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"Expert advice on C programming is hard to find. While much help is available for object-oriented programming languages, there's surprisingly little for the C language. With this hands-on guide, beginners and experienced C programmers alike will find guidance about design decisions, including how to apply them bit by bit to running code examples when building large-scale programs. Christopher Preschern, a leading member of the design patterns community, answers questions such as how to structure C programs, cope with error handling, or design flexible interfaces. Whether you're looking for one particular pattern or an overview of design options for a specific topic, this book shows you how to implement hands-on design knowledge specifically for the C programming language. You'll find design patterns for: Error handling Returning error information Memory management Returning data from C functions Data lifetime and ownership Flexible APIs Flexible iterator interfaces Organizing files in modular programs Escaping #ifdef Hell."--Page 4 of cover Cover Copyright Table of Contents Preface Why I Wrote This Book Patterns Basics How to Read This Book Overview of the Patterns Conventions Used in This Book Using Code Examples O’Reilly Online Learning How to Contact Us Acknowledgments Part I. C Patterns Chapter 1. Error Handling Running Example Function Split Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Guard Clause Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Samurai Principle Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Goto Error Handling Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Cleanup Record Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Object-Based Error Handling Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Summary Further Reading Outlook Chapter 2. Returning Error Information Running Example Return Status Codes Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Return Relevant Errors Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Special Return Values Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Log Errors Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Summary Further Reading Outlook Chapter 3. Memory Management Data Storage and Problems with Dynamic Memory Running Example Stack First Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Eternal Memory Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Lazy Cleanup Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Dedicated Ownership Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Allocation Wrapper Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Pointer Check Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Memory Pool Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Summary Further Reading Outlook Chapter 4. Returning Data from C Functions Running Example Return Value Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Out-Parameters Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Aggregate Instance Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Immutable Instance Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Caller-Owned Buffer Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Callee Allocates Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Summary Outlook Chapter 5. Data Lifetime and Ownership Stateless Software-Module Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Software-Module with Global State Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Caller-Owned Instance Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Shared Instance Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Summary Further Reading Outlook Chapter 6. Flexible APIs Header Files Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Handle Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Dynamic Interface Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Function Control Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Summary Further Reading Outlook Chapter 7. Flexible Iterator Interfaces Running Example Index Access Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Cursor Iterator Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Callback Iterator Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Summary Further Reading Outlook Chapter 8. Organizing Files in Modular Programs Running Example Include Guard Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Software-Module Directories Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Global Include Directory Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Self-Contained Component Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example API Copy Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Summary Outlook Chapter 9. Escaping #ifdef Hell Running Example Avoid Variants Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Isolated Primitives Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Atomic Primitives Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Abstraction Layer Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Split Variant Implementations Context Problem Solution Consequences Known Uses Applied to Running Example Summary Further Reading Outlook Part II. Pattern Stories Chapter 10. Implementing Logging Functionality The Pattern Story File Organization Central Logging Function Logging Source Filter Conditional Logging Multiple Logging Destinations File Logging Cross-Platform Files Using the Logger Summary Chapter 11. Building a User Management System The Pattern Story Data Organization File Organization Authentication: Error Handling Authentication: Error Logging Adding Users: Error Handling Iterating Using the User Management System Summary Chapter 12. Conclusion What You’ve Learned Further Reading Closing Remarks Index About the Author Colophon