Children's Respiratory Nursing: Mighten/Children's Respiratory Nursing

Children’s Respiratory Nursing is a comprehensive, patient-centered text providing up to date information about the contemporary management of children with respiratory conditions. It looks at acute and chronic respiratory conditions in both primary and secondary health care sectors and explores the subject from a child and family focused perspective. Children’s Respiratory Nursing is structured in four user-friendly sections: The first section provides a general background for children’s respiratory nursing. Section two explores the various investigations that aid diagnosis and treatment; such as assessment of defects in airflow and lung volume, oxygen therapy and long term ventilation. Section three looks at respiratory infection and provides an overview of the common infections in children with reference to national and local guidelines. The final section considers the practical issues that impact on children’s nurses - the transition from children to adult services, legal and ethical issues and the professional communication skills needed for dealing with children and their families. This practical text is essential reading for all children’s nurses who have a special interest with respiratory conditions and would like to develop a level of understanding of the special management required in the specialty. Special Features Examples of good practice provided throughout Provides research and evidence-based case studies Explores care in both hospital and community settings A strong practical approach throughout Content: Chapter 1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System (pages 3–10): Conrad Bosman Chapter 2 Homeostasis and the Respiratory System (pages 11–15): Andrew Prayle Chapter 3 Nursing Assessment, History Taking and Collaborative Working (pages 16–23): Janice Mighten Chapter 4 Investigations (pages 25–40): Alan R. Smyth, Conrad Bosman and Janice Mighten Chapter 5 Assessment of Defects in Airflow and Lung Volume Using Spirometry (pages 41–54): Harish Vyas and Caroline Youle Chapter 6 Oxygen Therapy (pages 55–72): Jayesh Bhatt and Sarah Spencer Chapter 7 Long?Term Ventilation (pages 73–88): David Thomas and Beverley Waithe Chapter 8 Management of Lung Infection in Children (pages 89–106): Alan R. Smyth Chapter 9 Pharmacology and the Respiratory System (pages 107–112): Andrew Prayle and Janice Mighten Chapter 10 Management of Asthma and Allergy (pages 113–133): Jayesh Bhatt, Harish Vyas and Debra Forster Chapter 11 Complications With Lung Development and Progressive Airway Injury (pages 134–155): Jayesh Bhatt, Chhavi Goel and Sarah Spencer Chapter 12 Inherited Lung Disease in Children (pages 156–185): Alan R. Smyth, Ammani Prasad and Janice Mighten Chapter 13 Lung Transplantation in Children (pages 186–205): Helen Spencer and Katherine Carter Chapter 14 Transition to Adult Services (pages 207–214): Donna Hilton Chapter 15 Professional Issues (pages 215–223): Janice Mighten Chapter 16 Communication: A Holistic Approach (pages 224–237): Phil Brewin Children ’ s Respiratory Nursing......Page 1 Children ’ s Respiratory Nursing......Page 2 Copyright......Page 3 Contents......Page 4 Contributors......Page 6 Foreword......Page 8 How to use this book......Page 9 Acknowledgements......Page 11 Introduction: the evolution of children ’ s respiratory nursing......Page 12 References......Page 13 Anatomy of the upper respiratory tract......Page 15 Development of the respiratory system......Page 17 Physiology of the respiratory system......Page 18 References......Page 20 Section I: The fundamental principles of respiratory nursing......Page 14 Respiratory rate, carbon dioxide and pH......Page 21 Control of respiratory rate is an example of a negative feedback mechanism......Page 22 The regulation of blood pH is called acid?base balance and is assessed with blood gas analysis......Page 23 Conclusion......Page 24 References......Page 25 Assessment......Page 26 History taking......Page 28 Consultation skills......Page 29 Collaborative working......Page 30 References......Page 32 Cautionary measures for x-rays......Page 35 Systematic interpretation......Page 36 Bronchoscopy and bronchial lavage......Page 40 Technique......Page 41 Some situations in which fl exible bronchoscopy might be helpful......Page 42 Postoperative nursing management following bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchcoscopy......Page 45 Conclusion......Page 47 References......Page 48 Section II: Respiratory investigations and assessments......Page 34 History......Page 49 Calibration......Page 50 What to record......Page 51 Associated problems......Page 52 Bronchial challenge tests......Page 54 Infant lung function......Page 55 Priority of patients......Page 56 Spirometry checklist for use prior to testing......Page 57 Performing the spirometry tests......Page 58 Reversibility testing......Page 60 Cleaning of the spirometer......Page 61 References......Page 62 Hypoxaemia/hypoxia......Page 63 Long-term oxygen therapy......Page 64 Monitoring oxygen therapies......Page 66 Pulse oximetry......Page 67 Home oxygen guidelines......Page 68 When is it no longer necessary?......Page 69 Oxygen outside the home......Page 70 Equipment required......Page 71 Liquid oxygen therapy Figure 6.6......Page 72 Oxygen in schools......Page 74 Financial help......Page 75 Nursing management......Page 76 References......Page 79 Normal respiration......Page 81 Pathophysiological aspects......Page 82 Neuromuscular diseases......Page 83 Non-invasive ventilation: part of a package of care......Page 84 Acute presentations......Page 85 Long-term ventilation as a bridge to transplantation......Page 86 Ventilators Figure 7.1......Page 87 Interfaces: masks......Page 89 Development of independence......Page 90 Care in the community......Page 91 References......Page 94 Introduction......Page 98 Bronchiolitis......Page 99 Pneumonia......Page 100 Empyema......Page 101 Croup......Page 103 Epiglottitis......Page 104 Rare causes of acute stridor......Page 105 Primary tuberculosis......Page 106 Other forms of pulmonary tuberculosis......Page 107 Extrapulmonary tuberculosis......Page 109 Conclusion......Page 110 References......Page 112 Section III: Respiratory conditions......Page 97 How drugs work......Page 114 Metabolism......Page 115 Frequently administered respiratory drugs......Page 116 The nurse ’ s role in drug administration......Page 117 Conclusion......Page 118 References......Page 119 Introduction......Page 120 Defi nition of asthma......Page 121 Diagnosis......Page 122 Goals for treatment......Page 123 British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of asthma......Page 124 Step 2: introduction of regular preventer therapy......Page 125 Step 3: initial add-on therapy......Page 126 Step 4: poor control on moderate dose of inhaled steroid plus add-on therapy: addition of fourth drug......Page 127 Pathophysiology......Page 128 General management......Page 129 Nursing management......Page 132 Inhaler technique......Page 133 Asthma action plans......Page 135 Care in the community......Page 137 References......Page 138 Useful websites......Page 140 Chronic lung disease of prematurity......Page 141 Treatment......Page 142 Immunisation......Page 144 Defi nition......Page 145 Diagnosis......Page 146 Treatment......Page 147 Pathogenesis......Page 148 Clinical presentation......Page 149 Investigations......Page 150 Outcome......Page 151 Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation......Page 152 Congenital lobar emphysema......Page 153 Congenital diaphragmatic hernia......Page 155 Pulmonary sequestration......Page 156 Nursing management of neonatal chronic lung disease and home oxygen......Page 157 Conclusion......Page 159 References......Page 160 Primary ciliary dyskinesia......Page 163 Pathophysiology......Page 165 Diagnosis......Page 166 Clinical features and complications......Page 167 Treatment......Page 169 Standards of care......Page 171 Airway clearance......Page 172 Exercise......Page 176 Airway clearance......Page 177 Airway clearance......Page 178 Summary......Page 179 Standards of care......Page 180 The role of the cystic fi brosis nurse specialist......Page 181 Promotion of self-care......Page 182 Primary/secondary care: working in partnership......Page 183 Home intravenous therapy......Page 184 Summary......Page 186 Conclusion......Page 187 References......Page 189 Introduction......Page 193 Disease-specifi c selection criteria......Page 194 What type of transplant?......Page 195 Timing of listing......Page 196 Contraindications to lung transplant......Page 197 The nursing assessment and consultation......Page 198 What information is given to the child and family?......Page 199 Psychosocial assessment......Page 201 Care of the patient on the transplant waiting list......Page 202 Nursing care of the early post lung transplant patient......Page 203 Effective immunosuppression of the patient to prevent rejection......Page 204 Optimising the function of the newly implanted donor lungs......Page 205 Optimising other organ functions......Page 207 Infection......Page 208 Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease......Page 209 Conclusion......Page 210 References......Page 211 Transition as a journey......Page 214 The guide......Page 215 Hospital youth work......Page 216 Outcomes......Page 217 Conclusion......Page 218 References......Page 219 Section IV: Practical elements and governance issues......Page 213 Introduction......Page 220 Law and ethics......Page 221 Health and safety law......Page 222 Consent......Page 223 Safeguarding......Page 224 Care Quality Commission......Page 225 Practice guidelines......Page 226 References......Page 227 Communication in healthcare......Page 229 General communication problems......Page 230 Communication with parents......Page 231 Differences in culture......Page 232 Getting information: open and closed questions......Page 233 Giving information......Page 234 Painful or distressing procedures......Page 235 Support of the parents or primary carers......Page 239 Conclusion......Page 240 References......Page 241 Glossary......Page 243 Abbreviations......Page 245 Answers......Page 248 Index......Page 253 __Children’s Respiratory Nursing__ is a comprehensive, patient-centered text providing up to date information about the contemporary management of children with respiratory conditions. It looks at acute and chronic respiratory conditions in both primary and secondary health care sectors and explores the subject from a child and family focused perspective. __Children’s Respiratory Nursing__ is structured in four user-friendly sections: * The first section provides a general background for children’s respiratory nursing. * Section two explores the various investigations that aid diagnosis and treatment; such as assessment of defects in airflow and lung volume, oxygen therapy and long term ventilation. * Section three looks at respiratory infection and provides an overview of the common infections in children with reference to national and local guidelines. * The final section considers the practical issues that impact on children’s nurses - the transition from children to adult services, legal and ethical issues and the professional communication skills needed for dealing with children and their families. This practical text is essential reading for all children’s nurses who have a special interest with respiratory conditions and would like to develop a level of understanding of the special management required in the specialty. **Special Features** * Examples of good practice provided throughout * Provides research and evidence-based case studies * Explores care in both hospital and community settings * A strong practical approach throughout Content: Chapter 1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System (pages 3–10): Conrad BosmanChapter 2 Homeostasis and the Respiratory System (pages 11–15): Andrew PrayleChapter 3 Nursing Assessment, History Taking and Collaborative Working (pages 16–23): Janice MightenChapter 4 Investigations (pages 25–40): Alan R. Smyth, Conrad Bosman and Janice MightenChapter 5 Assessment of Defects in Airflow and Lung Volume Using Spirometry (pages 41–54): Harish Vyas and Caroline YouleChapter 6 Oxygen Therapy (pages 55–72): Jayesh Bhatt and Sarah SpencerChapter 7 Long?Term Ventilation (pages 73–88): David Thomas and Beverley WaitheChapter 8 Management of Lung Infection in Children (pages 89–106): Alan R. SmythChapter 9 Pharmacology and the Respiratory System (pages 107–112): Andrew Prayle and Janice MightenChapter 10 Management of Asthma and Allergy (pages 113–133): Jayesh Bhatt, Harish Vyas and Debra ForsterChapter 11 Complications With Lung Development and Progressive Airway Injury (pages 134–155): Jayesh Bhatt, Chhavi Goel and Sarah SpencerChapter 12 Inherited Lung Disease in Children (pages 156–185): Alan R. Smyth, Ammani Prasad and Janice MightenChapter 13 Lung Transplantation in Children (pages 186–205): Helen Spencer and Katherine CarterChapter 14 Transition to Adult Services (pages 207–214): Donna HiltonChapter 15 Professional Issues (pages 215–223): Janice MightenChapter 16 Communication: A Holistic Approach (pages 224–237): Phil Brewin Children's Respiratory Nursing is a comprehensive, patient-centred text providing up-to-date information about the contemporary management of children with respiratory conditions. It looks at acute and chronic respiratory conditions in both primary and secondary health care sectors and explores the subject from a child- and family-focused perspective. Children's Respiratory Nursing is divided into four user-friendly sections: The first section provides a general background for children's respiratory nursing Section two explores the various investigations that aid diagnosis and treatment, such as assessment of defects in airflow and lung volume, oxygen therapy, and long term ventilation Section three looks at respiratory infection and provides an overview of the common infections in children with reference to national and local guidelines The final section considers the practical issues that impact on children's nurses - the transition from children to adult services, legal and ethical issues and the professional communication skills needed for dealing with children and their families This practical text is essential reading for all children's nurses who have a special interest in respiratory conditions and would like to develop a greater level of understanding of the management required. Special Features Examples of good practice provided throughout Includes evidence-based case studies Explores care in both hospital and community settings A strong practical approach throughout Anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system / Conrad Bosman Homeostasis and the respiratory system / Andrew Prayle Nursing assessment, history taking, and collaborative working / Janice Mighten Investigations / Alan Smyth, Conrad Bosman & Janice Mighten Assessment of defects in airflow and lung volume / Haresh Vyas & Caroline Youle Oxygen therapy / Jayesh Bhatt & Sarah Spencer Long term ventilation / David Thomas & Beverley Waithe Management of lung infection in children / Alan Smyth Pharmacology and the respiratory system / Andrew Prayle & Janice Mighten Management of asthma and allergy / Jayesh Bhatt, Haresh Vyas & Debra Forster Complications with lung development & progressive airway injury / Jayesh Bhatt, Chhavi Goel & Sarah Spencer Inherited lung disease in children / Alan Smyth, Armanni Prasad & Janice Mighten Lung transplantation in children / Helen Spencer & Katherine Carter Transition to adult services / Donna Hilton Professional issues / Janice Mighten Communication an holistic approach / Phil Brewin. Children & rsquo;s Respiratory Nursing is a comprehensive, patient-centered text providing up to date information about the contemporary management of children with respiratory conditions. It looks at acute and chronic respiratory conditions in both primary and secondary health care sectors and explores the subject from a child and family focused perspective. Children & rsquo;s Respiratory Nursing is structured in four user-friendly sections: The first section provides a general background for children & rsquo;s respiratory nursing. Section two explores the various investigations that aid diagnosis a This is a comprehensive, patient-centred text providing up to date information about the contemporary management of children with respiratory conditions. It looks at acute and chronic respiratory conditions in both primary and secondary health care sectors and explores the subject from a child and family focused perspective