Chemical exchange between the atmosphere and polar snow [proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Processes of Chemical Exchange Between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow" held at Il Ciocco, Italy, March 19-23, 1995

Polar ice cores have provided tremendous advances in our knowledge of past climate change. They also contain an archive of geochemical data, which can certainly delineate some of the forcing factors that govern climate change. However, our ability to interpret these data is severely curtailed by lack of knowledge of the processes governing the transfer of chemical species from the air to the snow. This book outlines the potential and problems of ice core chemistry and discusses the processes involved in air-snow transfer. It gives the state of current knowledge and an agenda for future research. Front Matter....Pages I-XI The Record of Aerosol Deposited Species in Ice Cores, and Problems of Interpretation....Pages 1-17 Acidic Gases (HCl, HF, HN0 3 , HCOOH, and CH 3 COOH): A Review of Ice Core Data and Some Preliminary Discussions on their Air-Snow Relationships....Pages 19-43 The Record of Gases and Reactive Species in Ice Cores, and Problems of Interpretation....Pages 45-69 Atmospheric Transport Pathways for the Arctic....Pages 71-92 Occurrence And Trends of Pollution in the Arctic Troposphere....Pages 93-129 One Year’s Continuous Aerosol Sampling at Summit in Central Greenland....Pages 131-143 Central Antarctica: Atmospheric Chemical Composition and Atmospheric Transport....Pages 145-172 Coastal Antarctica: Atmospheric Chemical Composition and Atmospheric Transport....Pages 173-199 Chemical Reactions in the Polar Troposhere Relevant to C, S, and N Compounds....Pages 201-224 Modeling Framework For Atmospheric Trace Gas Measurements at the Air-Snow Interface....Pages 225-248 Overview Of Field Data on the Deposition Of Aerosol-Associated Species to the Surface Snow Of Polar Glaciers, Particularly Recent Work in Greenland....Pages 249-274 The Deposition Of Particles and Gases to Ice Sheets....Pages 275-306 Overview of Recent Field Experiments for the Study of the Air-Snow Transfer of H 2 O 2 and HCHO....Pages 307-318 Conceptual Framework for Interpretation of Exchange Processes....Pages 319-338 Processes at Ice Surfaces: Physical Uptake and Reaction....Pages 339-352 Possible Chemical Transformations in Snow and Ice Induced by Solar (UV PHOTONS) and Cosmic Irradiation (MUONS)....Pages 353-377 Metamorphism of Polar Firn: Significance of Microstructure in Energy, Mass and Chemical Species Transfer....Pages 379-401 The Effects Of Snow Ventilation on Chemical Concentrations....Pages 403-451 Wind-Blown Snow: Sublimation, Transport and Changes to Polar Snow....Pages 453-489 Turbulent Exchange of Momentum and Scalars in the Surface Layer over Antarctic Snow and Ice....Pages 491-515 Thermodynamics of the Solute Layer on the Surface of Ice....Pages 517-526 Gas Diffusion in Firn....Pages 527-540 Location, Movement and Reactions of Impurities in Solid Ice....Pages 541-560 Firn Properties Affecting Gas Exchange at Summit, Greenland: Ventilation Possibilities....Pages 561-565 Interactions of Gas Phase HCL and HNO 3 with Ice....Pages 567-571 Climate and Atmospheric Tracers Modelling with GCM, Polar Applications....Pages 573-579 Atmospheric Residence Times Influence on Tracer Concentrations in Remote Polar Areas....Pages 581-585 The Behaviour of Organic Chemicals in Snow....Pages 587-593 Mass Size Distributions for Atmospheric Particulate Elements at the Zeppelin Background Station in NY Ålesund. Spitsbergen....Pages 595-599 Air/Snow Transfer Studies at the High-Alpine Site Jungfraujoch, Switzerland....Pages 601-605 On the Spatial Variability of Impurity Content and Stable Isotopic Composition in Recent Summit Snow....Pages 607-615 Fluorocarbon Tracers of the Age of Air in Alpine Firn....Pages 617-622 The Peroxide Record from the DSS Ice Core, Law Dome, Antarctica: Preliminary Results....Pages 623-627 Where are We Going? The Ice Core — Paleoclimate Inverse Problem....Pages 629-640 Working Group Report — Irreversible Species....Pages 641-646 Working Group Report — Acidic Gases....Pages 647-652 Working Group Report — Oxidants....Pages 653-655 Back Matter....Pages 657-680 Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Processes of Chemical Change Between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow" held at Ciocco, Italy, March 19-23, 1995.