Chinese Economic Statecraft From 1978 to 1989 : The First Decade of Deng Xiaoping’s Reforms

This volume focuses on Chinese economic statecraft during the first decade of Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening-up policies, from 1978 to 1989. During these years, Chinese economic engagement with the external world was tentative and experimental, with long-term strategies still decidedly under development. Prominent topics covered are China's efforts to steer an economic course tailored to and representing what Deng Xiaoping famously described as “socialism with Chinese characteristics”; China's quest for advanced science and technology; China's dealings with international economic institutions, especially the World Bank; China's engagement with other powers, including Japan, the United States, the ASEAN nations, and Europe; and the role of non-governmental organizations, including foreign policy think tanks, exchange groups, and educational institutions, in developing Chinese economic thinking and methodology during this decade. Contributors also focus on how elements of the Chinese military turned to building China's new economic infrastructure, and on Chinese efforts to break into foreign markets. The volume ends with an overview and reassessment of earlier findings on Chinese economic statecraft in these years, by one of the leading Chinese experts on the PRC's international policy. Preface Contents List of Contributors Abbreviations List of Figures List of Tables 1 Introduction Chinese Economic Statecraft from 1978 to 1989: The First Decade of Deng Xiaoping’s Reforms Bibliography 2 Seven Policies That Opened China to the Outside World, 1979–1990 Initial Phase: Document 1979.202 Expanding Foreign Exchange Revenue Under the Plan Initial Policy Phase: Document 1979.50 Establishing the SEZ Experiment Policy Readjustment Phase: Emergency Circular of 11 January 1982 Economic Chaos Policy Expansion Phase: Central Committee Document 1984.13 The 14 Coastal Cities Policy Expansion Phase: State Council Document 1988.24 The Hainan Island SEZ Policy Adoption Phase Coastal Development Strategy and Outward-Oriented Development Policy Adoption Phase: Central Committee Document 1990.100 The Pudong New Area Conclusion Bibliography 3 Deng Plays the “China Card”: Deng Xiaoping’s Visit to the United States and Its Implications for China’s New Long March to Modernization Introduction Mr. Deng Xiaoping Takes America by Storm Conclusion Bibliography 4 Toward Technological Statecraft: Revisiting Beijing’s Economic Statecraft in the 1980s Introduction Science and Technology in China’s Modernization China Seeks Access to Science and Technology from the United States Conclusion Bibliography 5 The Revival of Management Education in Reform-Era China Introduction Restoring “Science” to Management, 1978–1984 Transpacific Circulations and MBA Re-education, 1984–1996 Conclusion Bibliography 6 Deng Xiaoping’s Use of Positive Economic Statecraft: The Importance of Securing Long-Term Partnerships with Major International Financial Organizations (IFOs) Introduction Conceptual Framework and Literature Review Deng’s Positive Economic Statecraft Seeking Membership in the Bretton Woods Institutions The Results of Deng’s Positive Economic Statecraft Securing a Key Position in the Bretton Woods System Achieving Deng’s Political Goals Obtaining Professional Economic Advice from the World Bank Consolidating a Long-Term Partnership with the World Bank (WB) Winning a New Partnership with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Overcoming Diplomatic Isolation Through Relations with IFOs Conclusion Bibliography 7 Reimagining the Chinese Economy Through Sino-Japanese Engagement in the 1980s Introduction China and Japan: From Estrangement to Engagement Mechanisms of Engagement Advisers Exchanges Examples Sino-Japanese Engagement: Key Themes and Policy Effects Conclusion Bibliography 8 China’s Reform Era Under Deng Xiaoping, 1978–1989: Impacts on China-ASEAN Relations Introduction: Laying the Foundation for the Four Modernizations China’s International Strategy in Triangular Relations The Regional Political Strategy Underlying Deng’s Economic Statecraft Deng’s Economic Statecraft in the Context of China-ASEAN Relations Conclusion Bibliography 9 Sino-European Relations in the 1980s: Increasing Engagement in the Shadow of the United States Introduction Background: Europe and China, 1949–1978 Three Bilateral Relationships West Germany France Netherlands The European Economic Community (EEC) Tiananmen and Its Aftermath Conclusion Bibliography 10 The Bottleneck of Reform: China’s Oil Policy in the 1980s Introduction The Path to Offshore Cooperation From Optimism to Disappointment Beijing Turns to the Alternatives “Walking on Two Legs” After Tiananmen Conclusion Bibliography 11 Maoist Soldiers as the Infrastructure of Reform: The People’s Liberation Army Engineering Corps in Shenzhen Introduction A Rifle in One Hand and a Hoe in the Other: The Early History of the PLA Engineering Corps, 1966–1979 Seasoned Soldiers Defending the Frontier of Reform: The PLA Engineering Corps Arrives in Shenzhen, 1979–1983 “Agony and Dignity of the 20,000”: Demobilization and Depression, 1983–1986 From Soldiers to Shareholders: The SOE Reforms, 1986–2020 Conclusion Bibliography 12 Whose Perestroika? Czechoslovak Communists, Deng Xiaoping’s Economic Reforms, and Late 1980s Sino-Czechoslovak Relations Introduction Back to Business as Usual The Technocrat and the Ideologue Fallout from Tiananmen Bibliography 13 Orchestrating and Mediating New China’s International Reintegration: The U.S. Think Tank China Cluster in the 1980s Introduction Keeping Expectations Modest Developing Exchanges and Networking The China Council of the Asia Society: The Early 1980s Chinese Officials at Williamsburg, 1980 The Council on Foreign Relations: The China Factor, 1980–1981 Trilateral Meeting in Beijing, May 1981 Reviving the China Factor Group Dialogues Begin Conclusion Bibliography 14 The Reform Era Foreign Policy Narrative: 1978 Onward Bibliography Index