Citizens of Europe? : The Emergence of a Mass European Identity

citizens Of Europe? Looks At The Emergence Of A New Mass European Identity, And At The Way Symbols Of European Integration And The Mass Media Have Shaped And Influenced It. It Provides New And Unprecedented Empirical Evidence On The Progress Of European Identity In A Comparative Perspective Between The 1970's And Today, But Also In Depth Quantitative Evidence On The Effects Of Symbols Of Europe And The Media On Citizens' Identity In Britain, France, And The Netherlands, And Qualitative Evidence Based On Focus Groups On What Europe Means To Citizens. Cover......Page 1 Contents......Page 6 List of Tables and Figures......Page 8 Acknowledgements......Page 11 Plan of the Book: Summary of the Chapters......Page 13 1 What is Identity?......Page 18 Part I Theorising the Emergence of a European Identity......Page 40 2 The Model and Research Design: Institutions? Media? And the Development of a Mass European Identity......Page 42 3 Institutions and the Formation of Mass Identities in New Political Communities – Four 'Lessons From The Past' (United Kingdom, Austria, Israel, and the United States of America)......Page 58 4 With Aforethought? Institutions, Symbols, and the Quest for a New Identity in Europe......Page 75 Part II Has a Mass European Identity Emerged?......Page 116 5 Who Feels European? Measurement of European Identity and Differences Across Individuals......Page 118 6 News, Symbols, and European Identity......Page 140 7 1970–2000 – The Emergence of a Mass European Identity......Page 151 8 On What it Means to 'Be European': Making Citizens Talk About 'Europe' and 'Europeanness'......Page 167 9 Conclusions: Institutions and the Emergence of a Mass European Identity – Lessons for the Future......Page 183 Appendices......Page 196 Appendix 1: Questionnaires......Page 198 Appendix 2: The Experimental Design......Page 205 Appendix 3: The Time-Series Analysis Design......Page 212 Notes......Page 226 Bibliography......Page 228 D......Page 234 G......Page 235 M......Page 236 S......Page 237 Z......Page 238 Cover 1 Contents 6 List of Tables and Figures 8 Acknowledgements 11 Plan of the Book: Summary of the Chapters 13 1 What is Identity? 18 Part I Theorising the Emergence of a European Identity 40 2 The Model and Research Design: Institutions? Media? And the Development of a Mass European Identity 42 3 Institutions and the Formation of Mass Identities in New Political Communities – Four 'Lessons From The Past' (United Kingdom, Austria, Israel, and the United States of America) 58 4 With Aforethought? Institutions, Symbols, and the Quest for a New Identity in Europe 75 Part II Has a Mass European Identity Emerged? 116 5 Who Feels European? Measurement of European Identity and Differences Across Individuals 118 6 News, Symbols, and European Identity 140 7 1970–2000 – The Emergence of a Mass European Identity 151 8 On What it Means to 'Be European': Making Citizens Talk About 'Europe' and 'Europeanness' 167 9 Conclusions: Institutions and the Emergence of a Mass European Identity – Lessons for the Future 183 Appendices 196 Appendix 1: Questionnaires 198 Appendix 2: The Experimental Design 205 Appendix 3: The Time-Series Analysis Design 212 Notes 226 Bibliography 228 Index 234 A 234 B 234 C 234 D 234 E 235 F 235 G 235 H 236 I 236 J 236 K 236 L 236 M 236 N 237 O 237 P 237 Q 237 R 237 S 237 T 238 U 238 V 238 W 238 X 238 Y 238 Z 238 Citizens of Europe? examines the fascinating emergence of a new European identity: how fast is it emerging? What have been the roles of the media and public institutions in fostering or impeding it? What does this mean for ordinary European citizens? This book shows empirically for the first time how a mass European identity has emerged across the EU member states between 1970 and the present day. Beyond this novel approach, it also offers a whole new theory of political identities, based on two 'civic' and 'cultural' components. Michael Bruter shows how multiple identities reinforce - rather than exclude - each other, and studies in depth the unsuspected impact of the media and political institutions on the emergence of new political identities "Citizens of Europe? examines the emergence of a new European identity: how fast is it emerging? What have been the roles of the media and public institutions in fostering or impeding it? What does this mean for ordinary European citizens? This book shows empirically for the first time how a mass European identity has emerged across the EU member-States between 1970 and the present day. Beyond this novel approach, it also offers a whole new theory of political identities, based on two 'civic' and 'cultural' components. Michael Bruter shows how multiple identities reinforce - rather than exclude - each other, and studies in depth the unsuspected impact of the media and political institutions on the emergence of new political identities."--Jacket This title looks at the emergence of a new mass European identity, and at the way symbols of European integration and the mass media have shaped and influenced it. It provides empirical evidence on the progress of European identity in a comparative perspective between the 1970s and today