basilicata Ii, 1863-1865. Enrico Dal Lago. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Cover 1 Half-title 3 Series information 5 Title page 7 Copyright information 8 Table of contents 9 List of Maps 11 Acknowledgments 13 List of Abbreviations 15 Introduction: Civil War, Nation-Building, and Agrarian Unrest in the Confederate South and Southern Italy – A Comparative Perspective 17 Part I Inner Civil Wars and National Crises, 1860–1863 41 1 Preemptive Counterrevolutions: The Rebellions of the Elites 43 1 1860: South Carolinian Secessionists and Sicilian Separatists Triumphant 45 2 Secession Conventions and Annexation Plebiscites 51 3 The Consequences of Fort Sumter and Gaeta 57 4 Spring 1861: The Birth of the Confederacy and of the Italian Kingdom 63 5 Rebellious American Slaveholders and Southern Italian Landowners in Wider Contexts 70 2 The Difficult Birth of Two Nations 78 1 The Confederate States of America and the Kingdom of Italy 80 2 Nationalism and Nation-Building in the Confederacy and the Italian Kingdom 87 3 The First Tests of Confederate and Italian Nationalisms through War in 1861 94 4 Inner Civil Wars in the Confederacy and Southern Italy in 1862 101 5 Inner Civil Wars in the Confederacy and Southern Italy in 1863 108 3 Inner Civil Wars in East Tennessee and Northern Terra di Lavoro I, 1860–1861 119 1 Border Regions and Mountain Areas: East Tennessee and Northern Terra di Lavoro in 1860 122 2 Divided Loyalties: East Tennessee and Secession; Northern Terra di Lavoro and Unification 133 3 The Confederate and Italian Governments Take Control of the Two Regions 142 4 Unionists, Pro-Bourbons, Borders, and Outside Military Help 156 5 Major Unionists and Pro-Bourbon Guerrilla Operations in the Autumn of 1861 163 4 Inner Civil Wars in East Tennessee and Northern Terra di Lavoro II, 1861–1863 179 1 Confederate and Italian Retribution against Combatants and Civilians 182 2 1862: The Inner Civil Wars Escalate in the Two Regions 194 3 Guerrilla Warfare and Repression of Civil Liberties in East Tennessee and Northern Terra di Lavoro 203 4 The National Governments, the Militaries, and the People 215 5 1862–1863: Inner Civil Wars and Wider Developments 228 Part II Civil Wars and Social Revolutions, 1862–1865 241 5 Revolutions: The Revolts of the Lower Strata 243 1 African American Slaves and Southern Italian Peasants 245 2 Slave Resistance in the Confederate South and Peasant Resistance in Southern Italy 249 3 Civil Wars and Revolutionary Changes 254 4 Emancipation and Democratic Possibilities 260 5 Echoes of Haiti and Ireland 264 6 Civil Wars and Agrarian Questions 272 1 The Slaves’ and Peasants’ Wars as Largescale Rebellions 273 2 The Agrarian Questions during the Two Civil Wars 279 3 Land and Freedom in America and Italy 283 4 The Union and Italian Governments, and Their Policies 289 5 Ex-Slaves, ‘‘Brigand’’ Peasants, and the Land Issue 294 7 Social Revolutions in the Lower Mississippi Valley and Upper Basilicata I, 1862–1863 301 1 Slaves in the Lower Mississippi Valley and Brigands in Upper Basilicata in 1862 305 2 Slave and Ex-Slave Resistance in the Lower Mississippi Valley and Peasant Unrest in Upper Basilicata 315 3 The Impact of Slave Emancipation and of the State of Siege in Early 1863 327 4 The Slaves’ and Freedpeople’s Rebellions in the Lower Mississippi Valley and the Peasants’ War in Upper Basilicata 338 5 Slaves and Freedpeople against Masters and Peasants against Landowners 348 8 Social Revolutions in the Lower Mississippi Valley and Upper Basilicata II, 1863–1865 359 1 The Lower Mississippi Valley and Upper Basilicata in the Summer of 1863 362 2 The Union’s Conquest of Vicksburg and the Italian Government’s Pica Law 372 3 Occupation of Plantations in the Lower Mississippi Valley and Invasion of Masserie in Upper Basilicata 381 4 The National Governments, the Militaries, and Agrarian Unrest in the Lower Mississippi Valley and Upper Basilicata 391 5 The Land Issue and Resistance to the Reestablishment of the Old Order in the Two Regions, 1864–1865 401 Conclusion 413 Bibliography 421 Primary Sources 421 Manuscript Collections 421 Archivio di Stato di Caserta 421 Archivio di Stato di Frosinone 421 Archivio di Stato di Napoli 422 Archivio di Stato di Potenza 422 Duke University Special Collections 422 Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collection, LSU Libraries, Baton Rouge 422 Calvin M. McClung Historical Collection, East Tennessee Historical Society, Knoxville, Tennessee 423 National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C. and College Park, Maryland 423 Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 423 Tennessee State Library Archives, Nashville, Tennessee 423 University of Tennessee Special Collections, Knoxville, Tennessee 423 Newspapers and Periodicals 424 Printed Primary Sources 424 Secondary Sources 427 Books 427 Articles and Book Chapters 442 Dissertations 453 Websites 454 Index 455 "Between 1861 and 1865, both the Confederate South and Southern Italy underwent dramatic processes of nation-building, with the creation of the Confederate States of America and the Kingdom of Italy, in the midst of civil wars. This is the first book that compares these parallel developments by focusing on the Unionist and pro-Bourbon political forces that opposed the two new nations in inner civil conflicts. Overlapping these conflicts were the social revolutions triggered by the rebellions of American slaves and Southern Italian peasants against the slaveholding and landowning elites. Utilizing a comparative perspective, Enrico Dal Lago sheds light on the reasons why these combined factors of internal opposition proved fatal for the Confederacy in the American Civil War, while the Italian Kingdom survived its own civil war. At the heart of this comparison is a desire to understand how and why nineteenth-century nations rose and either endured or disappeared." -- Provided by publisher