Chemicals as Intentional and Accidental Global Environmental Threats (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series / NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security)

The book contains the contributions at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Chemicals as Intentional and Accidental Global Environmental Threats, which took place in Borovetz, Bulgaria, November 16-27, 2005. A diverse group of scientists, representing the fields of ecology, chemistry, medicine, epidemiology, public health, toxicology, risk assessment, environmental protection and management, modelling, environmental remediation technologies came together to discuss the chemicals threats for the global environment. The intentional or accidental release of chemicals into environment poses a global threat to public health and security. There is a forecast that terrorists could begin to use more advanced technologies including chemicals to threaten or attack civil and political institutions. Terrorism is expected to increase the threat of chemicals in environment through direct release of chemical agents or sabotage of existing chemical facilities. The intentional release of chemicals into environment can cause widespread panic, injury and mortality due to the potentials of exposure of large population. In addition, the management of accidental chemical releases and historical chemical contamination represents a significant economic burden to society. Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 12 Acknowledgements......Page 13 List of Contributors......Page 14 Environmental Risk Assessment......Page 20 Sampling and Sample Pretreatment for Environmental Analysis......Page 26 Lessons Learned from Industrial Chemical Accidents: Italian and International Initiatives......Page 48 Selection of Effective Technologies for Management of Contaminated Lands......Page 64 Europe as a Source of Pollution – The Main Factor for the Eutrophication of the Danube Delta and Black Sea......Page 76 Effective Approaches for Modeling Ground Water Load of Surface Applied Chemicals......Page 83 Fate of Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment......Page 111 Vulnerability, Resilience and Adaptation: Response Mechanisms in an Environmental Emergency – The Asian Tsunami in Thailand and Hurricane Katrina in the United States......Page 122 One Approach for Cognitive Assessment on Group of School Children Exposed to Lead in the Community of Veles......Page 144 Ecological and Professional Chemical Dangers for Reproductive Health......Page 154 Technological Transfer. Miniature Laser Mass Spectrometer for Express Analysis of Environmental Samples......Page 166 Incidental and Accidental Pollution in Italy......Page 179 Pesticides as Global Environmental Pollutants......Page 188 Regulatory use of Pesticide Concentrations in the Environment in the EU......Page 207 Threats on the Seaside Lakes Water and Their Acute and Long-Term Consequences......Page 215 Evaluating Health Risks and Prioritising Response Actions for Contaminated Lands......Page 233 SAFEFOODNET: An Ongoing Project on Chemical Food Safety: Network for Enlarging Europe......Page 251 Degradation of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in Landscape Soils......Page 261 Pollutants Effects on Human body – Toxicological Approach......Page 268 The Use of Models for the Evaluation of Chemical Attenuation in the Environment......Page 280 Mechanism of the remediation (detoxification) of chemicals (pesticide, heavy metals, other toxic chemical compounds)......Page 284 Environmental Protection and Public Health Projects. Educational and Training Programs......Page 294 Planning and Execution of a Pilot Phytoremediation Experiment......Page 310 Determination of protein complexed paralytic shellfish poisoning. Mechanism of the remediation (detoxification) of chemicals (pesticide, heavy metals, other toxic chemical compounds)......Page 316 European Institutions for Controlling Chemical Air Pollution: An Analysis of CLRTAP-European Union Interplay......Page 334 Development of a Pesticides Biosensor Using Carbon-Based Electrode Systems......Page 350 Study of the Content of Chemicals in Landfill Leachate......Page 357 Aspects of Eutrophication as a Chemical Pollution with Implications on Marine Biota at the Romanian Black Sea Shore......Page 369 Investigation of the Constanta Surface Water's Pollution Sources......Page 373 The Potential Use of Festuca Cultivars and Lignite for phytostabilization of Heavy Metal Polluted Soils......Page 379 Development of Analytical Method for Determination of PCBs in Soil by Gas Chromatography with Electron-Capture detector......Page 387 Method for the determination of Some Selected Steroid Hormones and Bisphenol A in Water at Low ng/l Level by On-line Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with Liquid.........Page 391 Evaluation of Biocide – Free Antifouling Systems......Page 405 Removal of Dissolved Organic Compounds by Granular Activated Carbon......Page 409 External and Internal Exposure to Carbon Disulfide at the Working Place......Page 413 Accumulation of Copper, Cadmium, Iron, Magnesium and Zink in Three Development Stages of Red Pepper......Page 421 Determination of Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Pesticides in Honey From Different Regions in Romania......Page 424 Evaluation of the Women Fertility Health and the Environment. Nickel Exposure in Industry......Page 427 Study on the Influence of Vegetation on the Quality of Aquatic Systems......Page 431 Heavy Metals Concentrations in Aquatic Environment and Living Organisms in the Danube Delta, Romania......Page 445 Determination of Cyanides from Distilled Alcoholic Drinks......Page 453 The Quality of the Drinking Water – the Main Factor into the Socio-Hygienic Monitoring......Page 456 Detection of Heavy Metals and Organic Pollutants from Black Sea Marine Organisms......Page 460 Methylmercury in Surface Sediments in Coastal Environments. Comparison Between a Dynamic Macrotidal Estuary and a Microtidal Lagoon......Page 464 A Quick and Easy Retrieval of Information on Pesticide Toxicity to Humans and Environment: PESTIDOC......Page 468 Study of Biofilm Formation on Different Pipe Materials in a Model of Drinking Water Distribution System and its Impact on Microbiological Water Quality......Page 472 Modeling the transport and fate of Contaminants in the environment: soil, water and air......Page 478 Equilibrium studies of Pb(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions onto granular activated carbon and natural zeolite......Page 486 Nitrate Pollution of the Lesnovska River Caused by Filtration of Chemicals by Agricultural Areas......Page 496 Pesticide Applications and Sustainable Agricultural Development in Armenia......Page 501 Evaluation of biofilms occuring in drinking water distribution system of Balatonfüred......Page 509 E......Page 516 R......Page 517 W......Page 518

The main aim of the book is to perform a critical assessment of the existing knowledge of chemical threats to environmental security with special reference to the prevention of chemical releases, rapid detection, risk assessment and effective management of emergency situations and long-term consequences of chemical releases. The technologies that are evaluated concern prevention and management of both intentional and accidental releases of chemicals in the environment. The participation of contributors from different scientific fields and young scientists allows for a multi-media focus covering threats to food, air, water and soil. The experience of renowned authors and young scientists' ideas in this field contributes to finding answers to critical questions and to the identification of the future research needs and new approaches in management and structuring of the preventive systems and methodologies.

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Chemicals as Intentional and Accidental Global Environmental Threats, held in Borovetz, Bulgaria, 16-27 November 2005