Cities of Ladies: Beguine Communities in the Medieval Low Countries, 1200-1565 (The Middle Ages Series)

"The definitive study. . . . A learned, lively, and highly readable book, now the essential introduction to the subject."—__Choice__ "The definitive study. . . . A learned, lively, and highly readable book, now the essential introduction to the subject."—__Choice__

Selected by Choice magazine as an Outstanding Academic Title

In the early thirteenth century, semireligious communities of women began to form in the cities and towns of the Low Countries. These beguines, as the women came to be known, led lives of contemplation and prayer and earned their livings as laborers or teachers.

In Cities of Ladies, the first history of the beguines to appear in English in fifty years, Walter Simons traces the transformation of informal clusters of single women to large beguinages. These veritable single-sex cities offered lower- and middle-class women an alternative to both marriage and convent life. While the region's expanding urban economies initially valued the communities for their cheap labor supply, severe economic crises by the fourteenth century restricted women's opportunities for work. Church authorities had also grown less tolerant of religious experimentation, hailing as subversive some aspects of beguine mysticism. To Simons, however, such accusations of heresy against the beguines were largely generated from a profound anxiety about their intellectual ambitions and their claims to a chaste life outside the cloister. Under ecclesiastical and economic pressure, beguine communities dwindled in size and influence, surviving only by adopting a posture of restraint and submission to church authorities.

Selected by Choice magazine as an Outstanding Academic Title In the early thirteenth century, semireligious communities of women began to form in the cities and towns of the Low Countries. These beguines, as the women came to be known, led lives of contemplation and prayer and earned their livings as laborers or teachers. In Cities of Ladies , the first history of the beguines to appear in English in fifty years, Walter Simons traces the transformation of informal clusters of single women to large beguinages. These veritable single-sex cities offered lower- and middle-class women an alternative to both marriage and convent life. While the region's expanding urban economies initially valued the communities for their cheap labor supply, severe economic crises by the fourteenth century restricted women's opportunities for work. Church authorities had also grown less tolerant of religious experimentation, hailing as subversive some aspects of beguine mysticism. To Simons, however, such accusations of heresy against the beguines were largely generated from a profound anxiety about their intellectual ambitions and their claims to a chaste life outside the cloister. Under ecclesiastical and economic pressure, beguine communities dwindled in size and influence, surviving only by adopting a posture of restraint and submission to church authorities. Selected byChoicemagazine as an Outstanding Academic Title for 2002In the early thirteenth century, semireligious communities of women began to form in the cities and towns of the Low Countries. These beguines, as the women came to be known, led lives of contemplation and prayer and earned their livings as laborers or teachers. InCities of Ladies, the first history of the beguines to appear in English in fifty years, Walter Simons traces the transformation of informal clusters of single women to large beguinages. These veritable single-sex cities offered lower- and middle-class women an alternative to both marriage and convent life. While the region's expanding urban economies initially valued the communities for their cheap labor supply, severe economic crises by the fourteenth century restricted women's opportunities for work. Church authorities had also grown less tolerant of religious experimentation, hailing as subversive some aspects of beguine mysticism. To Simons, however, such accusations of heresy against the beguines were largely generated from a profound anxiety about their intellectual ambitions and their claims to a chaste life outside the cloister. Under ecclesiastical and economic pressure, beguine communities dwindled in size and influence, surviving only by adopting a posture of restraint and submission to church authorities Women, Work, And Religion In The Southern Low Countries -- The Southern Low Countries In The High And Late Middle Ages -- Household Structure And Gender -- Religious Renewal And Dissent Before The Beguines -- Women As Reformers And Heretics -- Lambert Le Begue -- The Formation Of Beguinages -- Informal Communities -- Formal Communities -- The Contemplative And The Active Life -- The Withdrawal From The World -- Charity -- Teaching -- Manual Work -- Saints And Workers -- The Social Composition Of Beguine Communities -- Social And Economic Status -- Patrons Of The Beguinages -- The Success Of A Formula -- Conflict And Coexistence -- The Debate -- The Inquiries -- The Aftermath -- Repertory Of Beguine Communities -- Population Of Select Court Beguinages. Walter Simons. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [223]-251) And Index. Contents Illustrations and Maps Preface 1. Women,Work, and Religion in the Southern Low Countries 2. The Formation of Beguinages 3. The Contemplative and the Active Life 4. The Social Composition of Beguine Communities 5. Conflict and Coexistence 6. Conclusion Abbreviations Notes Bibliography Appendix I: Repertory of Beguine Communities Appendix II: The Population of Select Court Beguinages Index "The definitive study. . . . A learned, lively, and highly readable book, now the essential introduction to the subject."— Choice "The definitive study. . . . A learned, lively, and highly readable book, now the essential introduction to the subject."— Choice Medieval visitors to the southern Low Countries would have been struck first by the variety of the landscape unfolding before them as they crossed the region from west to east.