Civil-Military Relations in Chinese History: From Ancient China to the Communist Takeover (Asian States and Empires)

Modern studies of civil--military relations recognise that the military is separate from civil society, with its own norms and values, principles of organization, and regulations. Key issues of concern include the means by which – and the extent to which – the civil power controls the military; and also the ways in which military values and approaches permeate and affect wider society. This book examines these issues in relation to China, covering the full range of Chinese history from the Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties up to the Communist takeover in 1949. It traces how civil--military relations were different in different periods, explores how military specialization and professionalization developed, and reveals how military weakness often occurred when the civil authority with weak policies exerted power over the military. Overall, the book shows how attitudes to the military's role in present day Communist China were forged in earlier periods. Dedication 8 Contents 10 List of contributors 12 Acknowledgments 13 List of abbreviations 15 Introduction: civil–military relations in Chinese history • Kai Filipiak 16 1 The rise and fall of the system of rites and music and the evolution of the Zhou army • Huang Pumin 33 2 Military codes of virtue: aspects of wen and wu in China’s Warring States Period • Kai Filipiak 49 3 The master of works (sikong) in the armies of the Qin and Han dynasties • Song Jie 62 4 Re-thinking the civil–military divide in the southern dynasties • Andrew Chittick 78 5 Changes in the title systems for generals in ancient China • Zhang Jinlong 88 6 Origins and selection criteria of soldiers in different stages of the Tang dynasty (618–907) • Sun Jimin 119 7 The drum and wind palace music of the Tang and Song dynasty • Yu Filipiak 138 8 The rise of the martial: rebalancing wen and wu in Song dynasty culture • Peter Lorge 149 9 Postcards from the edge: competing strategies for the defense of Liaodong in the late Ming • Kenneth M. Swope 159 10 The adaptation of Chinese military techniques to Chosŏn Korea, their validation, and the social dynamics thereof • Felix Siegmund 187 11 Craftsmen and specialist troops in early modern Chinese armies • Ulrich Theobald 206 12 Military atrocities in warlord China • Edward McCord 225 13 The military ascendant: the ascendancy of the Chinese military during the Resistance War 1937–1945 (and afterwards) • Diana Lary 253 Chronology 267 Glossary 268 Bibliography 292 Index 303 The Third Chinese Revolutionary Civil War, 1945-49 : -- An Analysis Of Communist Strategy And Leadership / Christopher R. Lew -- China's Southern Tang Dynasty, 937-976 / Johannes L. Kurz -- War, Culture And Society In Early Modern South Asia, 1740-1849 / Kaushik Roy -- The Military Collapse Of China's Ming Dynasty, 1618-44 / Kenneth M. Swope -- China's Second Capital -- Nanjing Under The Ming, 1368-1644 / Jun Fang -- Rethinking The Decline Of China's Qing Dynasty : Imperial Activism And Borderland Management At The Turn Of The Nineteenth Century / Daniel Mcmahon -- Civil-military Relations In Chinese History : From Ancient China To The Communist Takeover / Edited By Kai Filipiak. Edited By Kai Filipiak. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 277-287) And Index.