Circulating Fluidized Beds

Since the late 1970s there has been an explosion of industrial and academic interest in circulating fluidized beds. In part, the attention has arisen due to the environmental advantages associated with CFB (circulating . fluidized bed) combustion systems, the incorporation of riser reactors employing cir­ culating fluidized bed technology in petroleum refineries for fluid catalytic cracking and, to a lesser extent, the successes of CFB technology for calcina­ tion reactions and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. In part, it was also the case that too much attention had been devoted to bubbling fluidized beds and it was time to move on to more complex and more advantageous regime,S of operation. Since 1980 a number of CFB processes have been commercialized. There have been five successful International Circulating Fluidized Bed Confer­ ences beginning in 1985, the most recent taking place in Beijing in May 1996. In addition, we have witnessed a host of other papers on CFB funda­ mentals and applications in journals and other archival publications. There have also been several review papers and books on specific CFB topics. However, there has been no comprehensive book reviewing the field and attempting to provide an overview of both fundamentals and applications. The purpose of this book is to fill this vacuum. Since the late 1970s there has been an explosion of industrial and academic interest in circulating fluidized beds. In part, the attention has arisen due to the environmental advantages associated with CFB (circulating . fluidized bed) combustion systems, the incorporation of riser reactors employing cirƯ culating fluidized bed technology in petroleum refineries for fluid catalytic cracking and, to a lesser extent, the successes of CFB technology for calcinaƯ tion reactions and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. In part, it was also the case that too much attention had been devoted to bubbling fluidized beds and it was time to move on to more complex and more advantageous regime, S of operation. Since 1980 a number of CFB processes have been commercialized. There have been five successful International Circulating Fluidized Bed ConferƯ ences beginning in 1985, the most recent taking place in Beijing in May 1996. In addition, we have witnessed a host of other papers on CFB fundaƯ mentals and applications in journals and other archival publications. There have also been several review papers and books on specific CFB topics. However, there has been no comprehensive book reviewing the field and attempting to provide an overview of both fundamentals and applications. The purpose of this book is to fill this vacuum Front Matter....Pages i-xvi Introduction to Circulating Fluidized Beds....Pages 1-20 Hydrodynamics....Pages 21-85 Gas Mixing....Pages 86-118 Solids Motion and Mixing....Pages 119-148 Hydrodynamic modeling....Pages 149-180 Cyclones and other gas—solids separators....Pages 181-213 Standpipes and return systems....Pages 214-260 Heat transfer in circulating fluidized beds....Pages 261-311 Experimental techniques....Pages 312-368 Combustion performance....Pages 369-416 Design considerations for CFB boilers....Pages 417-440 Applications of CFB technology to gas—solid reactions....Pages 441-465 Fluid catalytic cracking....Pages 466-488 Design and scale-up of CFB catalytic reactors....Pages 489-503 Reactor modeling for high-velocity fluidized beds....Pages 504-524 Novel configurations and variants....Pages 525-567 Future prospects....Pages 568-577 Back Matter....Pages 579-585 This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the principles underlying circulating fluidized beds and gives practical guidelines for the design of such units. As well as an introductory overview, chapters cover fundamental principles of the technique and the practical operation of commercial circulating fluidized bed reactors. A team of international experts provides the academic and industrial perspective on both the research aspects of CFBs and on the design and operation of commercial systems, especially for the key applications of catalytic cracking and combustion