Child Language, Aphasia and Phonological Universals (Janua Linguarum. Minor) (Janua Linguarum. Series Minor, 72)

## PREFACE crucial tasks of recent inquiries into the relation of linguistic structure to language acquisition, so that many of the questions so important to Jakobson, and treated in his 1941 monograph, have in a sense re-emerged again as focal problems in current thinking. To some degree, therefore, Jakobson's monograph can be considered as one of the first really insightful contributions to problems that have now become among the most important and stimulating ones in linguistic research. I am indebted to Roman Jakobson for generously giving his time for discussion of the translation and to Professors Herbert A. Youtie and Gerda Seligson, who read the entire manuscript and made considerable criticisms and corrections, as well as Nancy Dorian, Anne G. Miller and Shirley Barlow for their invaluable help. PREFACE I. The Phonological Development of Child Language and Aphasia as a Linguistic Problem 1. Types of Linguistic Activity 2. Interaction between Child Language and the Languages of the World 3. Occasional and Constant Agreements 4. Recording and Analysis of the Beginnings of Child Language 5. Principle of Least Effort and Cessation of Babbling Sounds 6. Emergence of the Speech Sound 7. Interjectional Sounds 8. Supposed Exceptions to Order of Phonological Development 9. Dissolution of the Phonological System 10. Sound and Meaning Disturbances 11. Linguistic Character of Aphasic Sound-Deafness and Sound-Muteness II. Stratification of the Phonological System 12. Relative and Absolute Chronology of Phonological Development 13. Minimal Consonantismus and Minimal Vocalismus 14. Identical Laws of Solidarity in the Phonological Development of Child Language and in the Synchrony of the Languages of the World 15. Late or Rare Phonological Acquisitions 16. Relative Degree of Sound Utilization 17. Panchrony of the Laws of Solidarity 18. Laws of Solidarity and Speech Pathology 19. Normal Speech Disturbances 20. Uniformity of Stratification III. Foundation of the Structural Laws 21.Atomistic Attempts at Explanation 22.Inherent Direction of Development 23. Split Consonant ∾ Vowel 24. Opposition Nasal-Oral in Consonants and Vowels 25. Splitting of Consonants into Labials and Dentals and Vowels into Wide and Narrow 26. Splitting of Consonants into Front and Back 27. Agreements Between the Systems of Sound and Colour 28. Classification and the Structure of Higher Units 29. Place of the Dentals in the Consonant System 30. Secondary Gradations of Phonological Oppositions IV. Concluding Observations 31. Prospects 32. Glottogony 33. Principle of Language Change BIBLIOGRAPHY

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