Church and Synagogue (30-313 AD): Parting of the Ways (European Studies in Theology, Philosophy and History of Religions)

The separation of Church from Synagogue was not a one-time act, but a long-lasting, multilayered, and diversified process. The attempt to explain this process, namely the process of parting of the ways between Judaism and Christianity in the years 30–313 AD, constitutes the main research subject of this publication. The aim of this study is the presentation of the dynamism of Christian–Jewish relations in the first three centuries of the existence of the Church, taking into account mainly historical and theological (but not the only) factors which influenced these relations and finally led to the creation of two separate religions. The two religions existing side by side were in many aspects connected with each other mostly because both originated from biblical Judaism. Cover Copyright information Preface Contents Introduction Part I Church within Judaism (30–70 AD) I To the Expulsion of Jews from Rome (30–49 AD) Jerusalem – Judeo-Christian Community Messianism of Judeo-Christians and Messianism of other Movements within Judaism The Temple in the Eyes of Judeo-Christians and other Jews Understanding the Role of the Law The Beginning of Apostolic Activity of Paul of Tarsus Excursus: The Greco-Hellenistic Mentality and the Jewish Mentality Success of Mission among the Gentiles as a Separation Factor Philo of Alexandria and Biblical Allegory in Christian Exegesis Acceptance of Christianity by Samaritans (c. 37 AD) Early Christianity among Ethiopian Jews (c. 38 AD) Riots in Jabneh (c. 40 AD) Ban on Bringing Judeo-Christians to Alexandria? (41 AD) Claudius’ Expulsion of Jews from Rome (c. 49 AD) II Until the Fall of Jerusalem (50–70 AD) So-Called Council of Jerusalem (51 AD) Conflict with Jewish Community in Corinth (51 AD) Intensified Persecution by Jews and Romans (Approx. 60 AD). The Role of James, Brother of the Lord Divinity of Christ and Monotheism of Judaism The Eucharist – Nourishment for Christians and Scandal for the Jews Sabbath and the Lord’s Day Economic Factors Status of Women in Judaism and in the Early Church The Status of Slaves Jesus and Judaism – Through the Eyes of Mark the Evangelist Jews, Christians and Fire in the Eternal City (64 AD) Judaism in Qumran and Palestinian Christianity First Jewish Revolt Against the Roman Empire (66–70/74 AD) The Letter to the Hebrews and Theology of Substitution Part II Difficult Parting – The Beginnings (71–135 AD) I Until the Foundation of Jabneh Academy (71–89 AD) Increasing Openness of Church to Non-Jews The Gospel According to Matthew and the Jewish Tradition Fiscus Iudaicus Dual Work of Luke II Until the Outbreak of Bar Kokhba Revolt (90–131 AD) Academy of Jabneh (c. 90 AD) Are Christians Jewish? Rabbinic Perspective Question of Birkat ha-minim and the Lord’s Prayer Greek Bible in the Hands of Jews and Christians Excursus: Palestinian (Galilean) Aramaic and Targumic Aramaic as a Separation Factor? The Issue of Is 7:14b Anti-Judaism of Johannine Writings and Exclusion from Synagogue Apocryphal Apocalypses as Witness to the Division between Church and Synagogue Letters to Christian Communities of St Ignatius (c. 107 AD) Around the Reference of Pliny the Younger to Christ and Christians (110 AD) Jewish Uprisings in the Diaspora in the Years 115–117 Ebionites and Nazarenes – Jews or Christians? Aristides of Athens about the Jews (c. 125 AD) III Bar Kokhba Revolt (132–135 AD) Part III On Separate Ways (136–313 AD) I Until the First Amoraim (136–220 AD) The Epistle of Barnabas (c. 138 AD) Excursus: On Ancient Invective The Chosen Nation in the Works of Justin Martyr (c. 140 AD) Martyrdom for the Faith in the Second Century: Jewish and Christian View The Case of Marcion (c. 144 AD) and the Gospel of Judas Jewish Involvement in the Martyrdom of Polycarp of Smyrna (c. 156 AD) Melito of Sardis’ Accusations Against the Jews? The Epistle to Diognetus (c. 180 AD) about the Jews Activity of Rabbi Judah ha-Nasi The Oldest Latin Homily Against the Jews (c. 190 AD) Calendar of the Jews and Christian Dispute over the Date of the Celebration of Easter Septimius Severus Against the Jews and Christians (AD 202). Tertullian The Beginnings of Talmudic Tradition about Jesus and Christians II Until the Milanese Rescript (221–313 AD) New Demography of Palestine in the Third Century Sages of Israel in Confrontation with Christians The Development of Rabbinic Literature Didascalia Apostolorum and Pseudo-Clementines on Obeying the Jewish Law Jewish Exegetical Methods in Origen Christian and Jewish Catacombs in Rome in the Second Half of the Third Century Jewish Question at the Synod of Elvira (c. 303) The Epilogue: Towards the Milanese Rescript (313 AD) Conclusion Abbreviations Index The separation of Church from Synagogue was not a one-time act, but a long-lasting, multilayered, and diversified process. The attempt to explain this process, namely the process of parting of the ways between Judaism and Christianity in the years 30-313 AD, constitutes the main research subject of this publication. The aim of this study is the presentation of the dynamism of Christian-Jewish relations in the first three centuries of the existence of the Church, taking into account mainly historical and theological (but not the only) factors which influenced these relations and finally led to the creation of two separate religions. The two religions existing side by side were in many aspects connected with each other mostly because both originated from biblical Judaism. --From publisher's description The aim of this study is the presentation of the dynamism of Christian-Jewish relations in the years 30-313 AD taking into account mainly historical and theological (but not only) factors which influenced these relations and finally led to the creation of two separate religions.